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Электрохимические накопители
энергии
Удельная энергия
Втч/кг
Бензин 12800
Дизельное топливо 12000
Каменный уголь 6500
Природный газ 10000 (Втч/м3)
Этанол 8300
Метанол 6300
SC Battery (Li-ion)
Energy 1-5 Wh/kg 30-300 Wh/kg
Typical
charge/discharge time
20-30 s 1-10 hours
Fast charge 10 s 15 min
Power 5-20 kW/kg 0.1-3 kW/kg
Self-discharge rate High Low
Cycle life >106 <104
Calendar life 5-20 yrs. 1-10 yrs.
Operation temperature
(charge)
-40÷+60 0C -40÷+60 0C (-20÷+60 0C)
Efficiency >98 % (due to low ESR) 70-95 %
Safety
No self-ignition danger.
Relatively simple disposal and
recycling
No special transportation
restrictions
Self-ignition danger (Li-ion)
Complex disposal and
recycling
Anode:
xLi+ + xe- + 6C↔ LixC6
Cathode:
LiCoO2 ↔ Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe-
Total:
LiCoO2 + 6C ↔ Li1-xCoO2 + LixC6
Name Electrodes:
Cathode
(Anode)
Companies Power Energy Safety Life Cost Fast
charging
LCO LiCoO2
(Graphite)
Panasonic, Sony,
Hitachi
NCA LiNixCoyAlzO2
(Graphite)
JCI-SAFT, GAIA,
Panasonic, Toyota
NMC LiNixCoyMnzO2
(Graphite)
Litcel (Mitsubishi),
Panasonic, Kokam,
NEC Lamilion
LFP LiFePO4
(Graphite)
A123 Systems,
Valence, LTC/GAIA,
BYD, China BAK,
LiFeBATT
LMO LiMn2O4
(Graphite)
(Hard carbon)
(Li4Ti5O12)
GS Yuasa, LG Chem,
Litcel (Mitsubishi),
NEC Lamilion,
Enerdel, ABAT,
Altairnano
Li-ion charge CCCV
A123 Systems
Габарит Емкость Мощность
18650 1,1 А·ч
1,9 кВт/кг
4,4 кВт/л
26650 2,3 А·ч
2,2 кВт/кг
4,4 кВт/л
32113 4,4 А·ч
2,7 кВт/кг
6,0 кВт/л
20 А·ч
2,4 кВт/кг
4,5 кВт/л
ANR26650M1
Номинальное
напряжение
3,3 В
Ток длительного
разряда
70 А
Импульсный
разряд 10с
120 А
Ресурс
циклирования
100 % DOD
>1000
Температурный
диапазон
-30 + 60 0C
Вес 70 г
Классификация Емкость, А∙ч
Удельная
мощность,
Вт/кг
Удельная
энергия,
Вт∙ч/кг
Максималь-
ный
разрядный
ток,A
VL 5U Ultra high power 5,0
21500
28600
52 2000
VL 6A Very high power 6,0
9400
12000
65 350
VL 12V Very high power 14,0
10000
12700
80 1700
VL 34P High power 33,0
3800
6000
128 500
VL 52E High energy 52,0 185 52
VL 10VFe Very high power 10,0
5500
7200
55 1750
VL 25VFe High power 25,0 5000 90 500
VL 45EFe Very high energy 44,0 500 156 50
SAFT
Electrical characteristics
Nominal voltage
(0.5 A rate at 20°C)
3.75 V
Typical capacity 20°C
(at 0.5 A 20°C 2.5 V cut off)
2.60 Ah (when charged up to 4.2 V)
2.35 Ah (when charged up to 4.1 V)
Mechanical characteristics (Unsleeved 100% charged cell)
Thickness max 14.5 mm
Width max 43 mm
Height max 50 mm
Typical weight 68 g
Lithium equivalent content 0.8 g
Volume 28 cm3
Nominal energy 10 Wh
Operating conditions
Charge method Constant Current/Constant Voltage
Charge voltage 4.20 +/– 0.05 V
Maximum recommended charge current 2.6 A (C rate)
Charge temperature range – 20°C to + 60°C
Maximum continuous discharge current 5.0 A (~2C rate)
Pulse discharge current up to 10 A (~4C rate)
Discharge cut off voltage 2.5 V
Discharge temperature range – 50°C to + 60°C
Cycle life 100% DoD, 80% initial capacity 500
Rechargeable lithium-ion battery
MP 144350
Cell Mechanical characteristics
Diameter max 47 mm
Height max 173 mm
Mass max 0.64 kg
Cell operating conditions
Lower voltage limit for
discharge:
Continuous (- 20 C to +
45 C) pulse
2.5/2.0 V
Pulse 1.9 V
Charge method Constant
Current/Constant
Voltage
Charge voltage 4.1 + 0.04 V
Recommended
continuous charge
current at 25° C
C/1 (2.5 hours)
End of charge detection 100 mA
Total charging time:
15 C (80% SOC) 20 minutes
5 C (85% SOC) 50 minutes
Operating temperature
Charge + 5° C to + 35° C
Discharge - 40° C to + 60° C
Storage and
transportation
temperature
- 50° C to + 65° C
Cycle life 100% DoD,
80% initial capacity
2,000 cycles
Shallow cycling (50%
SOC Δ ~3% DOD)
> 500,000 cycles
Electrical characteristics
Nominal voltage
(0.5 A rate at 20°C)
3.6 V
Nominal capacity at C rate
at 4.1 V/2.5 V & 25° C
12 Ah
Maximum discharge
current at 25° C:
Continuous 1,500 A
2 s Pulse 2,200 A
100 ms Pulse 3,200 A
Specific energy 74 Wh/kg
Energy density 175 Wh/l
Specific power at 25° C, 100% SOC (2.5 V)
18 s pulse (2.5 V) 6,000 W/kg
2 s pulse (2.5 V) 8,000 W/kg
200 ms pulse (2.5 V) 12,000 W/kg
Power density at 25° C/ peak pulse/ 100% SOC
18 s pulse (2.5 V) 14,000 W/l
2 s pulse (2.5 V) 19,000 W/l
200 ms pulse (2.5 V) 29,000 W/l
2 s pulse at -30° C at 50%
SOC (1.9 V)
2,150 W/kg
Rechargeable lithium-ion battery
VL12 V - Very high power cell
Lithium-Sulfur technology
Lithium-Air technology
Na-ion
Mg-ion
Fuel cells
Flow-battery
Flow-battery
Couple
Max. cell
voltage (V)
Average fluid
energy density
(Wh/kg)
Hydrogen lithium - bromate 1.1 750
Hydrogen lithium - chlorate 1.4 1400
Vanadium –Vanadium
(sulphate)
1.4 25
Vanadium –Vanadium
(Bromide)
50
Sodium–bromine polysulfide 1.54
Zinc–bromine 1.85 75
Благодарю за внимание!

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Электрохимические накопители энергии

  • 2.
  • 3. Удельная энергия Втч/кг Бензин 12800 Дизельное топливо 12000 Каменный уголь 6500 Природный газ 10000 (Втч/м3) Этанол 8300 Метанол 6300
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. SC Battery (Li-ion) Energy 1-5 Wh/kg 30-300 Wh/kg Typical charge/discharge time 20-30 s 1-10 hours Fast charge 10 s 15 min Power 5-20 kW/kg 0.1-3 kW/kg Self-discharge rate High Low Cycle life >106 <104 Calendar life 5-20 yrs. 1-10 yrs. Operation temperature (charge) -40÷+60 0C -40÷+60 0C (-20÷+60 0C) Efficiency >98 % (due to low ESR) 70-95 % Safety No self-ignition danger. Relatively simple disposal and recycling No special transportation restrictions Self-ignition danger (Li-ion) Complex disposal and recycling
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Anode: xLi+ + xe- + 6C↔ LixC6 Cathode: LiCoO2 ↔ Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe- Total: LiCoO2 + 6C ↔ Li1-xCoO2 + LixC6
  • 11. Name Electrodes: Cathode (Anode) Companies Power Energy Safety Life Cost Fast charging LCO LiCoO2 (Graphite) Panasonic, Sony, Hitachi NCA LiNixCoyAlzO2 (Graphite) JCI-SAFT, GAIA, Panasonic, Toyota NMC LiNixCoyMnzO2 (Graphite) Litcel (Mitsubishi), Panasonic, Kokam, NEC Lamilion LFP LiFePO4 (Graphite) A123 Systems, Valence, LTC/GAIA, BYD, China BAK, LiFeBATT LMO LiMn2O4 (Graphite) (Hard carbon) (Li4Ti5O12) GS Yuasa, LG Chem, Litcel (Mitsubishi), NEC Lamilion, Enerdel, ABAT, Altairnano
  • 12.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. A123 Systems Габарит Емкость Мощность 18650 1,1 А·ч 1,9 кВт/кг 4,4 кВт/л 26650 2,3 А·ч 2,2 кВт/кг 4,4 кВт/л 32113 4,4 А·ч 2,7 кВт/кг 6,0 кВт/л 20 А·ч 2,4 кВт/кг 4,5 кВт/л ANR26650M1 Номинальное напряжение 3,3 В Ток длительного разряда 70 А Импульсный разряд 10с 120 А Ресурс циклирования 100 % DOD >1000 Температурный диапазон -30 + 60 0C Вес 70 г
  • 19.
  • 20. Классификация Емкость, А∙ч Удельная мощность, Вт/кг Удельная энергия, Вт∙ч/кг Максималь- ный разрядный ток,A VL 5U Ultra high power 5,0 21500 28600 52 2000 VL 6A Very high power 6,0 9400 12000 65 350 VL 12V Very high power 14,0 10000 12700 80 1700 VL 34P High power 33,0 3800 6000 128 500 VL 52E High energy 52,0 185 52 VL 10VFe Very high power 10,0 5500 7200 55 1750 VL 25VFe High power 25,0 5000 90 500 VL 45EFe Very high energy 44,0 500 156 50 SAFT
  • 21. Electrical characteristics Nominal voltage (0.5 A rate at 20°C) 3.75 V Typical capacity 20°C (at 0.5 A 20°C 2.5 V cut off) 2.60 Ah (when charged up to 4.2 V) 2.35 Ah (when charged up to 4.1 V) Mechanical characteristics (Unsleeved 100% charged cell) Thickness max 14.5 mm Width max 43 mm Height max 50 mm Typical weight 68 g Lithium equivalent content 0.8 g Volume 28 cm3 Nominal energy 10 Wh Operating conditions Charge method Constant Current/Constant Voltage Charge voltage 4.20 +/– 0.05 V Maximum recommended charge current 2.6 A (C rate) Charge temperature range – 20°C to + 60°C Maximum continuous discharge current 5.0 A (~2C rate) Pulse discharge current up to 10 A (~4C rate) Discharge cut off voltage 2.5 V Discharge temperature range – 50°C to + 60°C Cycle life 100% DoD, 80% initial capacity 500 Rechargeable lithium-ion battery MP 144350
  • 22. Cell Mechanical characteristics Diameter max 47 mm Height max 173 mm Mass max 0.64 kg Cell operating conditions Lower voltage limit for discharge: Continuous (- 20 C to + 45 C) pulse 2.5/2.0 V Pulse 1.9 V Charge method Constant Current/Constant Voltage Charge voltage 4.1 + 0.04 V Recommended continuous charge current at 25° C C/1 (2.5 hours) End of charge detection 100 mA Total charging time: 15 C (80% SOC) 20 minutes 5 C (85% SOC) 50 minutes Operating temperature Charge + 5° C to + 35° C Discharge - 40° C to + 60° C Storage and transportation temperature - 50° C to + 65° C Cycle life 100% DoD, 80% initial capacity 2,000 cycles Shallow cycling (50% SOC Δ ~3% DOD) > 500,000 cycles Electrical characteristics Nominal voltage (0.5 A rate at 20°C) 3.6 V Nominal capacity at C rate at 4.1 V/2.5 V & 25° C 12 Ah Maximum discharge current at 25° C: Continuous 1,500 A 2 s Pulse 2,200 A 100 ms Pulse 3,200 A Specific energy 74 Wh/kg Energy density 175 Wh/l Specific power at 25° C, 100% SOC (2.5 V) 18 s pulse (2.5 V) 6,000 W/kg 2 s pulse (2.5 V) 8,000 W/kg 200 ms pulse (2.5 V) 12,000 W/kg Power density at 25° C/ peak pulse/ 100% SOC 18 s pulse (2.5 V) 14,000 W/l 2 s pulse (2.5 V) 19,000 W/l 200 ms pulse (2.5 V) 29,000 W/l 2 s pulse at -30° C at 50% SOC (1.9 V) 2,150 W/kg Rechargeable lithium-ion battery VL12 V - Very high power cell
  • 24.
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  • 36.
  • 38. Flow-battery Couple Max. cell voltage (V) Average fluid energy density (Wh/kg) Hydrogen lithium - bromate 1.1 750 Hydrogen lithium - chlorate 1.4 1400 Vanadium –Vanadium (sulphate) 1.4 25 Vanadium –Vanadium (Bromide) 50 Sodium–bromine polysulfide 1.54 Zinc–bromine 1.85 75
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.