1. The Nature of The
Scientific Research
Dr. Ibrahim ghazi
No. 1
Lecture
Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١
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2. What is The Scientific Research?
It’s a systematic, controlled,
empirical, and critical
investigation to verify
propositions about suspected
relationships among variables.
Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٢
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3. Another meaning :
v Finding out answers to questions through
the application of accurate and objective
procedures.
v Finding out more reliable information and
better explanations to the observable parts
of the universe around us.
v Systematic/ organized inquiry to provide
information required to solve problems.
v Objective activity to explore nature to gain
better understanding (Movement from known to unknown).
Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٣
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4. Characteristics of Scientific Research
The basic characteristics distinguish of the Scientific
Research are:
v Public
v Objective (Rules – Facts)
v Empirical
v Systematic and Cumulative
v Predictive (Prediction for future occurrences)
v Accuracy (accurate in observation and description )
v Testability ( Verification and Replication )
v Generalizability
v Logical Reasoning
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5. The Scientific Method Overview
v Choose a Problem
v Investigate the Problem (Observation )
v Develop a solution (Hypothesis)
v Plan the Procedures
v Test Hypothesis (Collect Data , Experiments)
v Organize Data (tables, graphs )
v Draw a Conclusion
How to visualize the Scientific Method ?
Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٥
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6. Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٦
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7. Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٧
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8. Investigation
Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٨
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9. Define/Identify
the problem
Form a Hypothesis
Test Hypothesis
Make
Perform Experiments
Observations
New Experiments
Organize and
Analyze Data
No
Do Experiments and Faulty Experiments
Observations Support
Hypothesis
Yes
Communicate Results
Draw Conclusions
Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٩
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10. Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١٠
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11. Deductive and Inductive Thinking
Deductive Thinking = "top-down"
Inductive Thinking = "bottom up"
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12. Objectives of the scientific research
qDescription
qExplanation
qPredicting
qControl
qModeling
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13. Types of Researches
1. Descriptive Research
2. Analytical Research
3. Exploratory Research
4. Applied Research
5. Quantitative Research
6. Qualitative Research
7. Conceptual Research
8. Empirical Research
9. Diagnostic Research
Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١٣
10. Historical Research
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14. What are the differences between the
quantitative and the qualitative Research?
Quantitative Research
• Deals with numerical measurements and
usually identify numerical differences
between groups.
Qualitative Research
• Deals with how people understand their
experiences.
Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١٤
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15. Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
'Simple' numeric data 'Complex' rich data
Measurement Meaning
Explanation Understanding
Prediction Interpretation
Representative population Purposive/ representative
sample perspective sample
Hypothesis-testing Exploratory
Claims objectivity Accepts subjectivity
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16. Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١٦
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