Powerpoint with all of the info that you need for the m.p. 3 test

1. Global 1 Third Marking
Period Test
Mrs. Kantz’s class
Ppt. by David Fan

2. GREECE

3. Geography

4. Geography
Movement Place
Pull factors: fishing; harbors  Mountainous
Push factors: Little farming land; poor roads;  Seafood
political fragments (city-states instead of one
unified Greece)
 Fresh drinking water
Region
 Small; isolated
 Mountainous
 Dried up rivers
 Good harbors
 Peninsula
 Divided by mountains
 Islands
 Trade
 Barren
 Peninsula
 Rocky
 Mt. Olympus
 City states  Not good for farming

5. Geography
Location Interaction
 Aegean Sea  Harbors
 Mediterranean Sea  Fishing
 Europe  Trade
 West of Persian Empire  Fresh Drinking Water
 Terrace Farming

6. Geography
Impact of geography on Greece
 The Greeks were sailors rather than farmers.
 Harbors encouraged trade and communication with Egypt and
Middle Eastern Civilizations.
 Mountains divided Greece leading to City-States. The mountains
of Greece divided it into many small pockets.
 As a result of the geological fragmentation, Greeks felt more unity
with their individual City-States rather than with Greece as a
country.

7. Contributions

8. Government
City-State Oligarchy
A self governing, independent community.  Ruling power is in the hands of a few leaders
Developed because of geography. Varied in
prosperity and government systems.  Small groups shared power and military
support
Monarchy
 Ruled by wealthy individuals; Aristocrats
 Ruling power is in the hands of one person;
Kings  Practiced in:
 Kings lived in a palace on tax money  Corinth
 Athens
 Practiced by the Mycenaeans
 Funded by taxes
 Oldest son would succeed his father as king
 Citizens had no vote
 Soldiers protected king, enforced laws,
obeyed laws, and collected taxes  Decline: increase of population, powerful
individuals hired hoplite arrays, overthrown by
 Decline: Trade routes closed, internal fighting, the people
invaded by Dorians.

9. Government
Tyranny Democracy
 Ruling power is in the hands of an  Ruling power is in the hands of all
individual often by illegal means the people
 Military leaders, backed by middle  Citizens Assembly
class, seized power
 Executive group- Council of 500
 Practiced in Athens
 Practiced in Athens
 Decline: Athenians were unhappy,
Spartan invasions  Decline: Fall of Athens

10. Philosophy
 Socrates
 Plato
 Aristotle
 REMEMBER: Legacy of Greece Debate

11. Golden Age of Athens

12. Golden Age of Athens
 480-430 BCE Three Goals
 Overseen by Pericles 1. Strengthen Democracy
 Pericles- Leader from 461-  Increased number of public
429 BCE officials on paid salaries
 Direct democracy- Citizens
rule directly, not through
representatives

13. Golden Age of Athens
2. Maintain Empire 3. Glorify Athens
 Delian League: Athens  Used money from the
received tributes from Delian League to buy
over 200 city-states in gold, ivory, and marble
return for protection
 Paid artists, architects,
 Made Athens’s navy the and workers to use the
strongest in the materials.
Mediterranean
 Gained access to
surrounding trade routes

14. Comparison:
Athens vs. Sparta
ATHENS SPARTA

15. Comparison:
Athens vs. Sparta
Athens Sparta
 Founders: Mycaneans  Founders: Dorians
 Economy: Sea-faring traders,  Economy: agriculture
agriculture  Labor: Helots (farm slaves or
serfs) and foreign artisans
 Labor: Artisans; farmers;
merchants and traders; slaves  Social Order: Military society-
did mining, farm work, and boys went into military training at
tutoring age 7; ages 20-30 men did
military service; age 30 married
but lived in barracks until age 60.
 Social Order: Private education Women were physically trained to
for males 7-18. Learned Math, increase strength to marry at 14-
music, and literature. 2 years of 19 to breed sons for the military;
military service ages 18-20. No women were not citizens but could
formal education for females; own property and interact socially.
trained at home in domestic
skills

16. Comparison:
Athens vs. Sparta
Athens Sparta
 Government: Democracy  Government: Oligarchy evolved-
Dual kings had military role but
evolved- All natural born land did not govern. The Assembly-
owning males were citizens, All male citizens over 20: had
then males regardless of law making role Main power in
hands of 5 Ephors and Council
class, then foreigners of Elders formed judiciary and
advised Assembly and Ephors
 Achievements: Prosperity led
to creativity, especially in  Achievements: Strong military
role in Greek conflicts; strict
drama and architecture military rule and tight social
(Parthenon) control reduced intellectual
development, creativity and
technical advancement

17. Alexander the Great

18. Alexander the Great
 Son of Philip II
 Became king of Macedonia at age 20
 Taught by Aristotle (science, geography, and literature)
 Influenced by Homer’s Illiad
 Preserved and Spread Greek Culture
 Conquered Persia, Egypt, India
 Spread Hellenistic Culture throughout his empire
 Died young at age 33 in India

19. Hellenism
 Combination of cultures conquered by Alexander the
Great
 Hellenism=Greek+Egyptian+Persian+Indian
 Achievements in: Astronomy; philosophy; math; and
art

20. ROME

21. Geography

22. Geography
Movement Place
 Push: Little rivers unsuitable for  Mediterranean
shipping; not a large amount of farm
land  Alps
 Pull: Natural defense; fertile; Po river  Po River Valley- Tiber river
valley
 Mountainous land
Region
Location
 “The boot shaped country”
 West of Greece
 Alps
 Sicily
 Po River Valley
 Divides the Mediterranean in half
 Swine
 Alps
 Subtropical climate

23. Geography
Interaction
 Killed forest swine
 Fertile soil – Farming
 Source of Water

24. Contributions

25. Law
The Twelve Tables
 The earliest attempt by the Romans to create a code
of law.
 Law code binding both Patricians (upper class) and
Plebeians (lower class)
 Enforced by consuls
 Later two more tables were added because the
plebeians were dissatisfied with the first ten

26. Government
Republic First Triumvate
 Senate: 300 members chosen from  Pompey: Military general; won lands in
the upper class- patricians Spain; suppressed a slave rebellion in
Rome led by Spartacus; campaigns
 Consuls: 2 ruled a a time; supported by millionaire Marcus Licinius
commanded the Roman army; one Crassus; Council
year terms
 Marcus Licinius Crassus: Millionaire
 Tribunes of the Plebs: Protected the son of a roman governmental official;
Gained wealth through real estate and
rights of the plebeians from the mining; Soldier who fought in Roman
patricians. Wars.
 Demands of the Plebs: Written  Julius Caesar: Consul; Governor of
laws; equal protection under those lands in southern tip of Gaul; Fought
laws- Twelve Tables
series of brutal wars without Senate’s
permission on Roman frontiers;
 Citizens Assembly: Elected Conquered lands equaling France and
tribunes; made for common people Belgium, then called back by senate to
return to Rome and disband his troops

27. Architecture
 Coliseum
 Roads
 Aqueducts
 Bridges

28. Similarities in Roman Law Code
with The Code of Hammurabi
 Both are written codes of law
 Both contain harsh punishments for specific situations
 Both favor men over women
 Both favor fathers over sons
 Both favor wealthier citizens over low class citizens.

29. Reasons for Decline
 Barbarian Invasions  Inferior Technology
 Decline in Morals and  Inflation
values
 Political corruption
 Environmental and
Public Health Problems  Rise in Christianity
 Excessive Military  Unemployment
Spending to Defend the  Urban Decay
Empire

30. Christianity
Key Beliefs- God God- God of Abraham; called yahweh in Practices
made a covenant and Rituals-
with Abraham;
English; The trinity: god has 3 parts; same
based on teachings god that the Muslims and Jews believe in Try to obtain
of Jesus Christ; Salvation;
Jesus taught of a avoid
new covenant damnation;
between God and Sacraments:
the Jews; Achieve baptism &
salvation and avoid communion
damnation.
Christianity
Worship
Holy book- Bible; Two
parts: the old testament-
Services-
the history of the law and Ordained
prophets, contains ministry: Priests,
psalms; the new pasters,
testament- 4 gospels, Sects- 3 main sects: Roman ministers;
stories of ancient Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant; all
question; has no sacred worship in
language; has been believe god reveals his teachings to churches;
translated into thousands the world; all believe Jesus died and Sunday service;
of languages rose from the dead Sermon

31. BYZANTINE EMPIRE

32. Geography

33. Geography
 Eastern Provinces of the Roman Empire.
 Capitol city: Constantinople
 Bosporus Strait
 Eastern Part of the Mediterranean
 Italy, Greece, Egypt, Turkey, Middle east

34. Contributions

35. Law
Justinian’s Code
 A summation of all Roman law since the second century
 Effected law in western Europe and early Russia
 Sections:
 The digest
 The Institutes
 The novels

36. Government
 Successors of Constantine
 Justinian- viewed himself as a new Constantine;
Christian emperor
 Theodora- Wife of Justinian- 20-25 years younger;
was a prostitute; came from a poor family; very
intelligent; ability to read people
 Tried to re-unite Rome but failed

37. Architecture
 Beautify Constantinople (same goal in Athens)
 Domes, arches, columns
 Hagia Sophia
 Blue Mosque- mix of Byzantine and Turkish elements
 Topica Palace- mix of buildings and gardens
 Hippodrome- stadiums
 Moats
 Stonewalls

38. Religion
Eastern Orthodox
 Emperor claims authority over church
 Do not follow Pope
 Used Icons-holy images
 Mass in Greek
 Priests could marry
 Divorce was permitted in certain cases
 Created after the Great Schism in 1054: the division of the Christian church
into Roman Catholics (Western Rome) and Eastern Orthodox (Eastern
Rome)

39. ISLAM

40. Geography

41. Geography
Istanbul
 Bosporus Straight; bridge between Asia and Europe
 Favorable characteristics:
 Peninsula
 Natural harbor
 Flat
 Fertile
 Well watered
 Built on Bosporus Strait

42. Geography
Impact
 Deserts- minimal water and farm land
 Oases- Water in the desert; fertile
 Coastal Plain- good for farming
 Mountains- Goats; limited water and farmland

43. Islam
Holy Book- Qur’an:
god’s teachings to God- One god; the Practices and rituals-
Muhammad, god of Abraham- FIVE PILLARS:
translated into many called Allah in Arabic; Shahada-faith, Salat-
languages, Arabic prayer, Zakat-
used for worship god made a covenant
services, history with Abraham Almsgiving, Siyam-
and law of ancient fasting, Hajj-
Hebrews, Includes pilgrimage to Mecca;
Jesus’s life, Outlines Hallal- allowed
the goal of Islam,
Five pillars actions; Haram-
forbidden actions
Key Beliefs- God
Islam
Made a covenant
with Abraham; Worship
Muslims are
descendants of Services-
Abraham’s son Masjid-
Ishmael; Based on Sects- Two major Sects:
god’s teachings and Sunni- any devout Muslim mosque;
the example of can lead; Shi’i- any Prayers led
Muhammad- the last
prophet; Mecca is the descendant of Mohammad by an Imam;
holiest city. can lead; the two differ over Friday
the issue of leadership worship

44. The Golden Age of Islam
 The House of Wisdom  Zoology
 Herbal Medicines  Bookmaking
 Astronomy  Chess
 Polo  Hospitals
 Music  Geometric and floral
designs
REVIEW: Golden Age of Islamic
Culture Travelogue

45. THE MIDDLE AGES

46. Impact of the fall of Rome
Roman Empire Germanic Tribes
 Emphasis on learning,  Oral traditions, song and
knowledge of Greek, literate legends little knowledge of
citizenry Greek, not literate, no written
language
 Official language: Latin
 Developed dialects of Latin:
 Political Unit: Roman French and Spanish
Provinces
 Germanic Kingdoms- borders
 Government based on written change as result of warfare
law and public government
 Loyalty to small communities
unwritten rules and traditions

47. Feudalism
King
Vassals
Knights
Peasants and
Townspeople

48. Feudalism
King Vassals
 Highest power  Nobles, but less powerful than
lords
 Roman Catholic- Religious
leader  Trained knights and lived by
the code of chivalry
 Owns all land
 Promised to protect land and
Nobles a.k.a. Lords kingdom
 Jobs: hunting, fight in battle,  Promised to pay ransom
oversee surfs. money if lord is kidnapped
 Ruled over King’s land  Received Fiefs at Ceremony
of Homage
 Lived on manor in castle

49. Feudalism
Knights Peasants and Townspeople
Surfs
 Fighting force
 NOT SLAVES
 Code of Chivalry: code of
 Tied to the land
honor; set of ideals for
knights; knights must serve  Property of kingdom, not king.
their lord, their god, and their
 Lived in small cottages.
wife; they must protect people
in trouble; fight fairly; protect  Couldn’t do anything without the lords
women permission
 Not required to fight
 Similar to the Samurai and
their Code of Bushido Freeman
 Skilled craftsmen
 Paid rent to the lord
 Could leave the manor
 Could be evicted

50. The Church
 Provided poor peasants with a dream of an eternal
peace
 Hosted feasts
 Had complete power over kings
 One priest on each manor