1. CDMA2000—A world view
Johan Langer and Gwenn Larsson
The world’s first CDMA2000 networks were launched in Korea in October while maintaining the 1.25 MHz band-
2000, providing 144 kbit/s data rates to subscribing customers and deliv- width. Operators and manufactures soon re-
ering nearly twice the voice capacity that operators experienced with their alized that there were inherent cost, back-
cdmaOne (IS-95) systems. The success of the CDMA2000 1X system in ward compatibility and timing advantages
Korea has encouraged many operators in the Americas and Asia to follow in keeping with the 1.25 MHz bandwidth
for evolution. Thus, CDMA2000 3X has
through with their plans to launch CDMA2000 this year.
now been put on the wayside until market
The authors outline some of the products and describe product advan- demands make it necessary to migrate to a
tages that Ericsson CDMA customers will gain when rolling out Ericsson’s widerband carrier (3.75 MHz).
CMS 11 R3 to provide third-generation services early next year. The
authors also describe some of the key enablers in CMS 11 R3. 1xEV-DO
The two phases of 1xEV are labeled
1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV. DO stands for
data only; DV stands for data and voice.
Updates in the evolution CDMA2000 1xEV-DO was standardized by
the Telecommunications Industry Associa-
of CDMA2000 tion (TIA) in October 2000. 1xEV-DO was
Since the spring of 2000, the evolution of recently recognized by the ITU-R WP8F as
third-generation CDMA systems has an IMT-2000 standard. Formal approval is
changed dramatically. Previously, the in- expected to be granted in November, when
dustry was focused on a widerband approach the standard is submitted to ITU-R SG-8.
to high data rates—commonly referred to as Ericsson has made significant contributions
CDMA2000 3X or 3XRTT. The 3X stan- to the standard, including the provisions for
dard has now been superseded by a two- handoff and interoperability with the
phase strategy called CDMA2000 1xEV, CDMA2000 1X standard.
where 1xEV stands for 1X evolution, or evo- 1xEV-DO can provide customers with
lution using 1.25 MHz. Today’s peak data rates of 2.4 Mbit/s. To implement
CDMA2000 1X systems are based on a stan- 1xEV-DO, operators will have to install a
dard 1.25 MHz carrier for delivering high separate carrier that is dedicated to data-
data rates and increased voice capacity only use at each cell location where high-
(Figure 1). speed data services are demanded. Howev-
Advances in the industry and engineering er, customers will be able to handoff seam-
prowess contributed to new proposals for lessly from a 1X to a 1xEV-DO carrier (Fig-
higher data throughput and more capacity ure 2).
Figure 1 IS-2000 1X 144 kbit/s,
CDMA standards evolution. 600 kbit/s peak
IS-95-B CDMA IS-2000 1xEV – DO
IS-95-A CDMA voice, packet – 600 kbit/s, 2.4 Mbit/s peak
voice, packet – 64 kbit/s
9.6/14.4 kbit/s IS-2000 1xEV-DV
2–5 Mbit/s peak
IP
PCN/Mobile
CDMA2000
nction
Interworking fu
CDMA2000
All IP
cdmaOne
150 Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001

2. The first 1xEV-DO systems will be
launched in 2002, approximately 18 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DO
months after the launch of the first
CDMA2000 1X system. Ericsson products
1X 1X
are scheduled for delivery in late 2002 as
part of CMS 11 R4.
Scan the 1X Packet data
carrier handoff performed
1xEV-DV
The second phase of the 1xEV standardiza-
tion is currently underway, and a goal has 1xEV-DO
been set to complete the 1xEV-DV standard
by the end of 2001. Several proposals are on
1X
the table for this phase of third-
generation CDMA. Operator requirements,
laid out with the help of the CDMA Devel- Packet data
handoff performed
opment Group (CDG), focus on providing
high-speed data and voice on one carrier—
thereby eliminating the need for a separate Figure 2
carrier. Also, provisions should be made for The CDMA2000 1X and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO interworking function provides faster
end-user data connections.
delivering
• real-time packet-data services; and
• better mechanisms for guaranteeing a
given quality of service.
Likewise, improved average throughput and out, lower costs, and guarantee easily main-
peak rates are expected as well as greater ca- tained backward compatibility with previ-
pacity for voice. These are lofty goals for a ous systems. 1xEV-DV systems are antici-
standardization body that must deliver all pated to be available in 2003 or 2004.
this using the same 1.25 MHz carrier, but
many people feel that the goals can be at- Core network evolution
tained. While the media focus seems to be primar-
It is too early to confirm what the final ily on the air-interface evolution of
standard for 1xEV-DV will offer CDMA op- CDMA2000, other standards groups, name-
erators and customers, but continued evo- ly the Third-generation Partnership Project
lution with 1.25 MHz will speed up roll- Two (3GPP2) and TIA, are quietly and dili-
BOX A, TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
1X From CDMA2000 1X (IS- DSSS Direct-sequence spread PCN Packet core network
2000), derived from 1XRTT, spectrum PDA Personal digital assistant
signifying 1 x 1.25 MHz carrier GSM Global system for mobile PDSN Packet data service node
1xEV 1X evolution communication QoS Quality of service
1xEV-DO 1xEV data only HA Home agent RAN Radio access network
1xEV-DV 1xEV data and voice HLR Home location register RBS Radio base station
3GPP/3GPP2 Third-generation Partnership IDAE Integrated distributed RNC Radio network controller
Project/Two application environment RNM Radio network manager
3X From CDMA2000 3X (IS-2000- IEEE Institute of Electrical and SCP Service control point
A), derived from 3XRTT, sig- Electronics Engineers SDK Software development kit
nifing 3 x 1.25 MHz carriers IETF Internet Engineering Task Force SLA Service level agreement
AAA Authentication, authorization IOS Interoperability standard SMS Short message service
and accounting IP Internet protocol SMS-C SMS center
AC Authentication center IRP Integration reference point TDMA Time-division multiple access
ANSI American National Standards ITU International Telecommunication TIA Telecommunications Industry
Institute Union Association
API Application program interface IWF Interworking function TMN Telecommunications manage-
ATM Asynchronous transfer mode LAN Local area network ment network
BSC Base station controller MCPA Multicarrier power amplifier WAP Wireless application protocol
BSS Base station subsystem MIP Mobile IP WCDMA Wideband CDMA
CDG CDMA Development Group MSC Mobile switching center WIN Wireless intelligent network
CDMA Code-division multiple NMS Network management system WLAN Wireless LAN
access OAM&P Operation, administration, main- WML WAP markup language
CPP Cello packet platform tenance, and provisioning WSN WLAN serving node
Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001 151

3. External Services
network
Network management
E- Applications
iPulse PSTN
commerce SCP
Terminals
Prepaid
Location Messaging/
services IP Multimedia
network HLR/AC
ANSI-41 server
IWF network
WAP
server SMS,
OTASP
PCN MSC
WSN AAA HA PDSN UM/VMS
BSC BSC
Access
network Access Access
network network
RBS
Figure 3 WLAN
CDMA2000 cdmaOne
Total CDMA solution.
gently working on the core network evolu- be commercially available in 2002. Many of
tion of CDMA2000, which starts with the the products have been built from the
introduction of a packet core network and ground up or have been taken from the glob-
evolves all the way to a system that can de- al technology platform used for WCDMA.
liver services using IP protocols from end to This gives Ericsson a lead over the compe-
end. Ericsson has been a key contributor to tition. Also, the macro radio base station
this work, primarily by bringing in exper- (RBS) designs in a micro package continue
tise from the standardization of all-IP in to lead the CDMA industry in many ways.
3GPP. The evolution to all-IP for With CMS 11 R3 products, key changes
CDMA2000 systems is based on existing will be made in the fundamentals of CDMA,
Internet protocols and standards. The work including higher-speed data capabilities,
in 3GPP2 is also closely tied to work in the always-on connectivity, and vastly im-
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). proved voice capacity. A new system node,
As core networks evolve, synergies be- the packet core network (PCN), has been in-
tween CDMA2000 and WCDMA net- troduced for connection to the IP network
works will be beneficial to global operators (Figure 3). These fundamental product
and to the industry as a whole. Interoper- changes will benefit both cdmaOne and
ability in the network between various air TDMA operators who migrate their net-
interfaces and other access media will be- works to CDMA2000.
come more and more important as wireless
service providers expand the scope of their Radio access network
telecommunications businesses through CMS 11 R3 is a commercial radio access net-
partnerships and increased service offer- work (RAN) product that implements the
ings. Ericsson has already begun laying out IS-2000-A standard for CDMA wireless
product plans for future releases of communication. The CMS 11 is a third-
CDMA2000 core network components. generation mobile communications system
that is capable of supporting the communi-
cation needs of mobile users in a third-
Ericsson’s CDMA2000 generation environment. The Ericsson radio
1X products access network uses an IS-2000 air interface
Ericsson’s CDMA2000 1X products are part and the ANSI-41 core network. (Re-use of
of the CMS 11 R3 product plans, which will components in the ANSI-41 network are es-
152 Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001

4. pecially beneficial to TDMA operators who
plan to implement CDMA2000 for RF 4
third-generation services.) The RAN, RF 3
which consists of the BSC 1120 (base sta- RF 2
tion controller, BSC), the RBS 1127, and
the radio network manager (RNM), is RF 1
interoperable with switches from numerous cdmaOne
vendors via the interoperability standard RBS 1107
(IOS) interface. Ericsson’s third-generation compact RF RF 4
RF 2 RF 4
CDMA2000 radio access network RF 4
RF 2
(CDMA2000 RAN) makes it possible to RF 3 RF 2
offer advanced mobile multimedia applica- RF 1 RF 3
tions between user equipment (mobile CDMA2000 RF 1 RF 3
phones, terminals, personal digital assis- ASIC and software RF 1
tants, and laptops) and a packet core net-
work linked to Internet applications.
Radio base station Global
Ericsson is the world leader in the design of platform technology RBS 112
components 7
compact, large-capacity radio base stations main unit
CDMA2000
for all CDMA standards. All of Ericsson’s compact RBS
RBS products offer the most advanced tech-
nology available in attractive, compact
Figure 4
models. The highly scalable RBS 1127 Compact, whose performance-to size ratio is the best in the
The RBS 1127, which is one of Ericsson’s industry.
CDMA2000 radio base stations, is targeted
for use in a broad range of small-to-large-
capacity applications, supporting a maxi-
mum configuration of four radio frequency
(RF) carriers with three sectors per carrier.
Compared to IS-95 base stations, the main and remote units are small enough to
RBS 1127 provides nearly twice the voice be easily mounted to a pole, tower, wall or
capacity per carrier. It also provides quick other suitable surfaces. Operators can first
paging and higher data rates as defined by deploy a single carrier cell, and later, in a
the IS-2000 (CDMA2000) standard. Being cost-effective manner, increase the capacity
economical and scalable, the RBS 1127 pro- of the RBS 1127 as the capacity of the cell
vides multi-carrier capability in a low- increases.
profile and compact solution, and allows for
low-cost growth through the deployment of Base station controller
additional remote units. What is more, the The BSC 1120 is the latest base station con-
RBS 1127 has been designed to provide high troller from Ericsson’s new line of products
reliability and to accommodate future built for the CDMA2000 network. The
CDMA2000 capabilities, such as 1xEV. Its BSC 1120 is a modern, high-availability
design has been optimized for rapid instal- base station controller built on the Cello
lation and ease of maintenance, in order to packet platform (CPP), which is Ericsson’s
limit capital and operating expenses. It sup- asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) trans-
ports both the 800 MHz and 1900 MHz fre- port and control platform. The CPP is used
quency bands, and is IS-2000- and IS-95- in a wide range of products, such as the
compliant to, as well as backward compati- CDMA2000 RBS, WCDMA RNC,
ble with, existing IS-95-based mobile sta- WCDMA RBS, media gateways, and IP
tions. routers.
The RBS 1127 Compact is an indoor/out- When designing the BSC 1120, the de-
door radio base station that consists of one velopers wanted to make it modular and
main unit and up to six remote units. As cost-effective both for small and large sys-
shown in Figure 4, each remote unit can sup- tems. The product’s modular architecture
port one sector and up to two RF carriers. supports growth in traffic channel capacity
An additional remote unit can be deployed from as few as 96 channels to as many as
in each sector to support up to four RF car- 6,144, which makes the BSC 1120 ex-
riers in a three-sector configuration. The tremely scalable.
Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001 153

5. Carriers Ericsson Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 the potential of their existing switch in-
vestments and create competition through
the rapid evolution of equipment and tech-
4:1 4:1 7:1 nology. They also give operators the free-
1x3 dom to choose from among various suppli-
ers for optimum system performance and
price. By choosing a standardized open in-
terface, operators can ensure interoperabili-
4:1 4:1 7:1 ty now and in the future through a clear mi-
2x3
gration path to other IOS devices.
Differentiation from the competition
An analysis made of competitive offerings
2:1 3:1 4:1
3x3 for CDMA2000 infrastructure showed that
Ericsson is in the lead, especially when it
comes to the footprint-to-capacity ratio of
infrastructure. This ratio is a way of mea-
suring the overall size of the offered infra-
4:1 3:1 N/T structure with the overall performance (ca-
4x3
pacity, number of carriers, and so on.)
or = 5 cu.ft. or 142 ltr or 1 minibar refrigerator
Ericsson’s CDMA2000 offering thus leads
the industry in terms of the RBS, BSC and
mobile switching center (Figure 5).
Figure 5
RBS performance-to-size comparison. The RBS 1127 Compact delivers three times as The Ericsson 1120 BSC also leads the
much performance (number of carriers) per unit of space. CDMA industry in terms of footprint-to-
capacity: Ericsson can provide its customers
with 7,500 erlangs of support in just three
racks, thanks to a brand new platform for
third-generation services. Most competitors
are solely offering upgrades to existing, large
second-generation BSCs. Ericsson is thus
leap-frogging ahead of the competition with
The BSC 1120 has been designed with new performance-enhancing and space-
high availability as an integral part of the saving products (Figure 6).
hardware and software architecture. There
are no single points of failure in the hard- Mobile switching center
ware architecture. Each shelf in the unit sup- The CMS 11 R3 introduces CDMA2000 1X
ports the ability to hot-swap boards and support in the mobile switching center
power supplies. All software components are (MSC) along with several other software fea-
either distributed (n+1 redundancy) or have tures. The MSC Version 3 software for
hot-standby counterparts (1+1 redundan- cdmaOne and CDMA2000 networks can be
cy). The resulting product is 99.999 percent applied to both the CMX64 and CMX3G
available with at least 50% of maximum ca- platforms.
pacity fully operational. Total system down- Release 3.2 includes version 3 of the MSC
time is less than six minutes per year. More- software features. Enhanced capabilities in-
over, the BSC 1120 does not require any clude support for the CDG IOS version 4.0
total system downtime during software up- for cdmaOne and CDMA2000 interoper-
grades. ability, and much more. Feature compati-
The Ericsson BSC 1120 has been designed bility with ANSI-41 services is also a plus
to be compliant with IOS 4.0. This gives for TDMA operators who migrate to
service providers the freedom to build their CDMA2000.
networks using the best available products
from other IOS-compliant equipment ven- Internet services platform and mobile
dors. Ericsson’s CDMA2000 RAN is Internet enablers
uniquely positioned to provide a plug-and- Several new nodes or node enhancements
play wireless system that can connect to a will be available to Ericsson’s CDMA cus-
variety of switching platforms, including tomers, enabling them to offer advanced
switches from Alcatel, Nortel and Lucent. calling and mobile Internet services, and to
Open systems allow operators to maximize build a multi-access Internet services net-
154 Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001

6. work. CMS 11 R1 and R2 introduced the Racks
AXC 700 interworking function (IWF),
which is necessary for providing IS-9-A data
25
services. This application functionality Ericsson
(provided in software) runs on the Tigris Competitors (estimated weighted average)
AccessOS; thus, the AXC 700 IWF provides 20
smooth migration from second- to third-
generation networks. The interworking 15
function, for example, can be upgraded to
support the packet data service node
10
(PDSN) function in the packet core net-
work. An added benefit of the AXC 700
IWF is the flexibility it affords operators in 5
redeploying and reconfiguring the hardware
platform to meet changing application re-
0
quirements. cdmaOne BSC CDMA2000 BSC CDMA2000 BSC CDMA2000 BSC
Ericsson’s CDMA mobile Internet and 2,500 erlangs 2,500 erlangs 7,500 erlangs 10,000 erlangs
data solutions give customers the opportu-
nity to enhance their current service offer- Figure 6
ing and to find new avenues for adding usage Ericsson’s cdmaOne BSC and CDMA2000 BSC performance-to-size comparison relative
minutes, new subscriber services, and most to the industry average.
importantly, new subscribers. Ericsson is
also establishing partnerships with applica-
tion and content providers to give customers
end-to-end solutions for data services. All of with Mobile IP (MIP) as a fundamental part
Ericsson’s service-network and data- of the architecture. The use of Mobile IP en-
enabling products are based on industry- ables true Internet mobility. The open in-
standard open interfaces to ensure compat- terface to the radio access network uses the
ibility in multi-vendor environments. IOS R-P interface.
Packet core network
Ericsson’s CDMA2000 packet core network
is the cornerstone of end-to-end IP-based
wireless services in a CDMA2000 network
Figure 7
(Figure 7). The PCN product line enables The nodes of the packet core network (PCN):
operators to capture the full revenue streams · packet data service node (PDSN);
from the CDMA2000 network as well as cir- · home agent (HA); and
cuit mode fax and data services. The packet · authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA)..
core network links the radio access network
with rapidly evolving services using IP net-
CPP with home
works, such as the public Internet, a private agent functionality
operator IP service network, Internet service
providers, corporate intranets, wireless local Mobile operator
area networks (LAN), or any other IP net- network
work. PCN products—also referred to as HA
nodes—are the PDSN, home agent (HA),
and the authentication, authorization and BSC PDSN
accounting (AAA) policy framework. The
PDSN and HA—which are the payload- AAA
handling nodes—have been developed on
Ericsson’s access routers. The IP policy man-
agement capability that resides in AAA pro-
vides operators with a flexible and efficient
tool for launching new services in their net- TSP/JAMBALA
works. Service innovation and customer care AXC 706
AAA server
are critical factors for success in capturing Broadband access
new revenues and retaining customers. concentrator with
PDSN functionality
Ericsson’s packet core network for
CDMA2000 supports wireless mobility
Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001 155

7. Wireless LAN In CMS 11 R3, Ericsson also offers a uni-
The Ericsson set of direct-sequence spread fied messaging solution that handles any
spectrum (DSSS) wireless LAN (Figure 8) kind of message. It is based on an open, scal-
products will be introduced in CMS 11 R3. able and easy-to-use architecture with stan-
The use of Mobile IP protocols in dard interfaces and protocols. With unified
CDMA2000 packet core networks has en- messaging, end-users are free to manage all
abled quick integration of Ericsson’s messages, such as voice, text, fax and video,
WLAN products. anywhere and anytime. All messages are
The wireless LAN provides a bridging ar- stored in one mailbox. Subscribers access
chitecture between radio and wired net- their mailboxes through a number of inter-
works. The products, which will operate in faces such as the Web, an e-mail client, a
the license-free frequency band between 2.4 WAP browser or the device user interface.
and 2.5 GHz, are based on the IEEE 802.11b The messages are thus accessible from any
standard. The product has been integrated type of device (mobile or fixed phone, PDA
into CDMA2000 through the new wireless or PC). In Ericsson’s unified messaging so-
LAN serving node (WSN). Wireless LAN lution, every message is considered an e-mail
provides complementary mobility to message. Audio (including voice), fax, and
CDMA customers. In the future, when it is video messages are stored as e-mail attach-
combined with Bluetooth, the complete cir- ments. End-users can send, forward and
cle of coverage (local, personal, and wide- store any type of message just as they would
area) can be obtained for all locations and with regular e-mail. Unified messaging-
services demanded by wireless users. over-IP has connectivity to GSM, TDMA,
CDMA, WCDMA and GPRS. Likewise, it
Internet services platform easily integrates into other mobile Internet
Ericsson’s Internet services platform will be services, such as portals, m-commerce, in-
made up of basic enabling nodes, applica- formation, communication and customer-
tions, and consulting services. The primary care systems.
service enablers will be wireless application The WAP gateway bridges the gap be-
protocol (WAP) gateways, mobile position- tween the Internet and wireless networks for
ing centers, wireless intelligent network- handsets and terminals whose display and
ing/service control points (WIN/SCP), and performance attributes differ from those of
short message service centers (SMS-C). Ser- personal computers. It implements the
vice network platform solutions will consist WAP standard by optimizing data for wire-
of messaging services, iPulse, mobile posi- less networks and by taking into considera-
tioning services, mobile e-commerce, and tion the form factor of wireless devices. The
service network management (including WAP gateway connects any WAP-
billing mediation, and service provision- compliant terminal to any Web server on
ing). the Internet or an intranet. It can access na-
The TSP, which WCDMA, GSM, TDMA tive WAP markup language (WML) con-
Figure 8 and wireline systems share, is another ex- tent or convert hypertext markup language
Integration of wireless LAN and CDMA. ample of Ericsson’s global platform strate- (HTML) into WML content for multiple
Wide area Local area
gy. This core technology platform, based on types of bearers, such as circuit-switched
network network the TelORB operating system, provides a data, packet data and short message service.
telecommunications operating environ- The WAP gateway will give operators the
ment for applications such as the home lo- ability to offer a variety of wireless data ser-
cation register (HLR), authentication cen- vices, which will add service differentiation
Personal ter (AC), and service control point (SCP), through new and exciting applications.
area network
and will be used to deliver a host of other These services can be a significant asset in
advanced applications. The HLR, AC, and attracting additional clients and reducing
SCP can be co-located on the same, shared- customer churn.
hardware TSP application platform, which
increases its value as a cost-effective solu- OAM&P solutions for CDMA
cdmaOne Bluetooth tion. Importantly, it has been developed on Ericsson’s operation, administration, main-
CDMA2000 WLAN standard interfaces and is being deployed in tenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) solu-
networks based on several different digital tion for CDMA allows customers to effi-
wireless technologies as well as for wireline ciently manage their network planning, ser-
systems. One of its main benefits is scala- vice provisioning, service assurance, and
bility, a feature that allows operators to pay billing and customer-care processes. The
as they grow. network-wide integrated OAM&P solution
156 Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001

8. includes fault management, configuration
management, performance management, se-
curity management, and access to external
Customers
business- and service-management systems
ses
through the service provisioning and billing ro ces
mediation gateways. The goal of Ericsson’s ent p
em
Se
nag
rv
OAM&P offering is
ic
a
e
dm
an
en
d
-to-
Se
• to manage the operations in a cost-
ne
tw
rv
End
or
ic
k
e
effective way;
pl
as
an
Se
su
ni
ng
ra
rv
• to proactively adapt to the changing busi-
nc
ic
e
e
fu
ness environment;
Cu
llf
illm
st
• to deploy services faster to the market; and
om
en
t
er
t
• to integrate into external systems through ess en
sin em
ca
Bu anag
re
open standards. m
an
t ts
en en
d
The solution complies with the telecommu- e
rvic em
bi
Se anag
m
ele
llin
nications management network (TMN) ent
ork
m
g
g em
model, provides the necessary functions at ana tw
km Ne
the element-management and network- two
r nt
Ne e me
management layers, and interacts with the N ent nag
service- and business-management layers. TM agem ma
an e nt
m rs lem
Being based on industry standards and lay
e E
open platforms, the solution provides the
flexibility and scalability that is necessary to
effectively manage future network expansion
in terms of size, capacity, and services. What Figure 9
is more, the use of open standard interfaces The OAM&P solution maps TMN layers to end-to-end management processes.
and protocols ensures compatibility with
current and future application systems sup-
plied by Ericsson and other vendors. The
CDMA2000 OAM&P solution uses differ-
ent products from a range of internal research
and development (R&D) resources (such as
WCDMA and GSM) to provide common
management functions across multi-
standard networks. These products have
been complemented by best-of-breed appli-
cations from strategic partners and joint ven- Japan and Korea. All radio access network
tures. products introduced in R3 will support the
The main function of Ericsson’s OAM&P evolution of CDMA2000 1X to 1xEV-DO.
solution is to provide element management, Also, a new macro RBS will be introduced
network management, and gateways to the for extremely dense urban areas. And more
service- and business-management layers of emphasis will be put on mobile Internet ser-
the TMN model (Figure 9). Ericsson also of- vices and the Internet services platform.
fers complementary solutions that specifical- Follow-on releases will focus on multi-
ly cover the service- and business- carrier power amplifiers (MCPA) and the
management layers. The product portfolio of- separation of control and connectivity func-
fering also provides support for the end-to- tions from the MSC.
end management of business processes (ser-
vice fulfillment, service assurance, service and CMS 11 R4
network planning, customer care and billing) The main focus of CMS 11 R4 will be to
that cover all the management layers. provision CDMA2000 1xEV-DO capabili-
ties in Ericsson’s CDMA products. By
adding new channel cards and software, all
Coming CDMA2000 RBS 1127 products introduced in R3 can
offerings be upgraded to support 1xEV-DO. The
CMS 11 R4 will provide the necessary BSC 1120 will solely require software up-
follow-on support for the evolution of grades. A new RBS—the RBS 1130—will
CDMA2000 1X as well as support for also be introduced. It will be able to support
CDMA2000 at 2 GHz—a requirement in eleven 1.25 MHz carriers, using 15 MHz of
Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001 157

9. Indoor/outdoor spectrum in a three-sector configuration. quality of service (QoS), which is a prereq-
product The RBS 1130 will be built using elements uisite for end-to-end IP services.
configurations
Fuse panel
of the RBS 1127 as well as from Ericsson’s On the air-interface side, 1xEV-DV will
Connection field global platform for RAN products (Figure evolve. In all likelihood, the air interface will
CDMA2000
10). offer twice the current voice capacity, peak
RF unit As part of CMS 11 R4, emphasis will be data rates beyond 2.4 Mbit/s, and average
(from RBS 1127) put on the Internet services platform, giv- data rates in excess of 1 Mbit/s. Full
ing customers new ways of rapidly and cost- multimedia/multiservice capability will be
effectively deploying mobile Internet appli- available on each 1xEV-DV carrier. As be-
CDMA2000
channel cards cations. Ericsson’s CDMA Internet services fore, operators will be able to upgrade their
(from RBS 1127) platform uses a horizontally layered system RBS products simply by adding new chan-
architecture with shared components ac- nel cards and software; the BSC 1120 will
cording to the principles of the integrated solely require a software upgrade. Ericsson
Global distributed application environment also has plans to introduce a pico RBS in
platform technology
components (IDAE). It is also based on an open system conjunction with 1xEV-DV. This RBS will
CDMA2000 architecture that draws on the software de- be a low-power, low-density base station de-
RBS 1130 velopment kit (SDK) and open application signed for pico-cell applications. Indoor and
program interfaces (API). outdoor installation will be supported.
Figure 10
The Macro RBS 1130 supports eleven Future releases
1.25 MHz carriers or 15 MHz of spectrum. Future releases of CMS 11 will center
Conclusion
around support of the evolution to all-IP, IS-95-based CDMA systems will continue
and the next phase of 1xEV—that is, of to be based on a standard 1.25 MHz carri-
1xEV-DV. The evolution to all-IP and the er. 1X and 1xEV will satisfy CDMA opera-
separation of the connectivity and control tors’ needs for data throughput and capaci-
layers will begin with the splitting of MSC ty over the next five years. Ericsson’s
functions. Media gateway nodes will be in- CMS 11 solutions for each phase of
troduced to provide an IP interface to the CDMA2000 are well positioned to provide
backbone transmission. The media gate- competitive offerings both locally and glob-
way can provide synchronous transfer ally. By enabling the mobile Internet with
mode- (STM), ATM- and IP-based inter- a leading CDMA2000 solution, Ericsson is
faces to the CDMA2000 radio network. Ex- opening up new markets and revenue op-
ternally, the media gateway will portunities for its customers.
provide STM/ATM connections to the Ericsson has the means to support present-
PSTN/ISDN, and IP connections to Inter- day and future third-generation services
net service providers, company intranets, thanks to its leadership in packet networks
and private or public voice-over-IP do- and service network enablers. All Ericsson
mains. In its new role, the MSC server will products are based on open interfaces. By
control the mobile system, including mo- combining these advantages with compact
bility management, call management and radio access products, Ericsson ensures its
set-up, call feature delivery, and resource customers of always-online, always-
management in the network. In time, other connected functionality and direct access to
new nodes, as specified by 3GPP2, will all types of service network from IP and ATM
provide multimedia services with high to traditional circuit-switched networks.
TRADEMARKS
cdmaOne is a registered trademark of the
CDMA Development Group (CDG).
CDMA2000 is a trademark of the Telecommu-
nications Industry Association (TIA).
Tigris AccessOS is a trademark owned by Tele-
fonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson, Sweden.
158 Ericsson Review No. 3, 2001