optical fiber & fiber optic & f.o

1. DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNIQUES ENGINEERING / NETWORK
DIJLAH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
1. Mustafa Ahmed Qasem
Preparestudents
2014 - 2015
3. Hamid Obaid Jassim
2. Noor Mowaffaq Mohammed

2. DEFINITION OPTICAL FIBER
WHY OPTICAL FIBER
MANUFACTURING
OPTICAL FIBER FROM INSIDE
TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER
OPTICAL FIBER VS COPPER

3. An Optical Fiber Is A Flexible, Transparent Fiber Made By Drawing
Glass (Silica) Or Plastic To A Diameter Slightly Thicker Than That Of A
Human Hair Optical Fibers Are Used Most Often As A Means To
Transmit Light Between The Two Ends Of The Fiber To Find Wide
Usage In Fiber-optic Communications
FIGURE (1) The Size Of The Optical Fiber With A Finger Human
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4. 1. The high cost of cables to presence of the substance of copper in
addition to the always exposed to theft.
2. Permanent need for repeaters to overcome the decay
(Attenuation the cable) and on the close distances up to 40
kilometers at best.
3. Bandwidth available small even for coaxial cables containing
broadband (Wideband Coaxial Cables) can through which even
using different complications limited number of channels send.
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• An Optical Fiber Is Made Of Three Sections :
– The Core Carries The Light Signals
– The Cladding Keeps The Light In The Core
– The Coating Protects The Glass
5
CladdingCore
Coating
FIGURE (2) OPTICAL FIBER FROM INSIDE

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• Single-mode fiber
– Carries light pulses
generated by laser
along single path
• Multimode fiber
– Many pulses of light
generated by LED
travel at different
angles
FIGURE (3) TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER

7. Single mode fiber Multi mode fiber
 Core radius is small.
 Supports one mode of propagation.
 Optical source- LASER.
 The launching of optical power into fiber is
difficult Because the core radius is small.
 Supports larger bandwidth.
 Intermodal dispersion is absent.
 Used for long distance communication.
Core radius is large.
Supports hundreds of modes.
Optical source- LED.
The launching of optical power into fiber is
easier Because the core radius is large.
Supports lesser bandwidth.
These fiber suffer from Intermodal dispersion.
Used for short distance communication.
Comparison (1) Between Single Mode Fiber And Multi Mode Fiber

8. FIGURE (4) TYPES OF REFRACTIVE INDEX FOR CORE THE OPTICAL FIBER

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OPTICAL FIBER COPPER CONDUCTOR
1. More capable of carrying information
where the bandwidth is almost 50THZ
where the largest Bandwidth needs for
broadcast television does not exceed
6MHZ
2. Slimmer than copper (Suppose diameter
0.635 cm )
3. Less weight than copper wire (Suppose
weight 3.6 kg(
4. Less loss of the optical signals transmitted
5. There are not overlap In signals
6. Non-flammable
7. You need less energy from generators
8. Maintenance hardest
1. less capable of carrying information from
optical Fiber
2. Larger size than optical fiber (Suppose
diameter 7.62cm )
3. More weight than the optical fiber (Suppose
weight 94.5 kg (
4. loss more of the electrical signals that Sending
5. Suffer from overlap In signals
6. Flammable
7. You need more than power generators
8. Maintenance easier
Comparison (2) Between Optical Fiber And Copper Conductor

10. MANUFACTURING
Pass in three main stages
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PREFORM
PULLING
TEST
MATERIALS
OPTICAL FIBER
FIGURE (5) MAIN STEPS MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER

11. MANUFACTURING
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FIGURE (6) STEPS MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER

12. MANUFACTURING
Pure Silica Glass TubePure Silica Glass Tube

13. MANUFACTURING
Modified Chemical Vapour Deposition (MCVD) :
Oxygen ( ) Is Passed On Chemical Compound Of
Silicon Chloride And Chloride Germanium And Other
Chemicals Through A Tube Made Of Silica Which
Installer Above Burner ( ) Where Cause High
Temperatures In Occurrence Of Two Things :-

14. MANUFACTURING
Silicon Chloride ( ) And Germanium Chloride
( ) Reacts With Oxygen ( ) To Form Oxide
Silicon And Oxide Germanium
FIGURE (7) INTERACTION PROCESS SILICON AND Germanium WITH OXYGEN

15. MANUFACTURING
Deposition Of Oxide Silicon And Oxide Germanium On
The Tube Wall From The Inside And Merge Together To
Form The Desired Raw Glass Which Can Be
Controlled With A Purity And Qualities Of Glass
Formed By Controlling Mixture.
FIGURE (8) THE COMPONENT
DEPOSITION PROCESS

16. MANUFACTURING
Now The Fiber Is Withdrawn From These Raw Cylinder And Put
Them In The Clouds Tool Where Raw Glass Come Down In An
Carbon Oven That Temperature Of 1.900 To 2.200 C° . Begins The
Introduction In Melt . Even Dissolved Is Come Down By The
Influence Of Gravity Once Downfall It Cooled And Formed Strand
Optical

17. MANUFACTURING
These Strand Are Pulled By Tractor

18. MANUFACTURING
Continuous Measurement Of The Radius By Using A
Laser Micrometer

19. MANUFACTURING
Coating Cup 1 & 2

20. MANUFACTURING
Furnace For Processing Infra-rays (UV)

21. MANUFACTURING
Fiber Is Tested In Terms Of :
1. Refractive Index
2. Geometric Shape Especially Radius
3. Afford To Flatten
4. Dispersion Of Light Signals Through It
5. Information-carrying Capacity
6. Tolerated Temperature
7. The Possibility Of Connecting Underwater Light

22. MANUFACTURING
FIGURE (9) DEVICE TO MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER

23. Thank You