Lecture. MedSouk 2013 University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum By Javier Prior (UPCT)

1. Science, behind social revolutions:
what’s next? Quantum technology
Javier Prior
Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
Quantum Many Body Systems’s group

2. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Brief history of Humanity

3. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Thermodynamics
Sadi Carnot
1796/1832
James Joule
1818/1889
James Watt
1736/1819

4. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Industrial revolution
Robert E. Lucas, Nobel Prize winner in economics science, "For the first time in
history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to
undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is
mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility.”

5. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Industrial revolution
Robert E. Lucas, Nobel Prize winner in economics science, "For the first time in
history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to
undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is
mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility.”

6. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Industrial revolution
Robert E. Lucas, Nobel Prize winner in economics science, "For the first time in
history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to
undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is
mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility.”

7. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Industrial revolution
Robert E. Lucas, Nobel Prize winner in economics science, "For the first time in
history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to
undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is
mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility.”

8. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Industrial revolution
Robert E. Lucas, Nobel Prize winner in economics science, "For the first time in
history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to
undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is
mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility.”

9. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Thermodynamics
Nicolas Otto
1832/1891
Rudolf Diesel
1858/1913

10. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
German car industry
Nicolas Otto
1832/1891
Rudolf Diesel
1858/1913

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German car industry
Nicolas Otto
1832/1891
Rudolf Diesel
1858/1913

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Electromagnetism
Michael Faraday
1791/1867
James Maxwell
1831/1879
Thomas Edison
1847/1931

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XX century revolution

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XX century revolution

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XX century revolution

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XX century revolution

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XX century revolution

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XX century revolution

19. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Quantum physics
Max Planck
1858/1947
Erwin Schrodinger Richard Feynman
1887/1961
1918/1988

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Exponential Growth in Technology
Space/Time Measurement precision
Communication capacity
Computational power
Energy efficiency
1.6% p.a. on average at the world level between 1990 and 2006

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Measurement of time gains in precision exponentially

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Measurement of time gains in precision exponentially
Essen & Parry @ National Physical Laboratory 1955

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Measurement of time gains in precision exponentially
Essen & Parry @ National Physical Laboratory 1955

24. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Measurement of time gains in precision exponentially
Essen & Parry @ National Physical Laboratory 1955

25. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Measurement of time gains in precision exponentially
Essen & Parry @ National Physical Laboratory 1955

26. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Computer grow faster exponentially

27. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Computer grow faster exponentially
Kelvin’s tide predictor 1872

28. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Computer grow faster exponentially
Z3 Zuse 1941
Kelvin’s tide predictor 1872

29. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Computer grow faster exponentially
Wilkes EDSAC 1949
Z3 Zuse 1941
Kelvin’s tide predictor 1872

30. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Computer grow faster exponentially
Wilkes EDSAC 1949
Z3 Zuse 1941
Commodore 64
Kelvin’s tide predictor 1872

31. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Computer grow faster exponentially
Wilkes EDSAC 1949
Z3 Zuse 1941
Commodore 64
Kelvin’s tide predictor 1872

32. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Components grow smaller exponentially
cm
Quantum Noise
mm
Quantum technology
nm
A

33. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Components grow smaller exponentially

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Secret Communication

35. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Secret Communication
?
miles away
KEY 0
0
1
0
1
1
0
KEY 0
0
1
0
1
How to establish key that only Alice and Bob know ?
1
0

36. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Secret Communication

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Secret Communication
Quantum World:
Charles’s measurement of
quantum signal causes
perturbation and can be
detected.

38. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Secret Communication
Zeilinger Space Quest
Gisin

39. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
High intensity:
Intensity
Time

40. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
High intensity:
Intensity
Time

41. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
High intensity:
Intensity
Time

42. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
High intensity:
Intensity
Time

43. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
Low intensity:
Clicks
Time
Light comes in little portions  Photons

44. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
Clicks
Time
Clicks
Time

45. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
Clicks
?
Time
Clicks
Time

46. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
Clicks
Time
Clicks
Photons can be in superposition
 Interference
Time

47. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality

48. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
Clicks
Time
Clicks
Time

49. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
Take home messages:
 When evolving freely quantum systems exhibit wave character
 When measured quantum systems exhibit particle character
 Measurements that acquire information, inevitably destroy
coherence and perturb the quantum systems.

50. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Hierachies in Biology: From classical to quantum world
10 -1
Can quantum
coherence be
relevant for
biological function?
Typical time scale [s]
10 -2
Tools
10 -3
10 -4
Function
10 -6
10 -8
?
10 -12
Quantum Classical
10 -14
10 -11
10 -10
10 -9
10 -8
10 -6
10 -5
Typical spatial scale [m]
10 -4
10 -2
© Vaziri
Requires tools for
studying biological
structure and
function at
unprecedented
spatial and temporal
resolution

51. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Hierachies in Biology: From classical to quantum world
10 -1
Can quantum
coherence be
relevant for
biological function?
Typical time scale [s]
10 -2
Tools
10 -3
10 -4
Function
10 -6
10 -8
?
10 -12
Quantum Classical
10 -14
10 -11
10 -10
10 -9
10 -8
10 -6
10 -5
Typical spatial scale [m]
10 -4
10 -2
© Vaziri
Requires tools for
studying biological
structure and
function at
unprecedented
spatial and temporal
resolution

52. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Photosynthesis

53. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Photosynthesis

54. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Photosynthesis

55. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Photosynthesis

56. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Photosynthesis

57. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Photosynthesis

58. Fenna-Matthews-Olsen complex
Exciton
Chlorosome
BChl
a
FMO
Exciton transport
1
6
5
2
7
4
3
Water soluble
Crystal structure
Charge separation
Electrons for chemistry
Transport time ~ 5-6 ps
RC

59. Fenna-Matthews-Olsen complex
Exciton
BChl
a
FMO
Antenna
Photon
Exciton
1
6
5
Chromophore
(pigment)
2
7
4
3
eReaction
centre
PigmentProtein
complex
Water soluble
Crystal structure
Transport time ~ 5-6 ps
RC

60. Long-lasting coherences in FMO
Inter-exciton coherence times > 1.8 ps (77K)
0.6 ps (277K)
Ground-exciton coherence times < 150 fs
How are inter-exciton coherences protected?
Room temperature coherences
Higher plants (LHCII) Calhoun et al. J. Phys. Chem. B, 113 (51), 2009
Marine algae Collini et al. Nature 463, 644-647 2010
Panitchayangkoon et al. PNAS 107:29
(2010)

61. Long-lasting coherences in FMO
Inter-exciton coherence times > 1.8 ps (77K)
0.6 ps (277K)
Ground-exciton coherence times < 150 fs
How are inter-exciton coherences protected?
Room temperature coherences
Higher plants (LHCII) Calhoun et al. J. Phys. Chem. B, 113 (51), 2009
Marine algae Collini et al. Nature 463, 644-647 2010
Panitchayangkoon et al. PNAS 107:29
(2010)

62. Long-lasting coherences in FMO
Inter-exciton coherence times > 1.8 ps (77K)
0.6 ps (277K)
Ground-exciton coherence times < 150 fs
How are inter-exciton coherences protected?
Room temperature coherences
Higher plants (LHCII) Calhoun et al. J. Phys. Chem. B, 113 (51), 2009
Marine algae Collini et al. Nature 463, 644-647 2010
Panitchayangkoon et al. PNAS 107:29
(2010)

63. Environmental interactions
E
|i>
|g>

64. Environmental interactions
J
|i >
1
|g>
Uncorrelated
Fluctuations
|i >
2
|g>

65. Environmental interactions
J
|i >
1
|g>
Uncorrelated
Fluctuations
|i >
2
|g>

66. Long-lasting coherences in FMO
Inter-exciton coherence times > 1.8 ps (77K)
0.6 ps (277K)
Ground-exciton coherence times < 150 fs
How are inter-exciton coherences protected?
Javier Prior, Alex Chin, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett.
105, 050404, (2010).
Alex Chin, Javier Prior, et al. Nature Physics
9, 113 (2013).

67. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Conclusions
Can we improve solar cells
based on this idea ?
More generally: Adding the right kind of noise, to the right kind
of nano-structure can improve its performance.

68. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Thanks
Javier Prior
Funded by:
Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
Quantum Many Body Systems’s group