This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdominal region in 3 sentences or less per section. It begins with the bones, muscles and diaphragm of the abdominal wall. Next, it details the abdominal aorta and its branches, as well as the portal and inferior vena cava veins. The remainder of the document describes the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs section by section, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys and more. Clinical cases are also mentioned. Diagrams and cross-sectional images supplement the textual descriptions.

1. „Selected Chapters from the
Cross-Sectional Anatomy
of the Human Body”
Abdominal anatomy
András Jakab MD, Levente István Lánczi MD

3. Structure of the lecture -
abdomen
 Bones and Muscles
 Abdominal aorta and its branches; veins
 The GIT – from esophagus to rectum
 Intraabdominal organs (liver, spleen, kidneys,
pancreas)
 Clinical cases

4. Bones &
muscles

5. diaphragm
quadratus
lumborum m.
psoas major m.
iliacus m.
transverse
abdominal m.

6. rectus abdominis external oblique
m. abdominal m.
linea alba intercostal mm.
The structure
of the external oblique
abdominal m.
abdominal wall
Internal
oblique
psoas major m. abdominal
m.
transverse
abdominal
m.
quadratus
lumborum m.
longissimus
thoracis m.

8. T12

9. L1

10. L2

11. L3

12. L5

13. Abdominal aorta and its
branches
 Parietal braches
(paired)
 lumbal aa.
 median sacral a.
 Paired, visceral
branches
 middle suprarenal a.
 renal a.
 testicular/ovarian a.

14. Impaired visceral branches of
abdominal aorta
 Impaired visceral branches
 celiac tr. T12 –L1
 left gastric a.
 splenic a.
 short gastric aa.
 left gastro-omental artery
 common hepatic a.
 gastroduodenal a.
 right gastro-omental artery
 proper hepatic a.
 superior mesenteric a.
 inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
 jejunal and ileal aa.
 ileocolic a.
 right colic a.
 middle colic a.
 Inferior mesenteric a.
 left colic a.
 sigmoid aa.
 superior rectal a.

15. a. gastrica sinistra
a. hepatica
communis
tr. coeliacus
a. lienalis

16. Left gastrica a.
Common hepatic a.
Gastroduodenal a.
Proper hepatic a.
Right gastric a.
Splenic a.
Right and left
Superior posterior
gastro-omental aa.
pancreaticoduodenal a.

17. Superior mesenteric artery
and its branches
Middle colic a.
Marginal artery of the colon
(Drummond)
Right colic a.
Ileocolic a.
cecal &
appendicular aa.

18. Inferior mesenteric artery
and its branches
Marginal artery of the
colon (Drummond)
Left colic a.
Sigmoid aa.
Superior rectal a.

19. Veins
 Portal vein
 Splenic v.
 Superior mesenteric v.
 Inferior mesenteric v.
 Inferior vena cava
 Hepatic vv.
 Suprarenal v.
 Renal vv.
 Testicular/ovarian v.

20. T12
L1

21. L1

22. L2

23. L3

24. The Gastrointestinal
Tract

25. Esophagus

26. The
Stomach, Duodenum
and Pancreas

27. The stomach
Anatomy
• cardia
• fundus
• body
• pylorus
Arteries (celiac tr.)
• Left gastric a. (tc)
• Right gastric a. (hc)
• Left gastro-omental a. (l)
• Right gastro-omental a. (gd)
• Short gastric aa. (l)

28. The stomach
Anatomical landmarks
cardia: Th11
pylorus: L1
fundus: gastric air sac
Neighbouring structures
liver, spleen, left
kidney, diaphargm, transver
se colon, pancreas

29. Duodenum
Parts
 Superior part
 Superior doudenal flexure
 Descending part
 Inferior doudenal flexure
 Inferior part

30. Duodenum
Anatomical landmarks
pylorus: L1
Descending part: L1-3
Neighbouring
structures
liver, gall bladder, right
kidney, transverse
colon, pancreas head

31. The pancreas
Anatomy parts
• head
– uncinate process
• body
• cauda
Ducts
• major pancreatic duct
• minor pancreatic duct
• Vater papilla
Arteries
• superior pancreatoduodenal a. (ct)
• inferior pancreatoduodenal a. (ms)

32. Ducts
of the pancreas and the gall bladder

33. diaphragm
AD
The abdomen G
Pancreas head VP L1
Transverse colon
duodenum IVC
Superior mesenteric a.
L5
jejunum, ileum
R
Urinary bladder R

34. Axial cross section
Th11
LA
H
G
VCI
A
Th11
L

35. Axial cross section
Th12
G
H VP
VCI A VL
P
Th12
L

36. Axial cross section
L1
CT
G
J
VB P
H VP VL
AMS
J
VCI J
A CD
L1

37. Axial cross section
L1
G
CT
J
H J
VP
P CD
VCI
A
RD L1 RS L

38. Small intestines
 Duodenum
 Jejunum
 Ileum
 Ileocoecal junction

39. Ileum, cecum, colon
Colon, ascending
Ileocecal junction
Ileocecal valve
Ileum
Cecum
Aperture of appendix
Appendix vermiformis

40. Parts of Colon
Left flexure of
Right flexure colon
of colon
Transverse
colon
Ascending Descending
colon colon
Cecum Sigmoid colon
appendix
vermiformis
Rectum

42. GIT on cross sectional slices

43. T12

44. T12

45. L1-2

46. L1-2

47. L2

48. L3

49. L3

50. L4

51. L4

52. L5/S1

53. L5 / S1

54. The Liver
 Position
 Right hypochondrium, epigastrium, left hypochondrium
 Upper border: 5th rib
 Lower border: right lower ribs
 Lobes
 Right hepatic lobe
 Left hepatic lobe
 Quadrate lobe
 Caudate lobe
 Ligaments:
 Falciform lig.
 Lig. teres
 Right and left coronal lig.
 Hepatorenal lig.
 omentum minus: lig. hepatogastricum et hepatoduodenale

56. Macroscopic anatomy
of the liver
lig. falciforme hepatis
lig. coronarium
diaphragma
lobus hepatis dexter
lobus hepatis sinister
lig. teres hepatis
vesica fellea
margo inferior

57. Macroscopic anatomy
of the liver
v. cava inferior
lobus caudatus
lig. coronarium
lig. venosum
v. portae
hepatis
a. hepatica
propria
vesica fellea
lobus hepatis sinister
lig. teres hepatis lobus lobus hepatis dexter
quadratus

58. Vessels of the liver
Proper hepatic a. Vena hepatica sinistra / dextra /
intermedia
v. portae
VCI
Choledochal duct

59. Segments of the liver
 Couinaud
 Caudate lobe: I.
 Left lobe
 lateral: II., III.
 Right lobe
 medial: IVa / IVb
 inf.: IV-V-VI
 sup.: VII – VIII - IX

61. Segments of the liver
demonstrated on
IMAIOS

66. Gall bladder and biliary ducts
Gall bladder Hepatic duct
(communis)
Cystic duct Common bile duct
(biliaris)
Pancreatic duct
Orifice of pancreatic
duct;
Major duodenal
papilla

68. Spleen
 Position: 8-11 rib;
left hypochondrium
 Parts:
 Diaphragmatic face
 Gastric face
 Renal face
 Colic face
 hilus lienalis
 Vessels
 Splenic a. & v.

73. Kidney
 Parts:
 hilus
 sinus
 pelvis ureter
 Position:
 Th12-L1-2
 Right kidney: lower
 Vessels:
 Renal a. & v.
 Adrenal glands:
 Upper pole of the kidney, inside the
adiopose capsule
 cortex, medulla

74. T12
T12 – L1
Left
Right VCI
AO
L3
L3

75. T12

76. L1

77. L2

78. Főbb képletek
azonosítása
IMAIOS

81. L2

82. L3

83. L4

84. L5

85. S1