The document discusses human population growth and population ecology. It provides age structure diagrams showing patterns of rapid, slow, zero, and negative population growth in different countries. Factors like births, deaths, and migration that determine population changes are identified. The document also discusses concepts like carrying capacity, logistic growth curves, r-selected and K-selected reproductive strategies, survivorship curves, ecological succession, and community structure.

1. Community Ecology Populations

3. Male Female Rapid Growth Guatemala Nigeria Saudi Arabia Slow Growth United States Australia Canada Male Female Ages 0-14 Ages 15-44 Ages 45-85+ © 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning

4. Zero Growth Spain Austria Greece Negative Growth Germany Bulgaria Sweden Male Female Male Female Ages 0-14 Ages 15-44 Ages 45-85+ © 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning

5. 6 100+ 95-99 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 Male Female Percent of population 1900 Age 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 US Population Growth

6. 100+ 95-99 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 Male Female Percent of population 2000 Age 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 100+ 95-99 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 Percent of population 2050 Age 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4

7. Age Age Females Males 1955 20 16 12 8 4 4 8 12 16 20 24 20 16 12 8 4 4 8 12 16 20 24 Females Males 1985 Millions Millions © 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning 1955

8. Age 24 20 16 12 8 4 4 8 12 16 20 20 Females Males Age Females Males 1955 24 20 16 12 8 4 4 8 12 16 20 20 2035 Millions Millions © 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning 2015

11. Population Growth Developing countries are expected to account for 97% of the population added from 1950 to 2100

20. U.S. 310,728,519 World 6,882,190,241

23. Economic Development Trade-Offs Good News Bad News Global life expectancy doubled since 1950 Life expectancy 11 years less in developing countries than in developed countries Food production ahead of population growth since 1978 Harmful environmental effects of agriculture may limit future food production Infant mortality cut in half since 1955 Air and water pollution down in most developed countries since 1970 Number of people living in poverty dropped 6% since 1990 Infant mortality rate in developing countries over 8 times higher than in developed countries Air and water pollution levels in most developing countries too high Half of world’s people trying to live on less than $3 (U.S.) per day

24. Ecological Footprint Humanity’s ecological footprint per person exceeds the earth’s biological capacity to replenish renewable resources and absorb waste by about 15%!!!

25. What is your Footprint? http://www.earthday.net/footprint/flash.html