Bacterial cells have several structures that carry out important functions. These include a cell wall, cell membrane, flagella, pili, cytoplasm, and inclusions. The cell wall provides shape and protection, while the cell membrane acts as a selective barrier. Flagella and pili help with locomotion and adhesion. The cytoplasm contains ribosomes for protein synthesis and DNA in a nucleoid region. Some bacteria also form spores, which are highly resistant resting structures. Bacterial structures and their functions allow cells to survive, move, and carry out essential life processes.