1. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
Synthesis, Characterization and Some Properties of
Glycerol Ester Based Non-Ionic Gemini Surfactant
with 1, 2, 7, 8 -Diepoxideoctane as Spacer
*Ishwar T. Gawali1, Ghayas. A. Usmani2
Department of Oil Technology, University Institute of Chemical Technology,
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425001, MS, India
Abstract: The synthesis of novel glycerol based non-ionic gemini surfactant was carried out in two stages in the present research work.
Initially glycerol was esterified using cotton seed oil at higher temperature followed by reaction with 1, 2, 7, 8-Diepoxideoctane to form
the non-ionic gemini surfactant. The new gemini surfactant was characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of surfactant on Solubilization of polar and non-polar solute was studied. Contact angles with
respect to different solid probes were measured. It can be concluded that the new glycerol-based non-ionic gemini surfactant exhibit
generally good solubilizing and wetting behaviour.
Keywords: Gemini Surfactant, Characterization, SEM, Solubilization Behaviour, Contact angle.
1. Introduction
studied properties. Anno Wagennaar et al synthesized non-ionic
reduced-sugar based bola amphiphiles and gemini
Surfactants are well known materials generally described
as compounds bearing a hydrophobic and hydrophilic
group per molecule. They are well known to have
numerous uses such as emulsifier, detergents, dispersants
and solubilizing agents in the field of cosmetic, textile
treatment, industrial and personal cleaning operation. As
consequence of hydrophobic effect, the surfactants within
the aggregated assemblies are oriented with their polar
head groups to the aqueous phase and their hydrophobic
tail away from the aqueous phase [1]. Today, new
surfactants should be milder, safer, and efficient with a
minimal impact on the environment. Environmental
awareness and protection have led to the development of
more environmentally benign surfactant. There is trend
toward replacing petrochemicals by renewable raw
materials [2].
Gemini surfactants are newer type of surfactants capable
of forming self assemblies having two amphiphiles in
molecules, chemically bonded through a spacer group.
They are more surface active by order of magnitude than
conventional surfactants. They have good water solubility
and their ability to form micelles and lowering surface
tension characteristics are fairly good as compared to
conventional surfactants [1], [3]-[4]. Gemini surfactants
have a very high potential for practical applications
because of their excellent ability to reduce surface tension
of water and low Krafft temperatures. Due to their high
molecular weight, skin penetration of gemini surfactant is
expected to be low, which is one of the desirable
properties of a surfactant to be used in body care products
such as soaps, shampoos and cosmetics. However, the
main factor that has prevented the use of Gemini
surfactants in practical applications is their higher cost [5],
[4].
There are several research publications on Gemini
surfactants and their potential applications. Aratani et al
have synthesized Gemini surfactants from tartaric acid and
surfactants with an α, ω-diamino-(oxa) alkyl spacer.
Wenjian Zhang et al synthesized non-ionic gemini
surfactant Di-Glycerol 2, 9-Dihexyldecanedioate and
studied the physico-chemical and performance properties
[1], [6]-[7].
In order to make the use of gemini surfactant cost
effective, efficient and economically viable in wide variety
of applications, gemini surfactant are expected to be
produced via a low cost synthetic mechanism. One of the
keys of achieving this is by use of cheap and readily
available feed stock and simple reaction mechanism. In the
present research work, a new Gemini surfactant using
glycerol as hydrophilic head group and cotton seed oil as
source of hydrophobic tail has been synthesized. There is
industrial important for the use of glycerol due to its low
cost factor. Cotton seed oil contains linoleic acid as a
major component. Pure linoleic acid is not cost effective
and may not be economic for the industrial use. Synthesis
involved initial esterification of glycerol to form glycerol
ester which was dimerised using 1, 2,7, 8-Diepoxide. The
prepared non-ionic Gemini surfactant was thoroughly
characterized. Solubilization behaviour and contact angle
measurement were studied in detail.
2. Experimental Procedure
2.1 Materials and Equipment Setup
The cotton seed oil was procured from local market.
Glycerol with purity > 99%, Calcium oxide, 1, 2 7, 8-
diepoxideoctane, Methanol, Sodium hydroxide were
purchased from Merck. The Infrared (IR) spectrum was
obtained by SHIMADZU FTIR 8400 in the 400-4000 cm-1
range using KBr pellets. Proton nuclear magnetic
resonance (1H –NMR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
(13C–NMR) spectra were obtained with Bruker advanced
400 MHz spectroscopy.
Volume 3 Issue 10, October 2014
www.ijsr.net
Paper ID: SEP14701 580
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY

2. 2
.2 Experimen
tep1: The exp
ecked round b
hermometer a
.1 moles) was
y using calci
atalyst. Firstly
eaction mixtur
emperature wa
ontinued for t
resence of nitr
onstant tempe
nalyzed by us
Sn
e
th
0
by
ca
re
te
co
pr
co
an
Internatio
ntal Section
perimental set
bottom flask
and condenser
s reacted with
ium oxide (1
y, the catalyst
re was heated
as increased to
three hours in
rogen. The oi
erature. The fo
ing solubility
S
cheme 1: Syn
S
tep 2: Glycer
a
500 ml thre
te
emperature wa
the weight of
methanol was
a
aised to 1400C
mole (7.1 gm)
The reaction w
tmosphere und
hmr
mT at
onal Journa
up consisted
equipped wit
r. The cotton
h glycerol (23
% of total am
was disperse
d to 80OC for
o 210-230OC.
the inert atmo
l bath was use
formation of g
test in methan
nthesis of Gly
rol ester 0.1 m
ee necked ro
as raised to 85
f the glycerol
added into th
C. The spacer
was then add
was continued
der the presen
Scheme 2: Sy
3
3
3
IR
ab
1a
in
1
1
sk
al of Scienc
N (Online): 23
ct Factor (201
of a 250 ml th
th motor stirre
seed oil (90
3gm, 0.25 mo
mount of oil
ed in the oil. T
half an hour
The reaction
osphere under
ed to maintain
glycerol ester
nol [8].
cerol ester fro
mole (31.2 gm
ound bottom
50C and KOH
l ester) disso
he flask. The
1, 2, 7, 8-diep
ded drop wise
d for three h
nce of nitrogen
ynthesis of Ge
er and 1, 2, 7,
and Discus
ization
este
. Results a
.1 Characteri
.1.1 FTIR
R spectra of G
bsorption ban
and 2857 cm-1
n methylene a
109-1050cm-1
(OH- symm
keletal presen
hree
er, a
gm,
oles)
) as
Then
and
was
r the
n the
was
om cotton seed
m) was charge
flask. Then
(0.3% referre
olved in the
temperature
poxideoctane 0
e for half an h
hours in the i
n. [9].
emini surfacta
8-Diepoxideo
ssion
Gemini surfact
nds at 1734 cm
(C-H asymm
and methyl gro
(C-O stretch
metric stretchi
t in synthesize
d oil
ed in
the
ed to
dry
was
0.05
hour.
inert
ant from glyce
octane
tant is given i
m-1 (C=O stret
metric and sym
oup), 1459cm
hing in C-O of
ing), 715 cm
ed compound
erol
in fig. 1. It sh
tching), 2928
mmetric stretch
m-1 (O-H bendi
f ether), 3414
m-1 for -(CH
[10]
Licens
ISSN
Impac
hows
cm-hing
ing),
cm-
H2)n-
Volume 3
sed Under Cre
ce and Rese
19-7064
12): 3.358
3414.12
earch (IJSR
4000 3500 3
52.5
%T
45
37.5
30
22.5
15
7.5
0
2928.04
2857.64
2353.23
2126.59
3000 2500 2000
Figure 1: FT
R)
TIR spectra of
3.1.2 3
1H-NMR
The 1H-NMR
observed peak
1.3 ppm are
methylene (C
respectively. T
may be due to
n the synthes
1.5 ppm is du
proton with δ
attached to o
group (OH) in
2.1 ppm is as
[10]. Some ex
only from the
byproducts an
To1
mr
m in
1pa
g2[
ob
G
GSMGEP-6
10 9 8
5.0177
4.4900
3.1.3 3
13C-NMR
The 13C-NMR
observed peak
172 ppm may
synthesized co
To1s
Issue 10, O
www.ijsr.ne
eative Commo
Figure 2: 1
October 201
et
ons Attribution
3.3923
3.4431
3.4319
3.4589
3.4477
3.4698
3.4861
3.4747
3.5212
3.5146
3.5748
3.6132
3.5847
7 6 5
14
n CC BY
1734.06
1639.55
1568.18
1545.03
1459.20
1750 1500
1245.09
1181.44
1109.11
1050.28
922 .00
867 .03
715 .61
668 36
1250 1000 750
f synthesized n
rfactant
sur
R
R spectra of g
ks is shown in
due to the p
CH2) group
The multiplet
o the ether gro
sized compoun
ue to the CH-
δ-value at 5.
xygen atom
n the synthesi
ssigned to th
xtra peaks ar
synthesized
d unreacted co
3.3845
668.36
non-ionic Gem
gemini surfac
fig. 2. The sh
presence of m
in synthe
accruing at 3.
oup i.e. CH2-O
nd. The proto
- proton in th
.5 ppm is du
i.e. presence
ized compoun
he ester group
re obtained. T
compound bu
ompounds.
3.3757
3.3485
3.3377
1H-NMR spec
3.1556
3.1862
3.1727
3.1957
3.2273
3.2110
3.2565
3.2403
3.2727
3.2908
3.2817
3.3192
3.3085
0.93
0.79
2.82
2.17
1.04
6.41
1.91
3.34
0.97
1.00
1.89
4 3 2
474.50
500
1/cm
mini
ctant assigned
hift at 0.9 ppm
methyl (CH3)
sized compo
.7 ppm to 3.4
O-C group pre
on with δ-valu
he compound.
ue to the pr
e of the hydr
nd. The δ-valu
p i.e. CH-CO
They resulted
ut also from o
3.1264
3.0692
3 0588
3.0588
3.0860
3.1435
7.52
1.42
1.1648
1.0893
1.2048
1.7255
1.5929
1.8300
1.9090
1.8485
3.0323
5.06
9.36
d for
m and
and
ound
ppm
esent
ue at
The
roton
roxyl
ue at
O-OR
d not
other
BRUKER
AVANCE II
Spectrome
SAIF
Panjab Un
Chandigar
I 400 NMR
eter
niversity
rh
Current Data
NAME
EXPNO
PROCNO
F2 - Acquisit
Date_
Time
INSTRUM
PROBHD 5 mm
PULPROG
TD
SOLVENT
NS
DS
SWH
FIDRES
AQ
RG
DW
DE
TE
D1
d12
TD0
======== CHAN
NUC1
P1
PL1
PL9
SFO1 4
F2 - Processi
SI
SF 4
WDW
SSB
LB
GB
PC
1 0 ppm
ctra of synthes
i surfactant
gemini
R
R spectra of ge
ks is shown i
y be assigned
ompound. Th
Parameters
Jun27-2014
tion Parameters
m PABBO BB-zgpr
5.00000000 sec
0.00002000 sec
NNEL f1 ========
400.1318806 MHz
ing parameters
400.1300891 MHz
avtar_saifpu@y
yahoo.co.in
sized non-ioni
emini surfactan
n fig. 3. The
d to the C=O
he various pea
20140627
12019.230 Hz
0.366798 Hz
1.3631988 sec
ic
nt obtained fo
chemical shi
of ester in
aks at 13-51
271
1
17.37
spect
32768
D2O
8
2
228
41.600 usec
6.00 usec
296.2 K
1
1H
10.90 usec
-3.00 dB
50.23 dB
16384
EM
0
0.00 Hz
0
1.00
or the
ift at
n the
ppm
Paper ID: SEP14701 581

3. ar
sy
be
co
pr
am
at
re due to the
ynthesized com
e assigned to
ompound. Th
resence of CH
mount of unsa
t 127-129 ppm
GSMGEP-1
173.33
172 98
172.98
2
3
S
Internatio
presence of m
mpound. The
the RCH2OR
he peak accru
H-OH moiety
aturated alkyl
m [11].
70.40
71.26
71.30
72.10
72.31
72.51
75.54
77.55
77.88
78.08
78.21
127.38
127.46
129.21
129.28
129.37
129.43
129.54
40 220 200 180 16
m thms
o
de
co
3
As
o
2
Suo
c
to
ro
methyl and me
chemical shi
R i.e. ether gro
uing at 71 pp
y in the comp
chains is evid
37.66
38.85
39.06
39.27
39.48
39.69
39.90
40.11
50.80
58.29
62.80
63.04
64.93
66.08
67.80
68.95
69.34
70.22
60 140 120 100 80
Figure 3: 13
3C-NMR of sy
.1.4 Scanning
EM has be
morphology of
he synthesize
medium. It w
omewhat sph
epends upon
oncentration,
Figure 4: SES
.2. Solubiliza
A light-scatter
olubilizing po
8OC using
olubilizing po
sing dispersin
ctanol as a
ogether with
otary shaker a
al of Scienc
N (Online): 23
ct Factor (201
ethylene grou
ft at 63 ppm m
oup present in
pm is due to
pound. The sm
dent from the
26.60
26.72
28.51
28.61
28.66
28.73
28.88
28.96
29.07
60 40 20 0
25 96
25.24
25.96
ynthesized non
factant
icroscopy
to characteri
Fig.4 shows th
at different
that image
ape. The sha
ngth of hyd
and ionic stren
surf
g Electron M
een used t
f substances. F
ed surfactant
was observed
herical in sha
n chain len
temperature a
EM image of s
Surfactants in
ation Measure
ring techniqu
ower of the p
Hatch mod
ower of surfa
ng paraffin oi
polar solute.
100 ml of su
at 240 rpm for
13.65
13.69
21.97
22.08
24.34
24.45
25.07
-20 ppm
25.18
up in
may
n the
the
mall
line
BRUKER
AVANCE II
Spectrome
SAIF
Panjab Un
Chandigar
400 NMR
ter
niversity
rh
Current Data P
NAME J
EXPNO
PROCNO
F2 - Acquisiti
Date_
Time
INSTRUM
PROBHD 5 mm
PULPROG
TD
SOLVENT
NS
DS
SWH
FIDRES
AQ
RG
DW
DE
TE
D1 2
d11 0
DELTA 1
TD0
======== CHANN
NUC1
P1
PL1
SFO1 10
======== CHANN
CPDPRG2
NUC2
PCPD2
PL2
PL12
PL13
SFO2 40
F2 - Processin
SI
SF 10
WDW
SSB
LB
GB
PC
Parameters
Jun27-2014
ion Parameters
PABBO BB-zgpg30
29761.904 Hz
0.454131 Hz
1.1010548 sec
2.00000000 sec
0.03000000 sec
1.89999998 sec
NEL f1 ========
00.6228298 MHz
NEL f2 ========
00.1316005 MHz
ng parameters
00.6128193 MHz
avtar_saifpu@ya
ahoo.co.in
n-ionic gemin
20140627
ni
ize the sur
he SEM imag
size in aque
of GSMGEP
ape of surfac
drophobic gro
ngth [4].
synthesized no
aqueous solut
ements [11]
ue was used
repared surfa
del 1/100
actant solution
il as a non-po
1 gm of so
urfactant solu
different time
290
1
18.32
spect
65536
DMSO
512
4
2050
16.800 usec
6.00 usec
298.6 K
1
13C
9.60 usec
-2.00 dB
waltz16
1H
80.00 usec
-3.00 dB
14.31 dB
18.00 dB
32768
EM
0
1.00 Hz
0
1.40
rface
ge of
eous
P is
ctant
oup,
on-ionic gemi
tion
ini
to measure
actant solution
turbidity me
ns were measu
olar solute and
olute was mi
ution (1%) u
e interval (0, 2
Licens
29.14
29.21
29.35
30.89
31.30
32.87
33.22
33.40
33.58
onal Journa
ISSN
Impac
the
ns at
eter.
ured
d 1-
ixed
sing
2, 5,
Volume 3
sed Under Cre
ce and Rese
19-7064
12): 3.358
earch (IJSR
10, 1
20, 30, 4
measured.
m
Solubilization
S
Gemini surfac
different type
and a non-pola
show that the
at the beginn
urbidity of th
ime. The solu
especially the
head groups,
chemical struc
3.3.1 Surfacta
Solubilizing p
paraffin oil sy
can be attribu
solubilised inc
micelles. Henc
he diameter
results in the in
3. 3. 2 Surfact
The Solubiliza
system is sh
behavior for th
he behavior
poor solubiliz
s not the only
components,
Solubilization
nteraction be
molecules.
Gdas
a tu
t
e
hc
3
Spcs
m th
r
3
Ts
b th
pi
c
S inm
40, 50 and 6
behavior of
ctant is repres
of solutes (pa
ar solute respe
turbidity of th
ing of the ex
he system gra
ubilizing proc
e nature of th
concentration
cture of the so
ant/paraffin o
power of synt
stem is quite g
uted to the fa
creased with
ce any factor t
of the micel
ncrease of sol
tant/Heptano
ation behavio
own in the
he surfactant/
of the surfac
zation behavio
y interaction t
but some
process. Th
etween the tw
Figure F
5: (a),
(light paraf
, (b) Solubiliz
ffin oil) and p
us surfactant s
Angle Measur
contact angle
gainst diluted
ned as shown
were lower f
pure water
3.3 3
Contact A
The dynamic
eflon slides a
were determin
contact angle
obtained for
Tt
wc
o
Issue 10, O
www.ijsr.ne
eative Commo
aqueou
October 201
et
ons Attribution
14
n CC BY
R)
60 minute) a
and turbidity
aqueous solu
sented in fig.
araffin oil and
ectively) at 28
he surfactant
xperiment (T=
adually increa
ess depends o
he solvent, al
n of solvent
lute.
oil system
thesized Gem
good as shown
act that the am
an increase i
that causes an
lle or its agg
lubilization.
ol solubilizing
or for the sur
fig.5 (b). T
Heptanol syst
ctant/paraffin
or indicates th
that took plac
other facto
his factor cou
wo polar head
was
ution of non-i
.5 (a) and (b)
Heptanol as p
8OC. These fig
solutions was
= 0) but that
ases with sha
on many varia
lkyl chain len
t in solution
ionic
) for
polar
gures
s low
t the
aking
ables
ngth,
and
mini surfactan
n in fig.5 (a).
mount of mat
in the size of
n increase in e
gregation num
nt for
This
terial
f the
either
mber
g system
rfactant /Hept
The Solubiliza
tem is poorer
oil system.
hat emulsifica
ce between sy
or influence
uld have been
d in the diffe
ation behavio
olar (heptanol
solution (0.5%
rement [13]
es of glass sl
d surfactant so
n in table 1.
for steel and
but higher f
tanol
ation
than
This
ation
ystem
the
n an
ferent
r of the non-p
l) solvent in a
%) at 28OC
polar
an
lides, steel sl
olution (1mMo
These value
teflon than t
for glass pro
lides,
ol/L)
es of
those
obes.
Paper ID: SEP14701 582

4. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
Smaller the contact angle better is the wetting power.
These value shows that synthesized gemini surfactant has
good wetting property for steel and Teflon but not for
glass at concentration (1mMol/L).
Table 1: Contact angle measurement of synthesized
(1mMol/L) non-ionic Gemini surfactant with respect to
Volume 3 Issue 10, October 2014
www.ijsr.net
different solid probes.
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Sr.
No.
Solid
probes
Contact angle With respect to
Distilled
water
Surfactant sol (1mMol/L
)
1 Glass 300 430
2 Steel 750 650
3 Teflon 980 850
4. Conclusion
In the present study a new protocol for the synthesis of
novel glycerol based non-ionic Gemini surfactant through
an environmental friendly process has been described.
Non-ionic Gemini surfactants have wide applications
because of their high surface activity and low critical
micelle concentration. They can be used as emulsifier,
dispersants, hydrophobic agent and also act as mild
surfactant. Glycerol based nonionic Gemini surfactant was
successfully synthesized by using, 1, 2 7, 8-
Diepoxideoctane as spacer. The various functional groups
present in the surfactant are determined by FTIR
spectroscopy. The number of hydrogen atom and carbon
atom of synthesized non-ionic gemini surfactant is also
assigned by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. SEM
analysis shows surface morphology of synthesized
surfactant in aqueous solution is somewhat spherical in
shape. The performance properties like solubilizing
behaviour, Contact angle were studied. It can be concluded
that the new glycerol-based non-ionic Gemini surfactant
exhibit generally good solubilizing and wetting behaviour.
Acknowledgment
Authors are thankful to the UGC (University Grants
Commission of India), for providing the research grant for
this research work [Project F.No.41-373/2012 (SR)].
References
[1] Wenjian Zhang, Liguo Zhou, and Zhaoyun Ding,
“Synthesis and Performance of Nonionic Gemini
Surfactant Di-Glycerol 2, 9-Dihexyldecanedioate”,
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, vol.
30(9), pp. 1161-1166, 2009.
[2] Brita M. Folmer, Krister Holmeberg, Eva Gottberg
klingskog and Karin bergstrom, “Fatty amide
ethoxylates: synthesis and self assembly”, Journal of
surfactant and detergent, vol. 4, pp. 175-183, 2001.
[3] R. Janardhan, V. Vijayabaskar & B. S. R. Redd,
“Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonated
Dimeric Malenised Soya Fatty Acid: A Novel Gemini
Surfactant”, Journal Surface Sci. Technol., vol. 28 (3-
4), pp. 163-178, 2012.
[4] S. K. Hait and S. P. Moulik, “Gemini surfactants: A
distinct class of self-assembling molecules”, Current
Science, vol. 82(9), pp. 1101-1111, 2012.
[5] Adewale Adewuy, Andrea Gopfert, Thomas Wolff,
“Properties of sodium phosphate-hydroxy
ethanolamide gemini surfactant synthesized from the
seed oil of Luffa cylindrical”, Central Europian
Journal of chemistry, vol. 11(8), pp. 1368-1380, 2013.
[6] Aratani K., Oida T., Shimizu T., and Hayashu Y.,
“Preparation and Properties of gemini surfactant from
tartaric acid”, Communications presented as a las
Jornadas del Comite Espanol de la Detergencia, vol.
28, pp. 45-46, 1998.
[7] Anno Wagenaar & Jan B. F. N. Engberts, “Synthesis
of nonionic reduced-sugar bola amphiphiles and
surfactants with an α,ω-diamin-(oxa) alkyl spacer”,
Science Direct Tetrahedron vol. 63, pp. 10622-10629,
2007.
[8] Wim D. Bossaert, Dirk E. De Vos, Wim M. Van
Rhijn, Joren Bullen, Piet J. Grobet and Pierre A.
Jacob, “Mesoporous Sulfonic Acids as Selective
Heterogeneous Catalysts for the synthesis of
Monoglyceride”, Journal of Catalysis, vol. 182(1), pp.
156-164,1999.
[9] Thomas M. Schmitt, second edition, “Analysis of
surfactant”, BASF Corporation New York, Detergent,
vol. 96 (2), 2001.
[10]B. S. Furniss, A. J. Hannaford , P. W. G. Smith,
Austin R. Tatchell, “ Vogel’s Text book of practical
organic chemistry, “Addision Wesley Longman, Inc.
1989.
[11] L. M. Harwood, C. J. Moody and J. M. Percy, second
edition, “Experimental Organic Chemistry, Standard
and micro scale”, Wiley Pvt. Ltd , India 2011.
[12] A. S. Mohamed, M. Z. Mohamad & D. A. Ismail,
“Alinine-Based Surfactants: Synthesis and Some
Surface Properties”, Journal of Surfactant, vol. 7 (4),
pp. 415-419, 2004.
[13] Erwin A. Vogler, “Practical Use of Concentration-
Dependent Contact Angles as a Measure of Solid-
Liquid Adsorption. 1. Theoretical Aspects”, American
Chemical Society, vol. 8 (8), pp. 2005-2012, 1992.
[14]E. M. Kandeel “Synthesis and Performance of
Glycerol Ester-Based Non-ionic Surfactant”, Der
Chemical Sinica, vol. 2 (3), pp. 88-98, 2011
Author Profile
Ishwar T. Gawali was born on 25 Feb. 1986
at Gondi Mohagaon, District Nagpur (M. S.),
India. He has got his master degree M. Sc.
(Organic Chemistry) in 2010 from Nabira
Mahavidyalaya, katol, R. T. M. University, Nagpur. He
has also got master degree M. Tech. (Oleochemical and
Surfactant Technology) in 2014 from University Institute
of Chemical Technology North Maharashtra University
Jalgaon. He is currently working on his Ph. D. degree in
the field of surfactant chemistry from University Institute
of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University,
Jalgaon, India.
Ghayas Usmani was born on 12 March, 1964.
He has got his bachelor degree B. Tech.
(Chem. Engg.),master degree M. Tech (Oil
Tech) and Ph.D. (Oil Tech) from HBTI,
Kanpur India He is currently. Working as professor at
Paper ID: SEP14701 583

5. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
university Institute of Chemical Technology, North
Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India. He had completed
several research project funded by University Grand
Comission, New Delhi, India, All India council of
technical education, New Delhi, India. He had presented
and published his research papers in several seminars and
journals.
Volume 3 Issue 10, October 2014
www.ijsr.net
Paper ID: SEP14701 584
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY