Aim: to demonstrate the use of PBOG in the sociology of organisational life. In organisations, risk assessments may be seen as both controls over hazards in the workplace, and as controls over workers. This study therefore examines the use of risk assessments for both the intentional and unintentional consequences in organisational life.

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The problems of labour in relation to health and safety:
Clive Burgess © 26th January 2014
Aim: to demonstrate the use of PBOG in the sociology of organisational life. In
organisations, risk assessments may be seen as both controls over hazards in the
workplace, and as controls over workers. This study therefore examines the use
of risk assessments for both the intentional and unintentional consequences in
organisational life.
Empirical Field Test: The empirical field test was carried out by participant
observation, reviewing risk assessments normally used as a means to control
hazards in the work place. For example, safeguarding Mobile Security Guards
whilst they are driving company vehicles, or on foot patrols, or attending
emergency alarm calls. Controlling hazards may also involve controlling
workers. For example, the lone worker`s hourly check call monitors both the
worker`s safety and his attention to the job he is meant to be doing..
“There‟s class warfare, all right but it‟s my class, the rich class, that‟s
making war and we‟re winning” – Warren Buffett (Quote Stein 2006)
“Behind the appearance of partisan warfare, there is a broad consensus between
the two corporate-controlled parties to impose the full brunt of the crisis of the
capitalist system on the working class. There is no “liberal reform” wing of the
political establishment. No prominent figures in the Democratic Party are
calling for serious measures to address mass unemployment, falling wages, or
rising poverty, hunger and homelessness. Both parties are agreed on an historic
attack on public education and health care for working people.
The arrogant and brutal attack on the population embodied in the government
shutdown underscores the necessity for the working class to break from both
parties of big business and build an independent socialist movement to secure
the basic social rights of working people.” http://www.globalresearch.ca/usshutdown-targets-workers-and-poor-people/5352287
„If we consider industrial relations as a kind of warfare, of antagonistic cooperation, then,
„the study of industrial relations as a day-to-day problem is an examination of the tactics
used by both sides to improve their situation‟ (Stagner, 1956, p291).
It is a study of management‟s attempts to control and manipulate labour,
of its development of specific managerial techniques to control and raise

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labour efficiency, of workers resistance to managerial control, and of trade
union attempts to obtain improvements for labour by collective bargaining,
or other trials of strength.
P11 Problems in the field of Industrial Relations – Problems of labour and inflation Hilde
Behrend © 1984
The following diagrams illustrate the quotes from Behrend and Stagner.
Gather the information and data… using PBOG
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

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Self- Regulation: Audit Process or self monitoring
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
HSG 65 or HS 18001
PLAN: “This is how we intend to control and administer our work in a structured
manner”
Governance
Risk Management
Corporate Social Responsibility
Social Policies
Company Policies
Company Procedures
Contracts
Risk Assessments

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BEHAVIOUR patterns of: Observe and Monitor “This is how we do it”
Mistakes and Errors
Deviance
Near Misses
ORGANISATION rational: “We want you to do this with these to produce that
safely”
Organisation Structure: Who is responsible for whom?
Systems used
Premises - shared
“In
Capitalism”
amended
January
2014

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Some more references
Safe at Work: Dave Putson
https://www.spokesmanbooks.com/acatalog/Trade_Union_Classics.html
History of the HSE http://www.hse.gov.uk/aboutus/timeline/
Some of my stuff on Slideshare…
Overview: http://www.slideshare.net/clive-live/action-science-2-facebookmay-2013-2
PBOG: the sociology of organisational life: Testing out Activity Theory http://www.slideshare.net/clive-live/2-change-pbog-2
Producing a safety culture part 1: http://www.slideshare.net/clivelive/producing-a-safety-culture-oct-2011
Producing a safety culture part 2: http://www.slideshare.net/clivelive/producing-a-safety-culture-part-2
Structure: Organisation and Arrangements - http://www.slideshare.net/clivelive/structure-of-organisation-and-arrangements

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GUIDELINES legal or other: “This is how it must be done”
Duty of Care – Common Law: http://lusu.co.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2013/08/duty_of_care_guidelines.pdf
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (requires amendments)
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/contents
„Six Pack‟ 1999 Regulations introduced by the EU
https://www.unison.org.uk/upload/sharepoint/On%20line%20Catalogue/131
01.pdf
Enabling Act – Statutory Instruments, Regulations, Approved Codes of
Practice and legal guidance http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commonsinformation-office/l07.pdf
HSE guidance not included in legislation but may require a risk assessment
Management of Health and Safety at Work 1999 as amended
Five Point Risk Assessing
General Risk Assessment – Main Premises, buildings, outbuildings, parking
etc.
Employers Liability Insurance https://www.gov.uk/employers-liabilityinsurance Employers Liability (compulsory)Insurance:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/hse40.pdf
Public Liability Insurance
Vicarious Liability http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3715
Directors responsibilities: Leading health and safety at work http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg417.pdf
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974: 1, 2 and 37 – Employers Duty
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974: 7, 8 – Employees Duty
HSE guidance: Lone Worker Working Alone:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg73.pdf
PUWER 98 http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg291.pdf
HSE Guidance Use of work equipment including Company Cars
COSHH http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l5.pdf
Company Rules and Regulations
http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=4663 A guide to health and
safety regulations: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/hse49.pdf

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Self- Regulation: Audit Process or self monitoring
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
HSG 65 or HS 18001
Enforce: http://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/index.htm
PLAN: “This is how we intend to control and administer our work in a
structured manner”
PLAN – check these out https://www.gov.uk/write-business-plan
Managing Health and Safety HSG 65:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/hsg65.pdf
Governance
Risk Management
Corporate Social Responsibility
http://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/o/i/EEERF_March_2013_conference.p
df
Social Policies
Company Policies and Procedures
http://www.templatezone.com/download-free-ebook/office-policymanual-reference-guide.pdf
Five Step Risk Assessing: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg163.pdf
Consultation (Communication)
http://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/8/s/Employee_communications_consultationaccessible-version-July-2011.pdf
Supervision: http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3620

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BEHAVIOUR patterns of: Observe and Monitor “This is how we do it”
Mistakes and Errors http://www.hse.gov.uk/humanfactors/topics/types.pdf
Deviance
Near Misses
Violence at work: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg69.pdf
Managing Shift Work: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg256.pdf
Preventing Slips Trips and Falls:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg225.pdf
Managing causes of work related stress:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg218.pdf
Company vehicles: driving at work http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg382.pdf
ORGANISATION rational: “We want you to do this with these to produce that
safely”
Organisation Structure: Who is responsible for whom?
Systems (theory) used http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Systems_theory
Premises – shared who is a landlord?
http://www.hse.gov.uk/gas/landlords/who.htm
Workplace (Health Safety and Welfare) 1992:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l24.pdf
Individual, Job and Organisation HSG48: reducing errors and influencing
behaviour - http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg48.pdf
Participation: Involving your workforce in health and safety:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg263.pdf

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Notes for a working paper © 2014 Clive Burgess