Introduction to gross anatomy, body regions, and anatomical terminology. Includes body cavities and associated membranes.

1. Could we organize things a bit better?

2. The overall objective of this Human Anatomy course is to gain an integrated understanding of the spatial and functional relationships of body systems and to know correct anatomical terminology for all body systems.

3. In anatomy we try to see beyond mere superficialities

4. Our goal in this course is to see the outside and the inside of others

9. “Human organs were so well constructed, and in such perfect relation to their function(s), that both the form and structure of all organs were justified by their destiny” Galen 129-200 BC

10. The body is a fabric, a piece of workmanship in which the parts must be fitted into the system as a whole. Andreas Vesalius, 1514-1564 AD

11. Leonardo da Vinci, 1452-1519 AD

16. “Anatomy” is the study of the body’s structure “Physiology” is the study of the function of the body’s structures Physiology focuses especially on cellular processes In this class we focus on gross anatomy

17. “Microscopic anatomy” is the study of structures too small to see with normal vision. It includes “cytology”, which is the study of cells, and “histology”, which is the study of tissues. “Gross anatomy” investigates the large body parts visible to the naked eye.

18. We will take a “systemic approach” to human anatomy (e.g. digestive system, skeletal system, etc.)

19. A “regional approach” to human anatomy studies just one area. This is particularly useful in dealing with local trauma. Left nipple Close range .44 caliber handgun wound.

20. Gun shot wound (GSW) to upper right abdomen. Note powder deposits.

21. Localized trauma caused by a kitchen knife

22. We are not happy if our cells are not happy.

23. Specialized cells carry out specific functions for the whole organism.

24. Tissues are layers or aggregations of similar cells that perform specific functions.

25. An organ (such as the heart) is two or more tissues (such as nervous, muscular, and connective) integrated to perform a particular function (such as pumping blood).

26. The body’s tissues and organs are organized into systems (such as the digestive system). All of the systems are interrelated, constituting the total organism

27. Because of their complex level of organization, humans are capable of metabolism, growth, responsiveness, homeostasis (regulation of internal environment), and reproduction.

28. The language of human anatomy is very exact and descriptive. Don’t just memorize the words, but learn the meanings of the words.

29. Manubrium Gladiolus Xiphoid

30. Roman short sword (gladius) The Greeks called a sword like this a xiphos.

31. The anatomical position. All terms of direction are made in reference to a persons standing in anterior view. Lateral view Anterior view

33. Coronal (frontal) plane

34. Coronal plane

35. Transverse (horizontal or cross-sectional) plane.

39. Directional terms

40. Directional terms

41. Dorsal fin

42. IN THE ANATOMIC POSITION, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST LATERAL? A XIPHOID B THUMBS C NIPPLES D ROOF OF SKULL E EARS

43. Body regions

44. Head (caput) consists of the cranial region, that protects and supports the brain, and the facial region, which includes the eyes, nose, and mouth.

45. Neck (cervical region) supports the head

46. Trunk (torso). Note mammary region (the breasts contain mammary glands) of chest (thorax)

47. Chest (thorax). Note sternal region located medial to breasts in this male, and pectoral region.

48. Chest (thorax). Note armpit (axillary region).

49. Chest (thorax). Note vertebral region.

51. Note navel (umbilicus) located in anterior midline of abdominal region

52. Cullen’s sign

53. Pelvic region of female

54. Male and female perineum

56. Lumbar region Sacral region

58. Intramuscular injection

59. Deltoid region

60. Intramuscular injection

61. Brachium

62. Dorsum of manus Antebrachium

64. Puncture of vein in antecubital fossa for removal of blood or for the addition of medications

65. Wrist, located between antebrachium and manus

66. Anterior view of hand (manus)

67. WHAT DO YOU CALL THE STRUCTURES FOUND ON THE DORSAL SURFACE OF THE DISTAL PORTION OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES? A TEETH B SOLES C LIPS D NAILS E FINGERPRINTS

68. Lower extremity

72. Lower leg (crural region)

73. Ankle and foot

74. Inferior surface of the foot is called the plantar surface

75. Plantar surface of a black bear

76. A bear is a plantigrade animal (describes walking on plantar surface)

77. Plantar warts

78. Toes (digits)

79. Achondroplastic dwarf (note: you have an article that relates to this condition)

80. IN PERSONS WHO HAVE ACHONDROPLASIA, WHERE IS THE ILLIZAROV APPARATUS APPLIED ACCORDING TO YOUR ASSIGNED READING? A ABOVE OR BELOW THE POPLITEAL FOSSA B CERVICAL REGION C LUMBAR REGION D INFERIOR TO THE PLANTAR SURFACE E JUST INSIDE THE NATAL CLEFT AND GRADUALLY ADJUSTED

81. The posterior body cavity contains the brain and spinal cord

84. Contents of thoracic (chest) cavity.

85. Mediastinum is shown in green, blue, and yellow

89. Parietal peritoneum (a serous membrane)

91. Serous membranes Retroperitoneal organs Midsagittal section

92. Peritoneal lavage to detect trauma to abdominal organs

93. Peritoneal lavage

94. Figure 01.10

96. Where does it hurt?

97. WHAT ORGAN LOCATED IN THE UPPER LEFT ABDOMINAL QUADRANT WILL OFTEN HEMORRHAGE UNCONTROLLABLY FOLLOWING BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA? A STOMACH B OVARY C APPENDIX D GALLBLADDER E SPLEEN

100. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) of coronary arteries Ascending aorta Heart