1. Indian Agrarian Crisis and Way Forward
Ramanjaneyulu
Centre for Sustainable Agriculture
…caring for those who feed the nation
Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Punjab

2. Centre for Sustainable Agriculture
• is an independent agriculture institution working to
establish sustainable models of production through a
community managed learning, management and
marketing system.
• strive for a policy change which promote sustainable
models of production and bring restrictions on
ecologically and economically unsustainable
practices and polices
• Working in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Punjab

3. Agrarian Crisis
Farmer
Policies Markets
• Small holdings
• Lack of bargaining power
• Increased tenancy
• Lack of knowledge and skills
• Low investments in
agril
• Against small
holders
• Support high extrnl
input agril
• Monocultured
and monopolised
markets
• More cost
addition than
value addition

4. 0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Farmers suicides in India
No. of suicides
Source: NCRB 1995-2010
Total 270,940 in 17 years
• an annual average of 14,462 in six years, from 1995 to 2000
• a yearly average of 16,743 in 11 years between 2001 and 2011
• around 46 farmers’ suicides each day, on average or nearly one every half-hour
since 2001
• Farmers Suicide Rate is 16.3% compared to 11.1 % among rest of Indians (47%
higher)

5. • two-thirds of the suicides are
occurring in half-a-dozen
States that account for just
about one-third of the
country’s population
State Farmer Suicides Difference
1995-2002 2003-2010
Andhra Pradesh 1590 2301 +711
Karnataka 2259 2123 -136
MP+Chhattisgarh 2304 2829 +525
Maharashtra 2508 3802 +1294
Source: NCRB Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India Reports 1995-2010

6. What do Census-2011 say
• Cultivators are 118.7 million (24.6%)
and Agricultural Labourers are 144.3
(30.0%)
• Proportion of cultivators reduced from
31.7 % and agriculture workers
increased from 26.5% in 2001
• Main cultivators only 95.8 million (< 8
per cent of the population) down from
103 million in 2001 and 110 million in
1991.
• 15 million farmers (‘Main’ cultivators)
fewer than there were in 1991 and
over 7.7 million less since 2001
• Agriculture workers numbers
increased from 63.4 m to 86.1 m
between 2001-11
• On average about 2,035 farmers losing
‘Main Cultivator’ status every single
day for the last 20 years

7. Where are they going?
• From 2004-05 to 2009-10, only 2 million additional employment
was generated but 55 million were added to working age
population!
• 25.1 million people lost their self-employment
• Increase in the number of casual workers by 21.9 million, while
growth in the number of regular workers nearly halved between
2004-05 and 2009-10, compared with the previous 5 year period.
Sector 2004-05 2009-10 Difference
Agriculture 258.93 243.21 -15.71
Manufacturing 55.77 48.54 -7.23
Services 112.81 112.33 -0.48
Non-Manufacturing
(construction)
29.96 56.10 26.14
TOTAL 457.46 460.18 2.72
Sector-wise unemployment (millions)

8. Lives not better….66th
NSSO survey says
• Per capita expenditure of urban India was 88% higher than rural India
• Average MPCE in 2009-10 to be Rs. 1054 and Rs. 1984 in rural India and
urban India respectively
• Top 10% of India’s rural population having an average MPCE (Rs. 2517) 5.6
times that of the poorest 10% (Rs. 453)
• Top 10% of urban population having a 9.8 times higher average MPCE (Rs.
5863) compared that of the bottom 10% (Rs. 599)
• Considering the average rural MPCE value of Rs. 1054 in isolation would
be partially misleading. The rural MPCE median of Rs. 895 (about Rs. 30
per day) implies that half the rural population had MPCE below this level.
• 40% of the rural population had MPCE below Rs. 800 while 60% had MPCE
below Rs. 1000
• Compared to the rural median MPCE (Rs. 895), the urban median MPCE
level was 1.68 times higher at Rs. 1502 with 30% of the urban population
having MPCE above Rs. 2100 and 20% having MPCE above Rs. 2600.

9. Income and Expenditure of farmers
Land
holding
Category Total
Income
(Rs/month)
Expenditure
(Rs/month)
Percent of
farmers
<0.01 Landless 1380 2297 36 %
0.01-0.4 Sub marginal 1633 2390
0.4-1.0 Marginal 1809 2672 31 %
1.0-2.0 Small 2493 3148 17 %
2.0-4.0 Semi-medium 3589 3685 10 %
4.0-10.0 Medium 5681 4626 6 %
>10.0 Large 9667 6418
Total 2115 2770 All
farmers
Source: Report “On Conditions Of Work And Promotion Of Livelihoods In The Unorganised Sector” Arjun Sen
Gupta Committee, 2007
•Income per ha in Karnataka from Rs.8809 to Rs.5671
•Income per ha in Maharashtra from Rs.4194 to Rs.3047

10. Smaller holdings
• Between 1960-61 and 2003, the total number of
operational holdings increased from 50.77 million
to 101.27 million.
• During the same period, the total operated area
declined from 133.46 million hectares to 107.65
million hectares.
• Thus average operated area declined from 2.63
hectares to 1.06 hectares.
(NSSO, Some Aspects of Operational Land Holdings
in India, various issues, 2003)

11. Reducing institutional credit
• The share of agricultural credit in total bank lending nearly doubled
from around 10% in the mid-1970s to about 18% in the late 1980s.
• The share of agricultural credit in total bank lending declined from
the peak of 18% in the late 1980s to about 11% in 2005, the decline
has continued since then.
• Rural branches of commercial banks has declined from 51.2% in
March 1996 to 45.7% in March 2005.
• Data also shows that the share of agricultural credit cornered by
farm sizes of more than 5 acres has increased
• Tenancy is informal and tenant farmers do not get access to credit
(GOI, 2007).

12. Year Share in total agricultural Credit (%)
Direct Finance Indirect Finance Total
1985 83.2 16.8 100.0
1990 86.8 13.2 100.0
2000 84.5 15.5 100.0
2005 76.1 23.9 100.0
2006 72.1 27.9 100.0
2007 74.5 25.5 100.0
2008 77.5 22.5 100.0
2009 77.1 22.9 100.0
2010 76.1 23.9 100.0
Source: Basic Statistical Returns’ Reserve Bank of India, Various Issues
Shares of direct and indirect finance to agriculture in total credit to agriculture
from scheduled commercial banks, India, 1985 to 2009 in per cent

13. Credit limit size class of
loans (Rs)
Share of amount outstanding in total out standing (%)
1990 2000 2005 2010
Less than 2 lakh 82.6 67.6 51.9 44.3
2 lakh to 10 lakh 4.3 11.7 17.9 22.6
10 lakh to 1 crore 7.6 6.6 6.4 6.4
1 crore to 10 crore 4.2 6.7 8.0 6.3
10 crore to 25 crore
1.3
1.7 3.3 2.7
Above 25 crore 5.7 12.6 17.7
100 100 100 100
Source: ‘Basic Statistical Returns’, Reserve Bank of India, Various Issues
Distribution of amount outstanding under total agricultural advances by
scheduled commercial banks, by credit limit size-classes of loans, 1990 to 2010,
in per cent

14. • Not adequate
• Not accessible-
crops, region,
tenant farmers
• Interest
subvention who
benefits?
• How to increase
coverage?
Year Rural + semi-
urban
branches
Only rural
branches
Urban+
metropolitan
branches
Only
metropolitan
branches
All branches
All India
1990 85.1 55.5 14.9 4.0 100.0
1994 83.4 54.6 16.6 5.6 100.0
1995 83.7 52.7 16.3 7.3 100.0
2005 69.3 43.0 30.7 19.0 100.0
2006 62.4 37.1 37.6 23.8 100.0
2008 66.0 38.4 34.0 20.0 100.0
Maharashtra
1990 82.4 59.7 17.6 - 100.0
1994 76.8 52.9 23.2 - 100.0
1995 70.5 46.5 29.5 - 100.0
2005 41.8 26.1 58.2 48.5 100.0
2006 31.6 18.4 68.4 61.3 100.0
2008 42.4 25.7 57.6 48.3 100.0
Share of agriculture credit from different bank branches
1990-2008 (in %)

15. Insurance
• Inadequate coverage: crops, people, regions
• Problems in settling claims
• Claims not covering the loss
• Completely becoming a business model
• How do we increase the coverage and make it
workable to reduce risks

16. subsidies
• On decline….
• Input based hence benefits only the suppliers
• Specific inputs hence drives particular
technologies and models of agriculture
• Farmers own resources, labour never
supported

17. Unremunerative prices
• MSP determination is faulty and unscientific.
• Governments keep the prices low to ensure cheap
labor and cheap inputs, and food security for poor
• Minimum Support Prices are announced for 25
commodities but market intervention only for rice,
wheat, cotton
• Agricultural prices don’t account for living costs of rural
families. Rising inflation has double impact on farmers
with increasing living costs & decreasing incomes
• Removal of quantitative restrictions and allowing
cheaper imports
• Restrictions on exports on certain crops depressing local
market prices

18. State governments irresponsible
MSPs recommended for 2013-14 (Rs/q)
Crop Announced
MSP (Rs/q)
2011-12
Announced
MSP (Rs/q)
2012-13
Recommended
MSP (Rs/q)
2013-14
Announced
MSP (Rs/q)
2013-14
Paddy 1110 1280 2811 1310
Blackgram 3300 4300 7295 4500
Soybean 1650 2200 4382 2500
Groundnut 2700 3700 8019 4000
Sunflower 2800 3700 7412 3700
Sesame 3400 4200 7847 4500
Ragi 1050 1500 2925
Maize 980 1175 2100 1310
Jowar 1000 1520 2862
Redgram 3850 7277 4300
Greengram 4300 7287 4300
Government of Andhra Pradesh

19. Monoculturing crops, varieties, genes, trees animals
• Today Cotton, Maize, Paddy are the only crops whose
area increasing..globally only 3 crops supply 60% of
food
• Within crops 80% of the production comes from few
genetic backgrounds
• Increasing area under hybrid crops in areas not
suitable like rainfed areas, hill regions
• 99 % of the cotton with bt genes to fight four major
pests..several others in pipeline
• Promotion of water intensive orchards in rainfed areas
• Promotion of cross bred animals, buffaloes in rainfed
areas

20. GM crops and foods
• Key issues
• Relevance of GM crops
• Biosafety issues
• IPRs andMarket monopoly
• Conflicts of interests and scandals
• Studies on NPM vs/Bt cotton
• Documentary evidences on Violations of regulations
in field trials,
• Illegal GM food crop field trials
• First reports on Bronze wilt, Tobacco Streak Virus,
Mealybug
• Evidences on sheep death
• Studies on Environmental Risk Assessment and Socio
Economic Impacts
• Contamination
• IPRs
http://www.indiagminfo.org

21. 1995 2000
Changes in area under
the four Gossypium
species
1947
Decline in diversity – a concern

23. GM foods

24. Public Sector-the lost empire
• Crops in pipeline-bt rice, bt brinjal, bt ….
• No IPR literacy
– UAS dharwar, TNAU and CICR cases
• ABSP-II
– UAS dharwar, TNAU
• Regulatory role
– Bt bhendi case in AP
– Bt brinjal trials in AICRP vegetables
• Bt Cotton Case
– Bt Bikeneri Narma case

25. Do you
remember I was
this small when
we first met!
Pests and pesticides contribute to the major economic and ecological problems affecting the
farmers, crops and their living environment
• Pesticide induced pest problem
• Pesticide resistance
• Pesticide poisoning (acute and chronic)
• Pesticide and ecological problems
• IPM > IRM

26. Source: Government of India, 2009; RBI, 2009.
Irrigation and fertilizer based production

27. (‘000 crore)
2008
2012

30. Fertiliser wastage continues..
Nutrient Use Efficiency
1984-85: 24.67 2000-01: 18.08
1990-91: 20.43 2005-06: 16.10
Nutrient Use Efficiency
1984-85: 24.67 2000-01: 18.08
1990-91: 20.43 2005-06: 16.10
Yield Increase-50%
Nutrient Use Increase- 130 %
Yield Increase-50%
Nutrient Use Increase- 130 %
Food production should have been
312 Million Tons

31. State/UT Salinity
(EC
above
3000
µS/cm)
Fluoride
(above 1.5
mg/l)
Nitrate
(above
45 mg/l)
Arsenic
(above
0.01 mg/l)
Iron
(above
1.0mg/l)
Heavy metals:
Lead (above 0.05 mg/l)
Mn (above 0.1 mg/l)
Cr (above 0.05mg/l)
Cd (above 0.01 mg/l)
Andhra Pradesh 16 18 24 15 2
Assam 2 3 11
Bihar 11 10 15 19
Chhattisgarh 14 12 1 4
Gujarat 21 19 23 6
Haryana 14 18 19 17 Lead : 6
Jammu & Kashmir 2 4 6 Lead: 2
Jharkhand 7 13 6
Karnataka 14 21 27 22
Kerala 1 2 11 15
Madhya Pradesh 5 32 51 42 Lead: 16
Maharashtra 14 13 18 20 Lead: 19
Orissa 1 15 26 21 21 Hexalent chromium - 1
Punjab 7 16 20 1 9 Lead: 4
Rajasthan 27 31 33 33 Lead: 1, Copper: 4
Tamil Nadu 6 11 9 2 Lead : 3, Manganese: 3,
Cadmium: 1
Uttar Pradesh 7 17 50 29 16 Lead: 10, Cadmium: 1,
Chromium: 2, Manganese:
1
West Bengal 5 9 2 4 9 Manganese : 5

32. Contributing to Climate Change
• Feed stock to produce N fertilizers in India (2006-07)
– Natural gas-62 %
– Naptha-15 %
– Ammonia (ext. supply)-13 %
– Fuel oil-9 %
– Others-1 %
• Fertilizer industry uses 25 % of Natural Gas, 18 % of Naptha and 14 % of Fuel Oil
• Total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from the manufacturing and transport of
fertiliser are estimated at 6.7 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2, nitrous oxide and methane)
per kg N
• 1.25 kg of N2O emitted per 100 kg of Nitrogen applied
• Globally, an average 50% of the nitrogen used in farming is lost to the
environment:
• as N2O to the air as a potent GHG (310 x CO2)
• as nitrate polluting wells, rivers, and oceans
• Volatilization loss 25-33 %
• Leaching loss 20-30 %

33. Life in queues 2011

34. Life in queues 2012

35. Depleting natural resources
• Increasing dark zones due
to groundwater depletion
• 30 % of soils are reported
to be saline by the recent
study by ministry of
environment

36. BUSINESS AS USUAL IS NOT AN OPTION
Sustainable Agriculture as a tool to improve rural economy

37. Farmer
•Shifting to better and sustainable practices
•Getting organised to deal with the markets and policies
Policy Support
•Supporting sustainable
models
•Regulating unsustainable
practices
•Invest more in agriculture
•Income security to farmers
Market Support
•Farmers moving up the
value chain
•Direct marketing
•Forward and backward
linkages
•Better prices

38. Strategies: with communities
• Reducing the costs of cultivation
– Reducing external input use by NPM/Organic methods
– Collective sourcing
– Small farm mechanisation
• Reducing the risk of crop failures
– Suitable cropping patterns based on soil types and available resources
– Improving soil moisture holding capacity
– Agronomic innovations like SWI in wheat and HDPS in cotton
– Weather monitoring and advisories
• Building Cohesive Communities
– Collective planning
– Regular interactions and building confidence

39. Strategies: Increasing the net incomes of the farming
households
• Increasing productivity
– Good quality seed through community managed seed systems
– timely interventions on pests and disease management and poor soil management
– effective production planning at the farmer level and community level
– Increasing soil organic matter will increasing water holding capacity and thereby
contribute for the enhanced productivity
– Integrating trees (both biomass and fruit trees) in to the cropping system will help the
farmers to have additional incomes
– In a three years period productivity can be increased by at least 10%.
• Improving the work efficiency of the farmers/agriculture workers:
– small farm mechanisation (reducing the number of labour days and drudgery)
– Building biogas units
• Increasing the price realisation: Collectivisation will improve the bargaining power
and can increase the price realisation at least by 10%. Value addition provides
additional sources of income.
• Additional income generating activities: backyard poultry, nursery raising, seed
production, food processing etc. These will also provide additional person days of
work.

40. Strategies: Sustainability
• Farmers Institutions: Program built through farmers institutions
and focus on building good governance
• Change as ‘Factor 10’: reducing the costs of cultivation by 10% and
increasing the productivity and price realisations by 10%.
• Incremental change: entry points would be based on the most
pressing problems in the region.
• Knowledge based Extension: Regular farmer field schools, quality
resource material, experienced farmers as resource persons are
approaches used by us. The production practices are custom
developed for each region based on the soil type, locally available
resources and problems faced
• Using ICT tools: locally produced quality videos, call centre
• Convergence with the ongoing government programmes
• Showcasing the success stories

41. 41
Changing to multiple cropping systems

42. 42Switching over to ecological farming practices

43. Habitat conversion and
enhancement
Stress pest/
enhance beneficials
Reactive inputs
Build healthy soils
Other practices to
reduce crop stress
Growing healthy plants
Reducing pest numbers
Minimal pest damage
Non Pesticidal Management

44. Non-Bt Genotype under HDPS versus Bt hybrid-
(Spacing 45x15 cm for variety and 90x60 cm for Bt hybrid)
Yield (q/ha)
Parbhani Khandwa
Genotype 2010-11 2011-12 Genotype 2010-11 2011-12
NH-545 12.85 17.03 Vikram 18.47 14.72
NH-452 12.21 15.23 Khandwa 2 19.11 15.22
PKV-081 12.38 15.40 JK-4 20.14 16.04
Mallika Bt 13.88 — Jai Bt 13.38 —
Akola Nandyal
PKV-081 17.31 15.87 Narasimha 18.47 18.94
NH-615 16.19 16.19 Sivanandi 18.67 20.42
NH-630 19.07 16.46 NDLH-1938 25.10 23.55
Bunny Bt 10.28 — Bunny Bt 22.98 19.85
CICR results on High Density Plantation of Cotton
Straight varieties
1.Short duration 140-160 days,
2.Compact plant type
3.6-8 bolls per plant with
4.best quality and big bolls
5.High density at 250,000 /ha

45. 45
System of Rice Intensification
• System of Rice Intensification is a
cost effective and resource
efficient method of cultivation
• Extended to sugarcane, wheat,
ragi etc

46. Punukula,
the first pesticides-free village

47. Yenabavi -Organic Village
• Entire village (55 households’ 228 acres) organic for last five
years
• Most of the inputs internalised into farming
• Land Productivity increased, crop yields maintained
• In SRI paddy 44 bags were also recorded
• Recently awarded Krishi Gaurav Award by Baba Ramdev’s
Patanjali Trust for their role in promoting organic farming
• More than 30 thousand farmers visited the village in last
three years

48. Community Managed Sustainable
Agriculture in Andhra Pradesh
Basic Principles
 Regenerative, ecologically sound practices
 Organized action by communities in
planning, implementing and managing the
program
 Govt/ngos playing facilitating agency role
2004-05 started with 225 acres in one dist and
reached 7 lakh acres in 2007-08 in 18 dist. World
Bank says this is a good tool for poverty
eradication and now promoted as part of NRLM
With 50 % development expenditure one can
double the incomes of the farmers
A national program called Mahila Krishi
Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) is launched
based on this experiencce

49. 0.225 25
200 700
1300
2000
2800
3500 3600
0.1 15
80
300
600
1000
1500 1600 1770
2135 1997
1394 1541 1381
1015
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Acerage ('000acres) Farmers ('000) Pesticide use (MT Active Ingradient)
Farmers and area covered under CMSA
http://65.19.149.140/pilots/cmsanew/index.html

50. Distinguished visitors
Dr. V L Chopra,
Member Planning Commission
Jairam Ramesh,
Honble Minister for
Commerce
T. Nandakumar
Secretary Agriculture
GOI

51. States/UTs 2004-05 2005-06 2006-072007-08 2008-09 2009-10kg/ha
2000-01
kg/ha
2009-10
Punjab 6900 5610 5975 6080 5760 5810 0.98 0.82
Haryana 4520 4560 4600 4390 4288 4070 0.84 0.68
Andhra
Pradesh 2135 1997 1394 1541 1381 1015 0.34 0.09
Maharastra 3030 3198 3193 3050 2400 4639 0.17 0.24
Tamil Nadu 2466 2211 3940 2048 2317 2335 0.32 0.45
Gujarat 2900 2700 2670 2660 2650 2750 0.30 0.29
Kerala 360 571 545 780 272.69 631 0.31 0.26
Karnataka 2200 1638 1362 1588 1675 1647 0.17 0.14
Status of pesticide utilization in different states**
**Source: http://ppqs.gov.in/IpmPesticides.htm MT of active ingredient

52. Average Reduction in costs and net
additional income for different crops
Crops Reduction in cost
due to NPM (Rs)
Reduction in costs due to use
of organic fertilisers/manures
(Rs)
Net additional
income (Rs)
Paddy 940 1450 5590
Maize 1319 2357 5676
Cotton 1733 1968 5676
Chillies 1733 1968 7701
Groundnut 1021 3462 10483
Vegetables 1400 390 3790
3rd Party Evaluation of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) : Community Managed
Organic Farming implemented by SERP
Evaluation Team
Prof. R. Ratnakar, Director, Dr. M. Surya Mani, Professor, EXTENSION EDUCATION
INSTITUTE, (Southern Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India

53. Improved Agricultural Incomes (Pre CMSA Compared
to Post CMSA farms)
Average Returns: District wise/Farmer/ha.:
S.N
o
District
Average returns per farmer/ha. (Rs. per
annum) Percent of Increase in
Net Returns (in %)Pre-CMSA Post-CMSA
1 Srikakulam 52,398. 80 55,596.84 6.10
2 Guntur 29,631.43 65,319.97 120
3 Nellore 37,976.19 72,894.48 91.94
4 Anantapur 15,333.54 25,493.16 66.25
5 Warangal 51,351.39 73,904.52 43.91
6 Medak 35.511.10 37,962.04 6.90
53
Note: A huge increase is observed in Guntur district due to the fact that the Chilly crop has had a high remunerative
price which has more than doubled.

54. Sr.n
o
District Suicides Severe cases of hospitalization
Before
2005-06
After 2005-06 Before
2005-06
After 2005-06
In NPM
villages
Other
villages
In NPM
villages
Other
villages
1 Khammam*
(4 villages/
4 mandals)
3 0 9 139 0 104
2 Vijayanagaram*
*
0 0 0 6 0 2
3 Adilabad *
(18 mandals)
26 0 3 97 0 40
Total 29 0 12 242 0 146
Status of Suicides and Severe Hospitalization, 2007-08
* Crops grown are cotton, chillies, redgram and paddy
** Crops grown are paddy, vegetables

55. Maharashtra
• CSA started working in Dorli cluster
from 2006
• Today farmers are back to farming and
managing
• Started a seed producer company

56. Comparative economics (2012-13)
Operations Cotton Wheat Soy Gram
Cost (NPM) Cost (Chemical)Cost
(NPM)
Cost (Chemical)Cost (NPM) Cost
(Chemical)
Cost
(NPM)
Cost
(Chemical)
Preparatory Tillage 3800 2900 3000 2200 3500 2700 3000 2100
Seeds Bed Preparation 550 200 300 - 300 - 300 300
Seed & Sowing 2400 2060 500 1800 1900 1800 500 1100
Nutrient Management 500 3920 500 1500 500 850 500 1400
Pest and Disease
Management
200 830 400 - 200 1000 200 2000
Intercultural
Operation
2700 2250 2800 900 2800 1800 2800 1300
Harvesting 7000
(Rs. 500/Q)
6000
(Rs 500/Q
2500 2500 2200 2500 2200 2200
Transportation 1400(100/Q) 1200(100/Q) 850 1200 350 450 700 600
Yield 14Q/acre 12Q/acre 17Q/Acre 12Q/Ac 7Q/Acre 9Q/Acre 14Q/Ac 12Q/Acre
Selling price/Q 60200
(Rs.4300/Q)
48000
(Rs. 4000/Q)
24500 31500 42000 48000
Dealers margin 753(53.75/Q) 600(50/Q) - - 1400
(storage)
1200
(storage)
Total Cost 19300 25220 8862 7800 11450 14100 11100 13000
Net income 40900 22780 21738 10200 13050 17400 30900 35000
Cost:Benefit 2.11 0.9 2.45 1.3 0.88 0.81 2.78 2.69

57. Organic Hybrids through
Participatory Plant Breeding
• CSA worked on developing non GM cotton varieties
and hybrids through participatory plant breeding
which are used by organic farming groups

58. Malkha cotton fabric
• CSA along with Decentralised Cotton Yarn Trust established Decentralised
cotton processing units where in cotton can be processed without bailing
and can be calibrated for diverse cotton varieties. Three units are now in
Andhra Pradesh, at Punukula, Siricilla and Boorgula. The units provide
employment to the 30 people in the village.

59. Community Managed Seed Systems

60. Sahaja Aharam Community Marketing
Producer Co-op-1
Farmer Group B
Consumer Co-op
•Healthy food
•Affordable Price
•Max share to farmers Organic Store
Mobile Store
Direct to Home
Producer Co-op-2
Other farmers and
farmers groups
Farmer Group A
Farmer Group C
Sahaja Aharam
Cooperative Federation
•Capacity building
•Institutional building
•Investment support
•Brand building
•Qualtiy Management
•Fair Trade
Market place
Direct to
resellers
Whole sale to
traders
Bulk buyers
Organic Store
Processing units
Seed market
Yet to estiblish
Marketing
Agency
Value Chain
Fund

62. COOPERATIVE MELA

63. Kisan Swaraj Policy
• economic sustainability and income security
for agricultural families,
• ecological sustainability to preserve the
productive natural resources,
• people's control and access to agricultural
resources including land, water, forest, seed
and knowledge,
• ensuring non-toxic, diverse, nutritious and
adequate food for all Indians.

64. www.csa-india.org
www.krishi.tv
www.agrariancrisis.in
Facebook: ramoo.agripage
Twitter: ramanjaneyuluGV
Email: ramoo.csa@gmail.com
Phone: 040-27017735, 09000699702