1. Vietnam National University, Hanoi
University of Science
Faculty of Environmental Sciences
WATER QUALITY PROTECTION OF
TRUC BACH LAKE IN HANOI
Supervisor: Dr. Do Huu Tuan
Group Members
Le Thi Kim Chi
Nguyen Thanh Duong
Luong Loc Ha
Bui Thi Huong
Nguyen Thuy Linh
Luu Thi Ha Phuong
Phung Thi Mai Phuong
Nguyen Thi Thu
K56 Advanced Undergraduate Program in Environmental Science
1

2. CONTENTS
 I. Introduction
 II. Status
 III. Methodology
 IV. Investigation & Analysis
A. Parameters
B. Biological Composition
 V. Sources of Pollution
 VI. Solutions & Recommendations
 VII. Conclusion

3. I. Introduction
RESEARCH LOCATION
Truc Bach Lake is located in the
northwest of Hanoi’s Old Quarter,
immediately adjacent to the eastern
shore of the city’s largest lake,
West Lake, which is a former
branch of the Red River
Truc Bach Lake
Figure 1.Truc Bach Lake

6. I. Introduction
Coordinates: 21°2′44″N 105°50′17″E
Average depth = 2.0 m
Maximum length =400 m Maximum width =
300 m
Swater = 9,000 m^2
Vinflow and outflow =0 => no changes
in the lake’s water level

7.  *
2005
* Dissolved oxygen levels below 12.5 to 25
times
* Ammonium exceed 7.8 to 32 times
* Excess nitrite 48-113 times
II.STATUS

8.  *
Recent years
 The large amount of bottom mud has accumulated
decades -> too much organic matter
 Create new toxic species.
 Feeding fish in polluted water lead to many fishes died

9. II. Status
We survey some people who
live around the lake .
Mrs. Pham Thi Ngoc Lan told
us the main reason is sense of
civic responsibility is low.
Figure 5. Our investigation of condition of Truc Bach Lake and
residential opinion

10.  September 01,2005 Truc Bach water treatment station was established
and operated with a capacity of 2300m3 / day (highest capacity is
3000m3 / day).

11.  In 2007,Ha Noi water
company dredge Truc
Bach lake
 Cleaning and pick up
rubbishes
 Planning trees

13. III. Methodology
1. Field observations: Collect pictures and information from
the residential areas around the lake
2. Refer to the documentation or previous researchs about the
water quality standards in different years, pollution status
3. Using the measuring cylinder and seechi dish to estimate
the water level
4. Synthesis, statistics and data analysis

14. IV.1. Parameters
 Water Temperature (T)
 Hydrogen Concentration (pH)
 Dissolved oxygen (DO)
 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
 Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen
(NH4
+, NO3
-and NO2
- Concentration)
Lake

15. Field Observation + Measurement
 Typical summer day and
winter day: (2011)
1. April 13th
2. August 23rd
3. November 10th
 Period:
1. Morning (09:00)
2. Afternoon (15:00)
3. Evening (21:00)
 Layer:
1. Horizontal water layer
Take samples at center of lake
2. Vertical water layer
Intervals division of 40 cm, =>
water samples taken points :
0.4 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m

16. Water Temperature
Horizontal Water Layer
B.Q. Lap et al 2013
Vertical Water Layer
B.Q. Lap et al 2013
Figure 8. Water Temperature Measurement in Horizontal and Vertical Water Layer
of Truc Bach Lake

17. DO change in Horizontal Water Layer
13th April 2011
10th November 2011
B.Q. Lap et al 2013 B.Q. Lap et al 2013
Figure 9. DO Measurement in Horizontal Water Layer
of Truc Bach Lake

18. DO change in Vertical Water Layer
13th April 2011 10th November 2011
B.Q. Lap et al 2013 B.Q. Lap et al 2013
Figure 10. DO Measurement in Vertical Water Layer
of Truc Bach Lake

19. pH change in
Horizontal & Vertical Layer
Vertical
B.Q. Lap et al 2013
13th
April
2011
Horizontal
10th
November
2011
Figure 11. pH Measurement in Horizontal and Vertical Water Layer of Truc Bach Lake

20. BOD5 Seasonal Change
High = between the end of
spring and the beginning of
summer (13/4) and in winter
(10/11)
Low= summer and autumn
Minimum = 15 mg /L(
does not meet QCVN 08:
2008)
Maximum = 38 mg/L
(>2.5 times QCVN 08:
2008 for Water Quality
class B1)
B.Q. Lap et al 2013
Figure 12. BOD5 Seasonal Change in Truc
Bach Lake

21. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen
in dry season
B.Q. Lap et al 2013
NH4
+
• = 0.5 mg/L ( limiting
value for water quality
class B1 for irrigation).
NO3
-
• =0.7-0.9 mg/L(allowable
limits for surface water
quality)
NO2
-
• =0.05 mg/L (only meet
water quality class B2 for
navigation)
Figure 13. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen
concentration in dry season
in Truc Bach Lake

22. Turbidity
 Factory can treat just 1/3
=> 1/5 amount of
wastewater(>10 drains)
 Ngu Xa Village: 15cm
 Nearby treatment center:
41cm
 Centre of Truc Bach Lake:
36cm

23. IV.2. Biological composition
 Phytoplankton
 About 79 species of phytoplankton
in Truc Bach lake:
 Having high concentration of
heavy metals (Cu, Pb, As..)
Euglenophyta
Euglenophyta
is greatest
number
4 divisions
of algae
Biomass of
phytoplankton
increase
dramatically,
compared to
investigation in
the past
The lake is heavily polluted

24. IV.2. Biological composition
 Zooplankton About 9 zooplankton
Rotifer
species belonging to 3
groups:
+ Copepoda (1 species)
+ Cladocera (2 species)
+ Rotifer (6 species)
High
accumulation
in content of
heavy metals as
Cd, Cu, Pb, As,
Hg
Biomass of
zooplankton is
low and lower
than in the past

25. IV.2. Biological Composition
 Zoobenthos
 Almost no single
species of zoobenthos
(due primarily to high
level of H2S)
Fish in Truc Bach lake
 Fish About 11
fish species
( 8 Natural,
3
Introduced
)
1
Fish culture
was applied
virtually to
control
eutrophicat
ion.
2
The level of
Pb in fish
exceeds
regulatory
standard of
Ministry of
health.
3

26. V. Sources of pollution


A drain is discharging
wastewater
from a restaurant
From the recent
development of
restaurants and
hotels
Sewage and toilet
waste are released
directly into the lake,
often through drains,
sewers..
Pollutants include
organic substances,
soap and faeces..

27. V. Sources of pollution
 From domestic source
 Increasing in
residential houses
=> more wastes
 Waste water,
rubbish, poultry
dung..are
occasionally
discharged directly
into the lake.
Waste in Ngu Xa trench

28. V. Sources of pollution
 From industrial waste
Water in Ngu Xa stench
Wastewater from
the facility making
copper, aluminum,
micro-brewers…in
Ngu Xa village

29. V. Sources of pollution
 Consciousness of people
 Having hundreds of
tourists visits here
each year
 People living nearly
to the lake
=> Throw rubbish
around and even
into the lake

30. VI.1. Solution

31. VI.1. Solution
A. Treatment Technology
MRET Activation Technology:
Enhance the
activity of micro-organisms
in
decomposition of
pollutants
Additional
beneficial
microorganisms in
the process
creating
biodiversity in
water and mud at
the bottom
Expected
efficient = 60%

32. VI.1. Solution
B. Management Plan
 Facilities that
produce Cu, Al in
Ngu Xa village were
suspended
production or
relocated to other
place (for 10 years)
 Control sources of
pollutants.

33. VI.1. Solution
B. Management Plan
1
• Management of
environmental protection
2
• Enhancement of handling
violations
Evidences
• June 2014: authorities have discovered
and handled 9 violated production
facility in Truc Bach lake area
(administrative penalty is 150 million)

34. VI.2. Recommendation
A. Treatment Technology
 Using new treatment water
technology
 Build more treatment water station
B. Management Plan
• Enhance the management of
environment
• Increased penalties for
violated production facilities

35. VI.2.Recommendation
- Landscape
 Plant more tree and flower bed
surrounding lake
 Restrict restaurant encroach
and unsanitary around the lake
- Enhance awareness of people
- Communication and education
 Enhance tourism activities
VI.2.Recommendation
Plant more tree and flower bed
surrounding lake
Restrict restaurant encroach
and unsanitary around the
lake
Enhance tourism activities

36. VII. Conclusion
 By analyzing the parameters, we can conclude Truc
Bach Lake is polluted by organic matters and nutrients
by max DO=5 mg/L, minDO=2 mg/L. This indicates by
QC:2008 that Truc Bach Lake is meet B2 Water Quality
for navigation and low quality water
 Organisms in Truc Bach lake are threatened seriously.
Water pollution in Truc Bach lake is derived from many
sources as domestic, industrial and trading activities
 In order to preserve this, the most importance is
awareness of citizens nearby. On the other hand,
treatment technology and management plan should be
concerned comprehensively.

37. References
 Bui Quoc Lap, Masayoshi Harada and Kazuaki Hiramatsu, 2013,
“Dynamics of Water Quality in the Truc Bach Lake, Hanoi Capital,
Vietnam”, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan.
 Dang Thi Sy, Tran Duc Vien, 2011, “The role of aquaculture in
pollution-remediation in West Lake and Truc Bach Lake of Hanoi,
Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National
University, Hanoi.
 Tran Thu Ha, Nguyen Hong Phong, 2010, “2D - MODEL OF
CONTAMINANT WATER TRANSMISSION PROCESSES AND
NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON A NATURAL LAKE”, Institute of
Mechanics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
 Internet sources for images, news and general information

38. Thank you for listening!
Time for Q & A :D