2. DEFINITION
First Aid is the first assistance or
treatment given for a sick or injured
person (called casualty) before the
arrival of an ambulance or qualified
expert.
4. 1. TO SAVE LIFE
Help to stop bleeding
Treat injuries in right
order
Maintain airway in correct position
Perform CPR (when needed- no
breathing or pulse)
5. 2. PREVENT FUTHER INJURY
Dress wound to prevent infection
Provide comfort to casualty
Place casualty in the comfortable
condition.
6. 3. PROMOTE RECOVERY
Relieve casualty from anxiety
Attempt to relief pain and
discomfort
Handle casualty gently
Protect casualty from cold and wet
Encourage confident and trust
8. 1. IDENTIFICATION
a. Brief examination of casualty - to perform
check before concluding by observe sign
and symptom
b. Signs: Details of a casualty’s condition you
may assess using your senses.
Look, listen, smell, feel
c. Symptoms: A sensation that the casualty
experiences E.G is there pain? What type of
pain? Nausea dizziness, coldness
9. 2. ASSESSMENT
Ask details of the injury or illness, any
care that may have already been given,
and pre-existing conditions such as
diabetes or heart trouble.
One method for evaluating a victim’s
condition is known by the acronym ABC
10. ABC
A = Airway - Ensure airway to lungs is open
B = Breathing – check of sign of breathing.
How? – Look, listen and feel for breathing
C = Circulation – is there any pulse/ Is the
person bleeding externally?
How? Check skin color and temperature for
additional indications of circulation problems.
11. 3. CONTROL
Steps to control or prevent :
How to Stop Bleeding
Control of bleeding is one of the most
important things you can do to save a
trauma victim. Use direct pressure on a
wound before trying any other method
of managing bleeding.
12. 3. CONTROL
How to Treat Shock
Shock, a loss of blood flow to the body,
frequently follows physical and occasionally
psychological trauma.
A person - in shock will frequently have cool,
clammy skin, be agitated or have an altered
mental status, and have pale color to the skin
around the face and lips.
Untreated, shock can be fatal. Anyone who has
suffered a severe injury or life-threatening
situation is at risk for shock.
13. 3. CONTROL
How to Treats Burns
Treat first and second degree burns by immersing
or fleshing with cool water (no ice).
Don’t use creams, butter or other ointments, and
do not pop blisters.
Third degree burns should be covered with a damp
cloth. Remove clothing and jewelry from the burn,
but do not try to remove charred clothing that is
stuck to burns.
14. 3. CONTROL
Treat a Concussion
If the victim has suffered a blow to the
head, look for signs of concussion.
Common symptoms are: loss of
consciousness following the injury,
disorientation or memory impairment,
nausea, and lethargy.
15. 3. CONTROL
How to Treat a Spinal Injury Victim
If you suspect a spinal injury, it is
especially critical that you not move the
victim’s head, neck or back (Unless they
are in immediate danger). You also need
to take special care when performing
rescue breathing or CPR.
16. FIRST AID IN A WORKPLACE
The following factors should be considered:
• Type of industry
• Number of workers
• Number of work shifts
• Physical layout of workplace
• Location of workplace and status of
infra-structure in relation to the nearest
medical clinic or hospital.
17. FIRST AID BOX
Should be available in the office and kept fully
stocked.
Someone should be appointed to look after it.
Made of sturdy material and be portable
Clearly marked with a green crescent on a white
background.
Clearly identifiable, well illuminated and
accessible location.
Contain a sufficient quantity of suitable first-aid
materials.
18. FIRST AID ROOM
DESIGN
Provided where there are more than 150 employees.
Large enough to hold a couch and still have space for
people to move about.
Lighting in the room.
Material which does not collect dust and is easily
cleaned.
Floors should be of non-slip material.
Privacy must be ensured.
Temperature and humidity at a comfortable level.
Clearly identified as a first-aid room by means of a
sign.
19. FIRST AID ROOM
LOCATION
Proximity to toilets
Proximity to lifts and main passageways
which are wide enough to allow a stretcher,
wheelchair or carrying chair through
Accessibility to work areas
Accessibility to car park, so as to facilitate
transfer of injured persons to an Ambulance
20. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 1)
Who should attend the training:
Safety Managers and Personnel
Security Managers and Personnel
Human Resource Managers and Personnel
Safety and Health Committee Members
Emergency Response Team Members
All levels of employees and interested
individuals
21. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 1)
Example of basic first aids training contents:
Providing first aid to victims of injury or
sudden illness at anywhere, anytime and
anyplace.
Disseminate knowledge on International
Humanitarian Law to the community.
How to create safety awareness at home,
workplace
Healthy lifestyle and habits to prevent
hazard and injury
22. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 2)
To provide information and expose
employees to hazards at the workplace,
ways to identify and overcome hazards,
and
To enable workers to understand their
responsibilities under the Occupational
Safety & Health Act (OSHA) 1994.
23. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 2)
Who should attend the training :
All employee especially who are exposed to
hazard
First Aider
Training contents:
Principles of first aid
Wound, Bleeding and Shock
Burn and Scald
Fractures and dislocated
CPR
24. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 3)
The important of occupational first aid
training:
To increase awareness of possible
accidents,
Identify accidents with casualties and
Optimize health and performance at the
workplace.
25. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 3)
Example of workplace training contents :
Prevention of infection when giving first
aid
Medications
Pain management
Trauma management
Basic anatomy (body systems)
Clinical assessment, Etc
26. BASIC AID TRAINING (level 3)
Who should attend the training:
Particularlysuitable for the first aider in
larger organizations who are employed as
the occupational first aider, or
In charge of a first aid room.
