The 2022 FIFA World Cup planned to be held in Qatar, will draw visitors from around the world to multiple cities in the small country. Qatar's government seeks to make Qatar a top tourist destination in the Middle East, and plans on leveraging the 2022 World Cup to showcase their opulence. However, there has been limited discussion and planning of achieving their lofty aspirations. In this honors independent research study, I worked with the department of Operations & Information Management in the Isenberg School of Management at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

1. Planning for a World Cup
Transportation Strategy
& Optimization
5/4/2014
FIFA 2022 – Qatar
Davies DeCesare-Fousek

2. Operations & Information Management
Overview of Qatar
• Highest per-capita income country
• Country w/ lowest unemployment
• Oil and gas
– 50% of GDP
– 85% of export earning
– 50% of government revenues
• Proved oil reserves > 24B barrels  57 years
• World’s 3rd
largest natural gas reserves (13%)

3. Operations & Information Management
Qatar 2022
• First Arab/Muslim country to host
– Largest, world most TV viewed sport event
– Smallest country ever to host
• Reflection of economic development
• Opportunity to promote Islamic culture
• Strengthen Arab football

4. Operations & Information Management
Host Cities
Not just one host city, but seven…
1) Doha
2) Al-Rayyan
3) Al-Daayen
4) Umm Sal
5) Al-Khor
6) Al-Wakrah
7) Al-Shamal

5. Operations & Information Management
Venues
• 12 Stadiums
– 9 new stadiums
– 3 renovations to existing
• 10/12 within 25km radius
• Minimum of 8, max of 12
• Several modular stadiums
– Deconstructed after 2022
– 170,000 seats donated to developing world

6. Operations & Information Management
Stadiums
Host
City
Stadium Capacity Status Use
Al-Daayen Lusail Iconic Stadium 86,250 To be built Opening match, group matches, round of 16,
quarter-final, semi-final, final
Al-Rayyan Khalifa International Stadium 50,000 Major renovation Group matches, round of 16, quarter-final,
semi-final
Doha Sports City Stadium 47,560 To be built Group matches, 3rd place play-off
Al-Rayyan Education City Stadium 45,350 To be built Group matches, round of 16
Al-Khor Al-Khor Stadium 45,330 To be built Group matches, round of 16
Al-Shamal Al-Shamal Stadium 45,120 To be built Group matches
Al-Wakrah Al-Wakrah Stadium 45,120 Construction
started
Group matches, round of 16
Umm Sal Umm Sal Stadium 45.120 To be built Group matches, round of 16, quarter-final
Doha Doha Port Stadium 44,950 To be built Group matches, round of 16, quarter-final
Doha Qatar University Stadium 43,520 To be built Group matches, round of 16
Al-Rayyan Al-Rayyan Stadium 21, 282 Major renovation Group matches
Al-Rayyan El-Gharafa Stadium 21, 282 Major renovation Group matches, round of 16

7. Al-Daayen
Lusail Iconic Stadium
Capacity: 86,250

8. Al-Rayyan
Khalifa International Stadium
Capacity:

9. Doha
Sports City Stadium
Capacity: 47,560

10. Al-Rayyan
Education City Stadium
Capacity:

11. Al-Khor
Al-Khor Stadium
Capacity:

12. Al-Shamal
Al-Shamal Stadium
Capacity:

13. Al-Wakrah
Al-Wakrah Stadium
Capacity:

14. Umm Sal
Umm Sal Stadium
Capacity:

15. Doha
Doha Port Stadium
Capacity:

16. Doha
Qatar University Stadium
Capacity:

17. Al-Rayyan
Al-Rayyan Stadium
Capacity:

18. Al-Rayyan
El-Gharafa Stadium
Capacity:

19. Operations & Information Management
Getting the World to Qatar
• World (204 nations) to 7 host cities
• 10 of 12 stadiums w/in 25km radius
• Transportation logistics need to be integrated/streamline
• Requires advanced information,

20. Operations & Information Management
Objectives
1. Safe, quick, reliable, sustainable transport
2. As little traffic disruptions as possible
3. A commitment to regulations of safety, health and the
environment
4. Position Doha as the trade and transportation hub
between Africa, Asia and Europe

21. Operations & Information Management
Investing In the Future
• $200B on new infrastructure
– $34B: rail and metro system
– $7B: port
– $17B: airport
– $4B: stadiums
• Min 8, max 12
– $45B: Lusail construction

22. Operations & Information Management
Approach
Two levels
1. International + National
2. Host city + last mile

23. Operations & Information Management
4 Level Integration
• International
– Air travel to access host country
– Sea port (Cruises)
• National
– Rail transportation logistics between cities for
international, national, regional
• Host City
– Internal transport
• Last Mile

24. Operations & Information Management
4 Level Integration
1) International
• Air (90%)
• Seaport (10%)
• Visa facilitation 2) National
• Rail
• Expressway
• Massive
upgrades
3) Region/Host city
• Metro
• Bus
• Accommodation
s 4) Last Mile
• Stadium
accessibility
• Traffic control
• Security control
Arrivals&Departures
CityOperations

25. Operations & Information Management
Transport Demand
Regional
Fans
International
(local)
International
(non-local)
Local
Local
Accommodation
Soccer matches
Night Events
Doha International Airport
Regional Transportation Hubs
Fan Fest
Tourist
Attractions

26. Operations & Information Management
Transport Demand
• Function of:
1. Stadium Size
2. Transport long/short split (max share metro/tram/bus + motorway
= air/rail capacity)
3. Accommodation supply (city/regional)
4. Ticketing (local vs international)

27. Operations & Information Management
Transport Demand
• 2,869,000 tickets
• 400,000+ people
• Ability to see several games a day
• Compact, tri-modal system
• Extensive and integrated passenger metro/rail systems are
key

28. Operations & Information Management
Host City Transport Model
Stadium
City
Center
Parking/s
huttles
Metro/tra
m/bus
FanFest
Airport
Seaport
ACC
ACC
ACC
Metro/tr
am/bus/
rail
station
High speed railway
Expressways
Main transport links

29. FIFA 2006
Germany
FIFA 2010
South Africa
FIFA 2014
Brazil
FIFA 2022
Qatar
Stadiums/Host Cities 12/12 10/9 12/12 12/7
Teams/Matches 32/64 32/64 32/64 32/64
Average intercity
distance
400km 700km 1500km 35km
Tickets offered/actual
sold
3.4M / 3.3M 3.4M / 3.2M ~ 3.5M ~ 2.7M
Average stadium
capacity
52,000 51,000 55,000 45,325
Transport model Compact
(Air + Rail +
Roadway)
Dispersed
(Air + Rail)
Widespread
(Air)
Compact/Dispersed
(Air + Rail +
Roadway)
Historical Comparison

30. Operations & Information Management
Accommodations
• 90,000 hotel rooms
• 24 venue specific team hotels
• 48 venue specific training sites
• Demand:
– Host city/region for officials
– Host city/region for fans/spectators/visitors

31. Operations & Information Management
Accommodations

32. Operations & Information Management
Airport
• Current Doha Airport
• New Doha International Airport (NDIA)
– $13B cost
– 6.5M sq. ft.
– 50M passengers/year
– 100 aircraft movements per hour
– 4,800 – 6,400 passengers per hour
– Primary gateway

33. Operations & Information Management
New Doha Port (NDP)
• South of Al-Wakrah
• Freight tonnage handling 10% annual growth
• Luxury passenger terminals
– Several cruise ships (6,000 people)
– Success during Asian Games
• Passenger ferries
– Bahrain to Al-Shamal
• Linked to rail network

34. Operations & Information Management
Metro/Rail
Integrated Rail System
Doha Metro Long Distance LRT
Red Line
Green Line
Gold Line
Blue Line
Long Distance
Passenger Rail
Long Distance
Passenger Rail
Lusail
West Bay

35. Operations & Information Management
Metro/Rail
• Integrated Rail System
– Doha Metro
– Light Rail System
– High Speed Rail
NDIA  Doha  Bahrain
– Freight Line
• East coast link to Gulf
States

36. Operations & Information Management
Doha Metro
• 4 Lines
– Red Coast Line
– Golden Historic Line
– Green Education
Line
– Blue City Line
• Stage 1 on track for
2018

37. Operations & Information Management
Lusail Light Rail
• 30.5km
– 37 stations
– 34 trains
• Tunneling finished, 60% of
station drilling complete
• On track for 2018

38. Operations & Information Management
High Speed Rail (HSR) Network
• 350km long
• 220–350km/h for passenger trains
• 120km/h for freight trains
• Doha  Bahrain (P – 51 min)
• Doha  Al Shamal (P&F)
• Doha  Dukhan (P&F)
• Port Mesaieed  Ras Laffan (P&F)

39. Operations & Information Management
Roadways
• Objectives
– Connect NDIA to all major cities
– Causeway to Bahrain
– Causeway to Abu Dhabi
• Cuts travel time
• Bypasses Saudi border

40. Operations & Information Management
The Expressway Program
• 900km of new road
• Vital transportation links
– Key cities, towns, and villages
– high quality national freeways and urban routes
• 240 major interchanges
– Conventional traffic lights, 4-level interchanges with tunnels and
flyovers
• 10 projects underway, 20 remaining

41. Operations & Information Management
Intelligent Transportation System
• Integrate technology into transportation infrastructure
• Deliver an optimized, integrated, managed system
• Provides accurate, reliable, user friendly information
– reduction in accidents
– improved incident detection and response
– reduction in congestion and delays
– environmentally responsible and sustainable roadway
– informed and satisfied travellers

42. Operations & Information Management
Intelligent Transportation System
• Government Vision: “By 2020, the State of Qatar will have
the most accessible, efficient, safe and technologically
advanced transportation network in the World.”
• Goals:
– Safety & Security
– Mobility & Access
– Sustainability
– Quality of Life

43. Operations & Information Management
US Standard Architecture Model

44. Operations & Information Management
A look at the past…
• Germany 2006
• South Africa 2010
• Brazil 2014

45. Operations & Information Management
Germany 2006
• “Green Goal”
• $5.15B invested in transportation
– 370km of new/expanded motorways
– Urban, regional and local rail routes comprehensively upgraded
– Installation of IT-supported traffic routing systems
• Drastic reduction in rail travel times
• No ongoing projects during world cup within 50km
• Free transport w/ ticket

46. Operations & Information Management
Germany 2006
• 1M expected, 2M actual visitors
• Largely congestion-free arrival and departure
• 77% of fans relied on public transportation
– 90% utilization in Berlin
• Use of signage to maximize ease of use

47. Operations & Information Management
Germany 2006 - Signage
• Guided target groups
• Unified use of signage throughout Germany (public+private)

48. Operations & Information Management
South Africa 2010
• 350-500k visitors
• $1.3B w/ target 50% public
• Focus on “green”
• Integrated Rapid Public Transport Networks
– Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
– Taxi recapitilization
– Cape town railway upgrades
– Park and ride + park and walk

49. Operations & Information Management
South Africa 2010
• Outcome:
– Bumpy at first  thousands of empty seats
– Smoothed out
– IBM: Johannesburg is the 5th most congested of the 20 large cities
– 25% park and ride -14% park and walk
– 10% rail transport -10% BRT
• Transportation legacy
– BRT has significantly improved QoL
– Significant acceleration of projects
– Promoted the adoption of public, private shared occupancy and non-
motorized transport modes

50. Operations & Information Management
Brazil 2014
• Outdated, over capacitated infrastructure riddled w/ delays
– 200% increase in traffic in past 5 years
– 131st in terms of infrastructure quality
• 600k visitors will strain airlines
• Investment target for 2014
– New metro lines
– Light Rail Vehicles (LRV)
– Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)

51. Operations & Information Management
Brazil 2014
• Uncertain Outlook
– Cancellations
– No rail link between airports
– Monorail linking airport to metro
• Judges halted work because of financial irregularity
• Poor feasibility studies and planning  no funding
• Didn’t execute planning until 2010

52. Operations & Information Management
Optimizing Qatar’s Transport System
• A chance to showcase Qatar’s development
• Massive planning into the transportation infrastructure,
stadiums and general development
• Limited thought of end user’s experience, and actually
utilizing available transportation
• Strong service design is vital

53. Operations & Information Management
Service Design
• End user: International or unfamiliar visitor
• May have negative view of public transport
• Needs mobility
– Up-to-date information, reach destination quickly and safely
• Maximize effectiveness of system
– Use of ITS
• Existing and planned systems
– Traveler Information Systems
• Pre-trip planning and active alerts
– Enhance the travel experience

54. Operations & Information Management
Service Design
Traffic Flows
Incidents
Road/Weathe
r Conditions
ITS
Modular
Info
Systems
Travel Times
Route
Guidance
Alternative
Routes

55. Operations & Information Management
How can pre-trip planning help?
• Convenient, comfortable way to determine best route
– Increases trip awareness
– Minimize waiting/transfer times
– Avoid congestion
• Obtaining info/tickets in advance
– Minimizing waiting times in obtaining info, ticketing, boarding
– Familiarity with security procedures
• Pre-purchase of tickets
– Demand Responsive Transport
– Add capacity as-needed

56. Operations & Information Management
Why does it matter?
• Confidence in transportation encourages use
– Preferred choice
– Travel independently, before and after
• Leads to increased economic activity
– Higher spending
– Improved traveler satisfaction
• Reduces environmental impact
– Decreased air pollution
– Fuel savings

57. Operations & Information Management
Example: Integrated Master Software

58. Operations & Information Management
Key components
• Delivery Channel
– Smartphone apps/web
– Online website
– Dynamic signs
– Print media (distributed w/ tickets)
– Kiosks
– On-Station display systems
– Telephone Information Systems
– Mobile-alerts

59. Operations & Information Management
Key components
• Content
– Schedule/timetables
– Route/transport maps
– Fare/ticket information
– Closest station on route
– Trip Planning Capability
• Alternate routes
– Incident alerts
• Alternate routes

60. Operations & Information Management
Essentials to strong design
• Consistency
– Inaccurate info is worse than no info
• Centralized information resource
• Managed traffic flow at stadium areas
• Pre-trip and en-route planning
• Focus on public transport modes

61. Operations & Information Management
Where Qatar wants to be

62. Operations & Information Management
What they’ve done
• Held 2 annual “Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and
Road Safety Forum”
– Organized by Ashgal partnered with the Ministry of Interior and the
National Traffic Safety Committee
• Studied 10 best practices of ITS implementations across the
world
• Late 2013 - issued pre-qualification document for
procurement of ITS for completion by 2022
• 3 I’s approach
– Informative, intelligent and integrated

63. Operations & Information Management
Doha Traffic Control Center - 2012
• Controls CCTV cameras and traffic signals at 150 junctions
• Varies cycle time, signal split, and offset at each controlled
intersection

64. Operations & Information Management
Major challenges
• Ambitious development programs on unprecedented scale in
small country
• Funds available  intelligent approach
– Logistical capacity
– Material supply and manpower
– Time frame
– Current infrastructure bottlenecks construction boom

65. Operations & Information Management
Conclusion
• Information Systems are critical
– System limited by data available
• Traveler information crucial for managing demand
– Real-time operational awareness, adaptability, readiness
• “Smart” city can propel economic growth
• Sustainability
– Reduction of traffic congestion, increased public transit use
– Lower emissions  scalable to demand

66. Operations & Information Management
Thank you

67. Operations & Information Management
References
1. 2022 FIFA World Cup Bid Evaluation Report: Qatar. Rep. FIFA, 14 May 2010. Web.
2. Al-Assaad, Fadi. "Infrastructure Main Challenge for Qatar World Cup." Reuters. N.p., 07 July 2011. Web.
3. Ashgal and Gannett Fleming. “Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Industry Briefing Event.” PowerPoint
Presentation. 19 Nov 2013.
4. Biedermann, Carlos, and Hazem Galal. Crunch Time for Brazilian Infrastructure. Rep. PwC, Mar. 2013. Web.
5. Davids, Gavin. "Qatar Issues New Tender for Phase I of Doha Metro." Big Project Middle East. N.p., 20 Mar.
2014. Web.
6. "Doha Implements Traffic Control System." ITS International. N.p., Sept. 2012. Web.
7. "Doha Metro Stations on Track for 2018 Completion." Construction Week Online Middle East. N.p., 12 Dec. 2013.
Web.
8. "The Expressway Programme." Ashgal. N.p., n.d. Web.
9. Gannett Fleming. “State of Qatar - ITS Master Plan and ITS Services” PowerPoint Presentation. Arizona. Sep
2012.
10. Insight into the Qatar Construction Market and Opportunities for Real Estate Developers. Rep. Deloitte, June
2013. Web.
11. J. Marienhagen. “Qatar Railways in Future – Design and Build under Special Conditions” PowerPoint
Presentation. 11 Feb 2013.
12. Kenyon, Peter. "Qatar Drives Forward with Doha Metro." Tunnel Talk. Direct Design, Dec. 2011. Web.
13. Kovessy, Peter. "Qatar Rail Releases Detailed Route Maps for Upcoming Rapid Transit System." Doha News.
N.p., 10 Dec. 2013. Web.
14. Naidoo, Thamashni. "Soccer World Cup 2010 Will Launch New Intelligent Transport Systems." Engineering
News. N.p., 10 June 2005. Web.

68. Operations & Information Management
References
15."Population." Qatar Information Exchange. Ministry of Development Planning & Statistics, 31 Jan. 2013. Web.
16. "Qatar Inks Enabling Works Deal at First World Cup Stadium." Arabian Business. N.p., 5 May 2014. Web.
17. "Qatar to Get Intelligent Transport System in Time for 2022 World Cup." ITS International. N.p., 19 Nov. 2012.
Web.
18. "Qatar's Huge Infrastructure Projects." Arabian Business. N.p., 27 Feb. 2013. Web.
19. Review by the Federal Government on the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Rep. Federal Ministry of the Interior, 14 Aug.
2006. Web.
20. Shane, Daniel. "Qatar Says World Cup 2022 Will Attract 1m Visitors." Arabian Business. N.p., 4 Dec. 2013.
Web.
21. South Africa 2010 Report. Rep. United Nations Environment Programme, Aug. 2012. Web.
22. Spong, Rebecca, Rob Shaw, and John Parnell. "Special Report: Qatar." Middle East Business Intelligence (n.d.):
n. pag. MEED, 23 Nov. 2012. Web.
23. Winterstein, Paulo. "New Brazil World Cup Woe: Transport." The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, 2
Feb. 2014. Web.
24. Zegrea, Cristina, and Hala Matar Choufany. Doha In Focus: Welcoming FIFA World Cup 2022. Rep. HVS Global
Hospitality Services, Oct. 2013. Web.