Cancer Case Study

A Case Study of Ovarian Cancer by Nancy A. Rice, Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, and Bruno Borsari, Biology Department, Winona State University

Abby is Sick: Review of the Story So Far… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Group Discussion ,[object Object]

CQ1: What percentage of people with cancer who die each year, die of cancer related causes? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Overall Cancer Incidence and Mortality Trends in U.S.

A snapshot of ovarian cancer From: A Snapshot of Ovarian Cancer , National Cancer Institute, updated 2007.

CQ2: Abby wondered: what is the difference between cancer and tumor ? What do you think? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is Cancer? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CQ2a: Abby asked: what is the difference between a tumor that has metastasized and one that hasn’t? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Role of Cell Division in Cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],Malignant If tumor invades surrounding tissue (cancerous) Metastatic If individual cells break away and start a new tumor elsewhere (cancerous) Benign If tumor has no effect on surrounding tissue (non-cancerous) Image from the National Cancer Institute

CQ3: Abby’s CA-125 levels taken at two different times are indicated below. Is Abby likely to have a cyst or cancer? ,[object Object],[object Object]

How can you diagnose ovarian cancer? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Preparing for Surgery ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ovarian adenocarcinoma (malignant) Ovary cystoadenoma (benign) Normal ovarian epithelium

start part 2 Abby, a 20 year old college student has just found out that she has ovarian cancer

The genetics of ovarian cancer ,[object Object],[object Object]

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CQ4: Why does cancer primarily affect older people rather than young people? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cancer is a genetic disease ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CQ4a: Does someone with cancer risk passing the disease on to his or her offspring? ,[object Object],[object Object]

CQ4a: Does someone with cancer risk passing the disease on to his or her offspring? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Remember: The cell cycle has four phases and controls cell division ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Interphase

Cell Cycle Checkpoints ,[object Object],[object Object]

CQ5: What would you expect cells to be like if the DNA that codes for proteins like p53 were mutated or absent? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Abby’s treatment options ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Typical Ovarian Cancer Treatments ,[object Object],[object Object],Taxus Brevifolia

CQ8: Can surgery alone successfully cure a cancer that has metastasized? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Two years after her treatment for ovarian cancer, Abby graduated from college with a BA in Anthropology. Three years later she married, and today she is living happily with her husband Charles and their four-year-old adopted daughter.

PQ1: Which is true of all cancers? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PQ2: For a cell, a mutation in a gene like the one that produces the p53 protein is most like: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PQ3: In 1971, Dr. Judah Folkman suggested that a tumor cannot grow beyond 1-2 mm without new blood vessels to provide nutrients to the tumor. In the 1990s it was discovered that a growth factor called VEGF stimulates the formation of new blood vessels. And now we know that many cancer cells secrete high levels of VEGF. From this information, one might predict: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cancer Case Study

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Cancer Case Study