Slides to accompany Ch 25, Industrialization, in McDougal Littell's World History: Patterns of Interaction

1. Industrialization
ch 25

2. Beginnings

3. Explain the beginning of industrialization in
Britain:
• Improvements in farming methods in the 1700s
boost crop yields and lead to enclosed land
• Many small farmers lose their land, move to the
city, and become urban workers
• Britain possesses ideal conditions for the
growth of industry

4. Describe key inventions that furthered the
Industrial Revolution:
• Key inventions revolutionized industry during
the 1700s and 1800s
• The textile industry is the first to benefit, with
the invention of machines to produce cotton
cloth
• Transportation expands with the invention of
the steam engine and the construction of
canals, roads, and railroads

5. Agricultural Advances
Neolithic terrace (Inca)
Revolution
Three-field System
Slash & Burn
enclosure
Plow
Crop rotation
Animal harness
seed drill
latifundia (Rome)
chinampas (Aztec)

6. Industrialization

7. Describe the social and economic effects of
industrialization
• Industrialization leads to economic growth &
urbanization
• Industry generates wealth for some but
hardship for others
• As divisions between rich and poor grow,
class tension escalates

8. Show how Manchester exemplified the new
industrial city
• Manchester becomes an example of the new
industrial city
• Textile factories produce great wealth for mill
owners
• Workers and the environment suffer the
effects of industrialization

30. Social Economic
Positives
Negatives

31. Industrialization Spreads

32. Describe industrial growth in the United States
• Like Britain, the United States offers
conditions favorable to the growth of industry
• British machinery spawns an American textile
industry
• American industry expands rapidly in the
late-1800s, fueled by the growth of railroads

33. Explain the spread of industry in Europe
• At first, war and unrest in Europe delay the
growth of industry
• Belgium is the first country in Europe to
industrialize, followed by Germany
• Other parts of Europe begin to develop
industry in the mid-1800s, though progress is
slow in some areas

34. Identify the effects of industrialization on the
rest of the world
• The Industrial Revolution widens the gap
between more-developed and less-developed
nations
• Industrialized countries exploit overseas
colonies for resources and markets
• Over time, standards of living rise in the
industrial nations

35. Colonialism
an extension of a nation’s sovereignty over
territory beyond its own national borders, and
the rule or displacement of indigenous
populations.
Colonizing nations generally dominate the
resources, labor, and markets of the colonial
territory, and may also impose socio-cultural,
religious, and linguistic structures on the
indigenous population.
e.g. Anglo-Zulu War, 1879

36. An Age of Reform

39. Identify ideas and thinkers that support
industrialization
• Laissez-faire thinkers support a free market
and oppose government regulation
• Economists argue that natural law governs
economic life

40. Explain the origins and main concepts of
socialism
• Some thinkers oppose laissez-faire policies
and favor government efforts to improve
people’s lives
• Utilitarian thinkers argue that government
should promote the general welfare
• Socialists and Marxists propose state controls
to achieve social and economic equality

41. Examine unionization and legislative reform
• Workers organize unions to raise wages and
improve conditions
• Unions eventually become established and
legal
• Reform laws are passed in Britain and the
United States to limit child labor and set
work hours

42. Describe other reform movements of the 1800s
• Industrialization spurs the growth of various
reform movements
• The abolition movement helps to end slavery
by the late 1800s
• Women fight for their rights, while education
and prison reform make strides

43. Democratic Reform &
Activism
26.1

44. • Describe the evolution of British democracy
• Explain the origin and goals of the woman
suffrage movement
• Trace the development of democratic
institutions in France

45. 19th Century Progress
26.4

46. Objectives
• Describe inventions of the late 19th century
and their impact on daily life
• Trace advances in medicine and science
• Describe the emergence of the social
sciences
• Explain the rise of mass culture

47. Thomas
Edison
Light bulb
Phonograph
Research lab

48. Alexander
Graham
Bell
Telephone

49. Guglielmo
Marconi
Radiotelegraph

64. March 1925, illegal to teach the theory
of evolution
John Scopes, 24, arrested in Dayton, TN
ACLU hired Clarence Darrow as defense
William Jennings Bryant, a creationist preacher &
former Presidential candidate, served as special
prosecutor

65. Darrow’s argument was that
a. creationism conflicts with modern science, so it must
be incorrect, and
b. the Bible contains illogicalities, contradictions, and
impossibilities, so it cannot be taken literally
Bryan’s argument was that
a. God can override the laws of nature with miracles,
b. God’s revealed truth supersedes scientific evidence,
c. when man cannot explain or understand the Bible, it
shows that man’s wisdom is inferior to God’s, not that
the Bible is untrue, and
d. the science of the day was not conclusive about
evolution