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Chronic diseases  in Malaysia Dr. Rashidi Ahmad MD(USM), MMed(USM), FADUSM, AM 24 th  August 2008 Pantai Batu Buruk, KT
Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object]
Chronic Disease Epidemic
 
 
 
Chronic Disease in US ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Annual Report 1994; Health, United States, 1994
Chronic Dz in M’sia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Malaysia NCD Surveillance 2005/06: CD among Malaysian Adult Aged 25-64  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common Risk Factors
Overweight & obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prevalence of Obesity
[object Object]
Overweight and obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Hypercholesterolemia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia
 
Unhealthy diet ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prevalence of Unhealthy Diet (Not enough vegetables and fruits)
~ 3.1 million Malaysian (1 in 2 men and 1 in 33 women), aged 25-64 years were current smokers
Smoking habit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prevalence of Current Smoker
 
Physical inactivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prevalence of Physical Inactivity
Diabetes mellitus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diabetes mellitus in Malaysia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Prevalence of Raised Blood Glucose
Manifestations of DM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications of DM
Risk factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
If you are diabetic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hypertension
What is hypertension? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hypertension in Malaysia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prevalence of Raised Blood Pressure
Hypertension risk factors
Complications  of HPT
How can high BP can be prevented? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Reduce high sodium food ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Increase high potassium diet
Heart attack
 
Risk factors
Stroke
Prevention
Cancer World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer:  World Cancer Report 2003)
 
Who is at risk for cancer? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Workplace or environment factors? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cancer of prostate
 
Prostate cancer manifestations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How to detect?
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level: PSA is a substance produced by the prostate and some other tissues in the body   Transrectal USG
Breast cancer
 
 
Techniques for breast examination.  How to detect?
[object Object]
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Common Risk Factors
 
Thank you

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Chronic Disease In Malaysia

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. (smoking from 16 to 25 cigarettes - increases your risk for type 2 diabetes to three times that of a non-smoker.
  2. Narrowing of the arteries, a greater than normal volume of blood, or a quicker or stronger heartbeat, cause increased pressure against the artery walls
  3. (men are at greater risk until the age of 55, then the risk becomes similar for men and women. After the age of 75, women are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure). For both women and men, blood pressure tends to increase with age
  4. echniques for breast examination. (A) To spread breast tissue evenly over the chest wall, experts recommend the patient roll on her contralateral hip with her shoulder rotated (so that she is in a supine position, with her ipsilateral hand on her forehead). A pillow or towel can be used underneath the patient's shoulder or lower back to aid in comfort and ensure most effective positioning. (B) The full perimeter of breast tissue should be evaluated during the clinical breast examination. This includes all tissue from the sternum to the inframammary ridge, to the midaxillary line, to the clavicle, and back to the sternum. (C) The pattern of examination should be systematic and performed in vertical strips to ensure all breast tissue is covered.