1. Application Driven Design – New Directions Require New Tools! Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli The Edgar L. and Harold H. Buttner Chair of EECSUniversity of California at Berkeley Co-Founder, CTA and Member of the BoardCadence Design Systems

2. Outline The changing face of the IC business The Future: Systems of Systems Needed Methodologies and Tools © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 2 Platform Mapping Platform Design-Space Export

4. NO value in customer owning/writing drivers. (TMM, E*, HNS)

5. Customer added value is application, Conditional Access, Brand Name

7. MMS

8. Java Run -time

9. Inter-processor communications

10. Hardware peripheral drivers

11. High-level OS

12. Embedded wireless communications

13. Embedded camera, videos, voice, audio CODECS

14. Embedded 3D gaming SW and middleware

15. SDRAM

16. Flash Memory

17. Stereo FM Radio

18. Bluetooth Processor

19. Bluetooth Transceiver

20. Current Management

21. Flash Memory

22. Audio Codec & Amp

23. Analog ASIC

24. Digital Baseband

26. 6 Challenges System Debugging is a Difficult Problem Early Software Development is the limiting factor in TTM Everybody has growing software content Software never works the first time, debugging complex system interactions is very difficult There is a gap between hardware and software engineers Debugging tools and techniques are very different We are in the middle of an Industry Inflection Point Shift from proprietary, vendor controlled Virtual Platform models to open, interoperable, standards based models The SystemC TLM2 standard has resulted in large scale migration towards a standards based approach to Virtual Platform creation Desire to avoid vendor lock-in and maintain tool independence Need to maintain control of source code for important IP models Virtual Platform Solution needed with extensive system-level debug and analysis to help find the root cause of difficult functional, performance, and power issues 6 6

28. Full programmers view of design

29. Runs unmodified target code

30. Runs very fast (many faster than real-time)

31. Available 6-12 months before silicon or boards

32. Enables early integration of hardware and software, improves quality

33. Provides insight into performance bottlenecks, architectural analysis

34. Easy to distribute to many usersControllability, Observability, Repeatability May 3, 2011 Cadence Confidential: Shared under NDA only 7

35. 8 Tool Limitations Today Do not solve System Complexity or Debugging Crisis None have enough knowledge of both hardware and software stack Most do not have enough performance to simulate full system Outdated technology with poor performance Processor models take too long to create and are not fast enough Vendors asking as much as $1M for models that do not have state-of-the-art performance Missing Model Syndrome Proprietary systems put all the pressure on the vendor to provide all needed models, vendors did not allow users to change models Users are less interested to do model creation for closed system, limited benefit for the work Limits 3rd party ecosystem of model providers Unconnected to implementation, disconnected from actual design flow Simulator does not support connections to other models such as RTL simulation Understaffed side projects producing throw away models Adhoc / Limited Scope Solutions Architectural trade-off market is too small Software Engineering-only solution also is too small Must address System Debugging and Verification Problem to provide real value

36. Outline The Future: Systems of Systems © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 9

37. The Emerging IT Scene! Infrastructural core Sensory swarm Mobile access Courtesy: J. Rabaey © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 10

38. Predictions 5 Billion people to be connected by 2015 (Source: NSN) The emergence of Web2.0 The “always connected” community network 7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people in 2017(Source: WirelessWorldResearchForum (WWRF) 1000 wireless devices per person?(Courtesy: NikoKiukkonen, Nokia) © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 11

41. Redefining the mobile market: Google, Apple, Nokia, Microsoft, Intel, IBM, etc.

44. Sensing based user generated content3.3 billion mobile device subscriptions worldwide in 2007 [Courtesy J. Shen, Nokia Research Center Palo Alto] 12

46. Arterial traffic for Northern California

47. Noise exposure in urban environments

48. Air quality in urban environments

50. All units include GSM (soon: Android), GPS, linuxgumstix, Zigbee, water quality sensor platform

52. [Lebedev, SA, 2006] [Sources: National Institutes of Health, Neurology journal] [ Nicolelis, Nature, 2001] Brain-Machine InterfacesThe Application of Neuroscience BMI – The instrumentation of neuroscience Learning about operation of the brain Enabling advanced prosthetics Estimated population 200,000 people in the US 11,000 new cases in the US every year Enabling innovative human-machine interfaces © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 15

53. clock Moving the state-of-the-artin wireless sensing memory regulator DSP Tx LNA ADC electrodes Power budget: mWs to 1 mW [Illustration art: SubbuVenkatraman] Towards Integrated WirelessImplanted Interfaces © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 16

54. Why so UGLY? Is it Substantially Different than Before?Complex Interconnections Among Components HETEROGENEITY Components do not necessarilyhave mathematically similarstructures and may involvedifferent scales in time or space SIZE The number of components may be large/enormous DISTRIBUTED NETWORKED SYSTEMS Components can be connected ina variety of ways, most often nonlinearly and/or via a network. Local and system wide phenomena may depend on each other in complicated ways EMERGING BEHAVIOR IN COMPOSITION Overall system behavior can be difficult to predict from the behavior of individual components. May evolve along qualitatively different pathways that may display great sensitivity to small perturbations at any stage * D.L. Brown, J. Bell, D. Estep, W. Gropp, B. Hendrickson, S. Keller-McNulty, D. Keyes, J. T. Oden and L. Petzold, Appled Mathematics at the U.S. Department of Energy: Past, Present and a View to the Future, DOE Report, LLNL-TR-401536, May 2008. © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 17

55. Outline Needed Methodologies and Tools © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 18 Platform Mapping Platform Design-Space Export

56. To Enable Success… We need an integration platform To deal with heterogeneity: Where we can deal with Hardware and Software Where we can mix digital and analog, cyber and physical Where we can assemble internal and external IPs Where we can work at different levels of abstraction To handle the design chain To support integration Tool integration IP integration The integration platform must subsume the traditional design flow, rather than displacing it © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 19

57. Methodologies (Freedom from Choice) Abstractions Tools How did we cope with Complexity in theVLSI Era? © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 20

58. Plug and Play Or Plug and Pray! © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 21

59. Texas Instruments OMAP Meet-in-the-middle structured methodology that limits the space of exploration, yet achieves good results in limited time A formal mechanism for identifying the most critical hand-off points in the design chain A method for design re-use at all abstraction levels An intellectual framework for the complete engineering design process! Platform Mapping Platform Design-Space Export The Platform Concept © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 22

60. Platform-Based Design Application Space Architectural Space Application Instance Platform Instance Platform Design-Space Export Platform Mapping Platform: library of resources defining an abstraction layer Resources do contain virtual components i.e., place holders that will be customized in the implementation phase to meet constraints Very important resources are interconnections and communication protocols

61. The Design SCIENCE Dilemma RaffaelloSanzio, The Athens School

62. The Way Forward Electronic and System Industry facing an array of complex problems from design to manufacturing involving complexity, power, reliability, re-configurability, integration, embedded software Design Methods and Tools lacking: active research field Innovation of this magnitude is difficult to achieve Collaboration is needed between governments, IC, and system industry, otherwise the situation is bound to become more critical. Not an issue of languages or point tools!

63. The Way Forward Electronic Industry facing an array of complex problems from design to manufacturing involving complexity, power, reliability, reconfigurability, integration, embedded software Design Methods and Tools lacking: active research field EDA vendors have to extend their reach into the system space Innovation of this magnitude is difficult to achieve Collaboration is needed between government, IC, and system industry, otherwise the situation is bound to become more critical. Not an issue of languages or point tools! Collaborate to Innovate

64. Educational Challenge © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 27

65. Educational Challenge © Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. All rights reserved. 28