DNA to RNA to Amino Acids

1. DNA to RNA to Amino Acids
Creating the
components of life

2. What is an Amino Acid?
1. Proteins are made of amino
acids.
2. DNA is a prisoner of the
nucleus
3. For genetic information to
leave the cell it must be copied
into RNA
An amino acid is the building block
for a protein

3. RNA
4. RNA is also made of
nucleotides. Each nucleotide is
made of:
a) Ribose sugar
b) Phosphate Group
c) One of four nitrogen bases:
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, or
URACIL
5. RNA is a single strand of
nucleotides (DNA is a double
strand)

4. Types of RNA
6. Three types of RNA:
a) Messenger RNA (mRNA);
shape: linear
a) Carries code for protein
synthesis into cytoplasm
b) Ribosome RNA (rRNA); shape:
a) Combines with protein to form a
ribosome (where protein is
made)
c) Transfer RNA (tRNA); shape:
cloverleaf
a) Carries amino acid to ribosome

5. Proteins
7. RNA turns genetic information stored in DNA into
proteins
What do proteins do?
Proteins help with metabolism, cell shape,
signaling, responses, cell cycle, and form
the basic building blocks of life
Protein triose phosphate

6. Think-Pair-Share
• From what we’ve discussed so far what is one
thing you…
▫ Wonder
▫ Don’t understand
▫ Find interesting
▫ Would like to know more about
Write your thoughts in the box provided

7. 8. Steps to Protein Synthesis
A. Transcription:
A. mRNA is copied from DNA.
B. Ribbon of mRNA slips out of
nucleus and attaches to a
ribosome.
C. Each set of three nucleotides of
mRNA are called codons and
code for a specific amino acid

8. B. Translation:
A. tRNA has a sequence of three bases that are
complimentary (match) to the mRNA’s
codon.
B. tRNA brings amino acid from the cytoplams by
matching its anticodon to the mRNA
C. Ribosomes provide a site for protein
synthesis to occur
D. The chain of amino acids created by
transcritpion and translation is called a
protein.