"HUMAN BIOLOGY - Darwin or Design?" - An Intelligent Investigation

“HUMAN BIOLOGY:
Darwin or Design?”

“The unexamined life is not worth living.”

WHAT ARE THE CENTRAL
QUESTIONS OF LIFE?
• What is the purpose of life? -The
Question of MEANING.

• Is there really a “Right” and “Wrong”? -
The Question of MORALITY.

• What happens at the point of death? -
The Question of DESTINY.

• Where did all biological life come from? -
The Question of ORIGIN.

THE QUESTION OF ORIGINS
HAS 2 MAJOR POSSIBILITIES:
Option #1 - DARWIN or
Option #2 - DESIGN
• Option #1 - A Blind Process of Natural Selection
& Random Mutation
• Option #2 - An Intelligent Agent who is the source
of the information and biological complexity that
we see on the earth today.

THE QUESTION OF ORIGINS
HAS 2 MAJOR POSSIBILITIES:
1. EVOLUTIONARY FORMULA:
Matter + Energy + Time + Chance Chemistry = LIFE.
!
!
2. INTELLIGENT DESIGN:
Matter + Energy + Information = LIFE.

THE DARWINIST & ATHEIST
ARE WILLING TO BELIEVE:
• Non-existence produced Existence.

• Nothingness produced Everything.

• Non-life produced Biological Life.

• Chaos produced Complex Design.

• Randomness produced Encoded Information.

WE WILL EXAMINE
“INTELLIGENT DESIGN”:
I. The “Founding Fathers” of Modern Science.

II. The Evidence of PHYSICS.

III. The Evidence of the CELL.

IV. The Evidence of MOLECULAR MACHINES.

V. The Evidence of INFORMATION.

Intelligent design refers to a scientiﬁc research program as well as a
community of scientists, philosophers and other scholars who seek
evidence of design in nature. The theory of intelligent design holds that
certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained
by an intelligent cause,

not an undirected process such as natural selection.

!
Through the study and analysis of a system's components, a design
theorist is able to determine whether various natural structures are the
product of chance, natural law, intelligent design, or some combination
thereof. Such research is conducted by observing the types of information
produced when intelligent agents act. Scientists then seek to ﬁnd objects
which have those same types of informational properties which we
commonly know come from intelligence.
What Is “Intelligent Design”?

!
Yes.The scientific method is commonly described as a four-step
process involving observations, hypothesis, experiments, and
conclusion. Intelligent design begins with the observation that
intelligent agents produce complex and specified information
(CSI). Design theorists hypothesize that if a natural object was
designed, it will contain high levels of CSI.

!
Scientists then perform experimental tests upon natural objects to
determine if they contain complex and specified information. One
easily testable form of CSI is “irreducible complexity”, which can
be discovered by experimentally reverse-engineering biological
structures to see if they require all of their parts to function.
When ID researchers find irreducible complexity in biology,
they conclude that such structures were designed.
Is “Intelligent Design” a Scientific Theory?

WE WILL EXAMINE




PLATO &
ARISTOTLE
Two of the most inﬂuential thinkers

in all of human history,

and pioneers of ancient science,

both believed strongly

in the existence of

GOD.

!
!
“God is not the Author of all things, but of good only.”

- Plato

!
“Beauty is the gift from God.”

- Aristotle

LEONARDO
DAVINCI
This proliﬁc artist, inventor, and scientist
mentioned in his journals

his personal belief in

GOD.

!
“Disgrace should be represented upside down,

because all her deeds are contrary to God and tend to hell.

If the Lord, who is the light of all things will enlighten me,

I will speak of Light....I obey Thee Lord, ﬁrst for the love I ought, in
all reason to bear Thee; secondly for that Thou canst shorten or
prolong the lives of men.”

!
- Leonardo Da Vinci

NICOLAUS
COPERNICUS
(1473-1543)
This Prussian astronomer, responsible for
the discovery of Heliocentricity,

was a devout follower of

Christ.

!
“I am aware that a philosopher's ideas

are not subject to the judgment of ordinary persons,

because it is his endeavour to seek the truth in all things,

to the extent permitted to human reason by God.”

- Nicolaus Copernicus

GALILEO
GALILEI
(1564-1642)
An Italian scientist and Christian,

Galileo is responsible for vast
improvements in the telescope,
pioneering observational astronomy,

and is called by many

“the father of science and astronomy”.

!
!
!
“The Bible shows the way to go to heaven, not the way the
heavens go....I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God
who has endowed us with sense, reason, and intellect has
intended us to forgo their use...Mathematics is the language
with which God has written the universe.”

- Galileo

ISAAC
NEWTON
(1642-1727)
Perhaps the greatest scientist to ever live, besides being a dedicated
Christian, in his scientific work Newton described universal gravitation
and the three laws of motion; he showed that the motions
Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural
laws; built the first practical reflecting telescope; developed a theory
of color based on the observation of a prism; he also formulated an
empirical law of cooling, studied the speed of sound. In mathematics,
Newton shares the credit for the development of
differential and integral calculus.

!
“Whence arises all that Order and Beauty

which we see in the World?

... does it not appear from phenomena that there is a incorporeal, living,
intelligent, omnipresent Being...?”

!
- Isaac Newton

LOUIS
PASTEUR
(1822-1895)
This French scientist is credited as being
the “Father of Modern Medicine” as well
as the “Father of Bacteriology”, as well as
having discovering the pasteurization
process, and developing germ theory.

!
”When one works and imagines and dreams of nothing else
than the search for answers that God has posed,

it is difﬁcult to be so still.

Science brings men nearer to God.”

- Louis Pasteur

FRANCIS
BACON
(1561-1626)
This Christian man was an English
philosopher, statesman, jurist and author,
and scientist. He is credited for developing
what is today known as the “Scientiﬁc
Method” of empirical investigation.

!
“Science is only an image of the truth.

Atheism is rather in the lip than in the heart of man.

Small amounts of philosophy lead to atheism,

but larger amounts bring us back to God.”

!
- Francis Bacon

JOHANNES
KEPLER
(1571-1630)
In addition to being a Christian, he was a German
mathematician and astronomer. He was a key figure
in the 17th century scientific revolution and is best
known for his laws of planetary motion, work in the
field of optics, and inventing an improved version of the
refracting telescope.

!
!
!
"The goal of all investigations of the external world should be to discover the
rational order and harmony which has been imposed on it by God  
and which He revealed to us in the language of mathematics. Geometry is
unique and eternal, a reflection from the mind of God.
The diversity of the phenomena of nature is so great, and the treasures
hidden in the heavens so rich, precisely in order, that the human mind shall
never be lacking in fresh nourishment."

- Johannes Kepler

ROBERT BOYLE
(1627-1691)
He was a 17th century natural philosopher,
chemist, physicist, and inventor, also noted for
his writings in Christian theology. Boyle is
regarded today as the ﬁrst modern chemist,
and one of the founders of modern
chemistry.

!
Neither the fundamental doctrine of Christianity nor that of the
powers and effects of matter and motion seems to be more
than an epicycle ... of the great and universal system of God's
contrivances, and makes but a part of the more general theory
of things, knowable by the light of nature, improved by the
information of the scriptures: so that both these doctrines... seem
to be but members of the universal hypothesis, whose objects I
conceive to be the natural counsels, and works of God, so far as
they are discoverable by us in this life.”

- Robert Boyle

JAMES CLERK
MAXWELL
(1831-1879)
He was a Scottish physicist and mathematician. His most
prominent achievement was formulating classical
electromagnetic theory. His theory united all previously
observations, experiments and equations of electricity,
magnetism and optics into one consistent theory. His
achievement has been called the greatest achievement in
physics since Isaac Newton’s discoveries”.

!
“I believe that Man’s Chief End is to glorify God and to enjoy him for
ever.Almighty God, who hast created man in Thine own image, and
made him a living soul that he might seek after Thee and have
dominion over Thy creatures, teach us to study the works of Thy hands
that we may subdue the earth to our use,
and strengthen our reason for Thy service..”

- J.C. Maxwell

MICHAEL
FARADAY
(1791-1867)
He was a scientist, chemist, physicist and
philosopher who greatly contributed to the
ﬁelds of electromagnetism and
electrochemistry.Although he received little
formal education, he was one of the most
inﬂuential scientists in history.Albert Einstein
kept a picture of Faraday on his study wall,
alongside the picture of Isaac Newton.

!
Biographers have noted that "a strong sense of the unity of God
and nature pervaded Faraday's life and work."

BARON KELVIN
(1824-1907)
Kelvin was a mathematical physicist and engineer.
As a Christian, he did important work in the
mathematical analysis of electricity and
formulation of the first and second laws of
thermodynamics, and helped develop physics in its
modern form. He is known for realizing that there
was a lower limit to temperature, absolute zero.

“The more thoroughly I conduct scientific research,

the more I believe that science excludes atheism.”

“The atheistic idea is so nonsensical that I cannot put it into
words....Creative Power is the only feasible answer to the origin of life
from a scientific perspective.The more I conduct scientific research,
the more I believe that science excludes atheism.

Do not be afraid of being free thinkers! If you think strongly enough
you will be forced by science to the belief in God, which is the
foundation of all religion.

You will find science not antagonistic but helpful to religion.”

- Lord Kelvin

ALBERT EINSTEIN
(1879-1955)
Author of the world’s most famous equation, he was a
German-born theoretical physicist who developed the
theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in
physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often
regarded as the father of modern physics.

!
!
!
“Science without religion is lame. Religion without science is blind.

My religion consists of a humble admiration of the illimitable superior spirit
who reveals himself in the slight details we are able to perceive
with our frail and feeble mind.

Every one who is seriously involved in the pursuit of science becomes
convinced that a spirit is manifest in the laws of the Universe-a spirit vastly
superior to that of man, and one in the face of which we with our modest
powers must feel humble.

The scientists’ religious feeling takes the form of a rapturous amazement at
the harmony of natural law, which reveals an intelligence of such superiority
that, compared with it, all the systematic thinking and acting of human
beings is an utterly insigniﬁcant reﬂection.

I want to know how God created this world. I am not interested in this or
that phenomenon, in the spectrum of this or that element. I want to know
His thoughts; the rest are details.”

- Albert Einstein

THE “DESIGN INFERENCE”:
We make the “design inference” everyday in our
lives based upon two primary, but often
overlooked factors:

!
1. HIGH SPECIFICITY
When an object possesses speciﬁc
resemblance to a known pattern or form.

!
2. HIGH IMPROBABILITY
When the chances of an object
accidentally/randomly acquiring this
pattern/form are incredibly high, and
therefore, very unlikely.

THE “DESIGN ARGUMENT”:
I. Genuine design (CSI) is the result of
an Intelligent Designer.

II. “X” contains genuine design (CSI).

III. “X” is the result of an Intelligent
Designer.

** Note: This argument applies at all levels of the physical

cosmos - Universal,Terrestrial, and Biological. **

WE WILL EXAMINE




Roger Penrose

(Ph.D Mathematician and Author):

"I would say the universe has a purpose.
It's not there just somehow by chance."

Paul Davies (British astrophysicist):

"There is for me powerful evidence that there is
something going on behind it all....It seems as
though somebody has ﬁne-tuned nature’s numbers
to make the Universe....The impression of design is
overwhelming".

George Ellis (British cosmologist):

"Amazing ﬁne tuning occurs in the laws
that make this [complexity] possible.
Realization of the complexity of what is
accomplished makes it very difﬁcult not
to use the word 'miraculous'...

Arthur Eddington (astrophysicist):

"The idea of a universal Mind or Logos
would be, I think, a fairly plausible
inference from the present state of
scientiﬁc theory."

Vera Kistiakowsky (MIT physicist):

"The exquisite order displayed by our
scientiﬁc understanding of the physical
world calls for the Divine."

Arno Penzias (Nobel prize in physics):

"Astronomy leads us to a unique event, a universe
which was created out of nothing, one with the
very delicate balance needed to provide exactly
the conditions required to permit life, and one
which has an underlying (one might say
'supernatural') plan."

FrankTipler (Professor of Mathematical Physics):

"From the perspective of the latest physical
theories, Christian Theism is not a mere religion,
but an experimentally testable science."


II. The Evidence of Physics.

III.The Evidence of the CELL.
IV. The Evidence of Molecular Machines.

WE WILL EXAMINE

THE COMPLEXITY OF
THE CELL:
Dr. Michael Denton describes the cell, in his book

"Evolution:ATheory in Crisis":

!
"To grasp the reality of life as it has been revealed by molecular biology,
we must magnify a cell a thousand million times until it is twenty
kilometers in diameter and resembles a giant airship large enough to
cover a great city like London or NewYork.

!
What we would then see would be an object of unparalleled
complexity and adaptive design. On the surface of the cell we would
see millions of openings, like the port holes of a vast space ship,
opening and closing to allow a continual stream of materials to ﬂow in
and out. If we were to enter one of these openings we would ﬁnd
ourselves in a world of supreme technology

and bewildering complexity..."

THE COMPLEXITY OF
THE CELL:
Dr. Michael Denton concludes his description
of the cell with these impacting words:

!
"The complexity of the simplest known type of cell is so
great that it is impossible to accept that such an object
could have been thrown together suddenly by some kind of
freakish, vastly improbable, event. Such an occurrence would
be indistinguishable from a miracle."


II. The Evidence of Physics.

III. The Evidence of the Cell.

WE WILL EXAMINE

How is it possible to get Protein
molecules - long chain of
hundreds or even thousands of
100% pure levorotary amino
acids - out of a random mixture
that is 50% dextrorotary and 50%
levorotary…by blind chance or
randomness???
HOW DO WE EXPLAIN
“MOLECULAR CHIRALITY”?

THE DNA MOLECULE:
We can detect
intelligent
communication
very easily.

THE DNA MOLECULE:
• Chemical “Alphabet”:

• Adenosine

• Cytosine

• Thymine

• Guanine

• 3 billion pairs of Nucleotides

• Enough information to ﬁll a
book of 200 pages…
…25,000 times over!

THE DNA MOLECULE:
• Information Storage…
• Information Retrieval…
• Redundancy of Coding…
• Overlapping Segments…
• Digital/Mathematical…
• 3 Dimensional…
• Multiple Languages…

THE COMPLEXITY OF DNA:
“DNA implies the need for an intelligent designer because ... it possesses an
identical feature (namely, information content) that intelligently designed
human texts and computer languages possess.”

!
"Our experience-based knowledge of information-flow confirms that systems
with large amounts of specified complexity (especially codes and languages)

invariably originate from an intelligent source.”

― Dr. Stephen C. Meyer

“The causal powers that natural selection lacks-almost by definition-are
associated with the attributes of consciousness and rationality--with
purposive intelligence.Thus, by invoking design to explain the origin of new
biological information, contemporary design theorists …are positing an
entity possessing precisely the attributes and causal powers that the
phenomenon in question requires as a condition of its production and
explanation."

!
"Our experience-based knowledge of information-flow confirms that systems
with large amounts of specified complexity (especially codes and languages)

invariably originate from an intelligent source.”


THE COMPLEXITY OF DNA:
“The information contained in an
English sentence or computer
software does not derive from the
chemistry of the ink or the physics of
magnetism, but from a source
extrinsic to physics and chemistry
altogether. Indeed, in both cases, the
message transcends the properties
of the medium. The information in
DNA also transcends the
properties of its material medium.”


“SCIENTISM”, THAT ONLY SCIENCE
TELLS US TRUTH ABOUT REALITY,
IS A SELF-DEFEATING IDEA:
The idea that states:

“Only those things
which can be proven by
the scientific method
are true.”,

!
contradicts it own
standard, because it can’t
be scientifically verified!!
•“I can’t speak a word of
English.” (You just did.)

•“No sentence is longer that 3
words.” (That one is.)

•“You can’t be sure of anything
in life.” (Are you sure?)

•“You shouldn’t judge people.”
(Is that your judgement?)

IS SCIENCE THE ONLY WAY WE LEARN
TRUTH ABOUT REALITY?
- Aesthetic truth? (beauty)

- Conceptual truth? (ideas)

- Moral truth? (right/wrong)

- Memory truth? (past)

- Minds exist? (soul/consciousness)

- Mathematical & Logical truth?

- Emotional truth? (LOVE!)

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