This document provides an overview of sustainable cities and sustainability indicators. It discusses that a sustainable city is designed, built, and managed to meet citizens' needs without compromising the environment or future generations. Key challenges for cities regarding sustainability include city structure and organization, local government competencies, unsustainable expansion, and funding sustainable development. The document also outlines common sustainability indicators used to measure progress in areas like environment, social issues, and economics.

1. Sustainable
and
Smart
City
:
AUST
Summer
Course
Chapter
2
:
Sustainable
City
Professor
Isam
SHAHROUR
Isam.shahrour@univ-­‐lille1.fr

2. Sustainable
City:
A
city
that
contributes
to
sustainable
development
InternaDonal
concern
and
priority
since
about
40
years

3. Q1
:
What
is
Sustainability
?
Q3
:
What
are
the
city
challenges
regarding
sustainability
?
3
QuesDons
Q2:
What
are
the
city
sustainability
indicators
?

4. Sustainable
development
Dmeline

5. Sustainable
development
Dmeline

6. 1996
–
Habitat
Agenda
Istanbul
Sustainable
development
Dmeline

7. Sustainable
development
Dmeline

8. Sustainable
development
in
France
Grenelle
1:
2009
Grenelle
2:
2010

9. Sustainable
development
is
development
that
meets
the
needs
of
the
present
without
compromising
the
ability
of
future
generaDons
to
meet
their
own
needs.
What
is
“Sustainable
development”
?
Report
“Our
Common
Future”
(1987)
of
the
World
Commission
on
Environment
and
Development
(General
Assembly
of
the
UN)

10. Two
key
concepts:
• The
concept
of
'needs',
in
par?cular
the
essen?al
needs
of
the
world's
poor,
to
which
priority
should
be
given.
• The
idea
of
limita?ons
imposed
by
the
state
of
technology
and
social
organiza?on
on
the
environment's
ability
to
meet
present
and
future
needs
Sustainable
development

11. Sustainability

12. A sustainable city :
A
city
designed,
built,
and
managed
in
a
manner
where
ci?zens
meet
their
own
needs
without
endangering
the
well-­‐being
of
the
natural
world
or
the
living
condi?ons
of
other
people,
now
or
in
the
future”

13. • A0
:
Agenda
21
• A1
Sustainable
Development
and
2
-­‐
2
Educa?on
-­‐
YouTube.
• A2
Social
Policies
for
Sustainable
Development
-­‐
YouTube
• A3
Jaime
Lerner_
Sing
a
song
of
sustainable
ci?es
-­‐
YouTube
copie.flv
VIDEOS

14. Sustainable
development
1.
Environment
:
-­‐ PreservaDon
of
natural
resources:
Water,
Energy,
Construc?on
material,
Other
materials
PolluDon
reducDon:
Air,
Water,
Soils
Waste
treatment
&
recycling
Solid
waste,
Water
sewage,
demoli?on
materials,
industrial
wastes,…

15. 1.
Environment
:
-­‐ Land
protecDon
Agriculture
area,
Green
space,
Drainage
space
(water
infiltra?on,..)
QuesDon
:
Intense
city
?
Sustainable
development
-­‐ Natural
disaster
-­‐ Protec?on,
Emergency,
Resilience

16. Sustainable
City
• Social
exclusion,
minority,
social
mixity
• Children,
women,
• Social
aid
• Services
expenses
modula?on
(housing,
transport,
educa?on,
health,..)
• Old
people
services
2.
Social
• Poverty
• Housing
• Health,
Educa?on
• Governance
par?cipa?on

17. Sustainable
City
3.
Economy
• Economic
development
(Jobs,
income
increase….)
• Cost
saving
• Economic
transi?on
:
from
old
industry
to
modern
economy
• Research
and
innova?on
• Digital
integra?on
• Arac?veness
&
compe??veness

18. Q1
:
What
is
Sustainability
?
Q3
:
What
are
the
city
challenges
regarding
sustainability
?
3
QuesDons
Q2:
What
are
the
city
sustainability
indicators
?

19. Indicators
are
needed
for:
•
Observa?on,
•
Analysis,
Understanding
• Planning,
Control
“We
can
not
control
what
we
do
not
measure”
Indicator : some thing that indicates the
state or level of something (Oxford
Dictionary)

20. Indicators
of
sustainable
development
are
crucial
for:
• Crea?ng
a
“concrete
defini?on”
of
sustainability.
• Elabora?on
of
strategy
with
goals
to
be
achieved
and
means
to
be
mobilized.
• Tracking
progress
towards
goal.
• In
case
of
a
gap
between
goal
and
realiza?on,
readjus?ng
the
strategy.

22. In
1995
the
Commission
on
Sustainable
Development
of
United
Na?ons
(CSD)
proposed
a
set
of
indicators
for
SD
1995
:
«
Blue
Book
»
:134
indicators
for
sustainable
development

23. 2001
:
«
Blue
Book
»
Second
Edi?on
:134
indicators
were
reduced
to
58

26. New
set
of
indicators
14
themes
:

42. In
France
:
Grenelle
de
l’environnement
2009
:
Grernelle
1
2010
:
Grenelles
2

43. Grenelle
1
:
13
areas
of
SD

44. United
Kingdom

45. 13
indictors

50. Q1
:
What
is
Sustainability
?
Q3
:
What
are
the
city
challenges
regarding
sustainability
?
3
QuesDons
Q2:
What
are
the
city
sustainability
indicators
?
• City
structure
and
organisaDon
• Local
government
&
competency
• Unsustainable
expansion
• Funding
of
the
city
sustainable
development

51. 3.1
City
structure
and
organisa?on

52. The
City
:
CiDzen
&
acDvity

53. The
City
:
buildings
(habitaDon,
services
and
work)

54. The City : infrastructures

55. • Water
(drinking
and
sewage)
• Energy
(gas,
electricity,
hea?ng)
• Telecommunica?ons
Urban
Networks:
the
vein
of
the
city
• Buried
(invisible,
...)
• Mixed
(old
and
new,
some
more
than
150
years
old)
• Huge
investment
and
opera?ng
costs
•
high
interdependency

56. Urban
Networks
in
Jakarta
were
designed
for
one
million
In
2011,
the
city
has
more
than
18
million
Networks
may
be
undersized:
In
some
ciDes,
water
leakage
could
reach
40%

57. 3.2
City
organizaDon
Local
government
&
competency

58. The
City:
part
of
larger
enDDes
:
Metropolis,
Department,
Region,
State,
Great
region,…
CITY
State

59. Local
gouvernement
in
France
• Municipality
:
36
700
(in
1884)
• Department
:
101
(in
1871)
• Region
:
22
(in
1982)
2015
:
Reduc?on
to
12

60. Local
gouvernement
In
France
Intercommunalités
(Federa?on
of
Ci?es)

61. Local
gouvernement
In
France
Intercommunalités
(Federa?on
of
Ci?es)
• Communautés
Urbaines
(>
250
000
)
(in
1966)
(nombre
15)
• Communautés
d’aggloméra?ons
(>15
000
)
• Communauté
de
communes

63. ResponsibiliDes
&
Competency
Region
Department
City
State

66. Lebanon
Municipality
(Baladiya):
661
Elected
Municipality
Council
(8
to
24)
Beirut
:
16
elected
+
8
nominated
Federa?on
of
municipali?es
:
50

67. Lebanon
:
The
government
Decentralized
Services

68. Lebanon
:
Decentralized
Services
(government)
20

69. Government
(decentralized
services):
• Civil
registra?on
• Public
order,
• Energy
distribu?on,
• urban
transport,
road,
• health,
sports
and
recrea?on,
•
Economic
development,
• trading
ac?vi?es
Lebanon
Competency
Municipality
and
Federa?on
of
municipali?es
•
Local
issues

70. • Mainly
old
ci?es
• Constructed
in
the
15th
-­‐
20th
• Largely
expanded
laer
• Related
to
the
industrial
and
economic
development
• Large
construc?on
programs
aser
the
2nd
world
war
(Europe)
3.3
Unsustainable
expansion
Developed
countries

71. 80%
(France)
Poor
quality
buildings
3.3
Unsustainable
expansion
Developed
countries

72. Today
:
Inadequate
Infrastructures
• Rapid
city
expansion
• Unsustainable
urbaniza?on
• Mixed
:
old
(more
than
150
years),
new
…
• Lack
of
maintenance
• Lack
of
investment
• Increase
quality
demand
• Responsibility
(??)
3.3
Unsustainable
expansion
Developed
countries

73. Barriers
:
-­‐ Need
for
huge
investment
(crisis
context)
-­‐ Lack
of
major
innova?ons
in
urban
infrastructures
-­‐ Socio-­‐economic
model
(role
of
the
private
sector,
taxes,
social
model,....)
-­‐ Cultural
change,
-­‐ Governance
(responsibility,….)
3.3
Unsustainable
expansion
Developed
countries

74. • Huge
expansion
of
urban
areas
(Related
to
job
and
services
demands)
• Slums
• Lack
of
buildings
&
infrastructures
• Poor
quality
construc?on
• Poor
basic
infrastructure
(drinking
water,
sanita?on,
energy,
roads)
• Urban
planning
?
2.
Unsustainable
expansion
2.2
Low
income
countries

75. • Urban
planning
• Lack
of
funding
• Lack
of
qualifica?on(technology,
management,…)
• Corrup?on
3.3
Unsustainable
expansion
Low
income
countries

76. Huge
need
for
:
• buildings
&
Infrastructures,
•
Basic
services
(educa?on,
health)
• Economic
development
(jobs,…)
• Qualifica?ons
(building
capacity)
QuesDon
of
• Investment
(huge)
• Interna?onal
aid
(interna?onal
concern)
• Governance
:
transparency,
corrup?on,
• Building
capacity
3.3
Unsustainable
expansion
Low
income
countries

77. 3.4
Funding
of
sustainable
development
of
the
city

78. Pubic
funding
:
State,
Region,
City
3.4
Funding
of
sustainable
development
Private
–
sector
Green
industry
CiDzen
charges
for
roads,
tunnels,
city
access,
parking,
waste
treatment,..
Public
-­‐
Private
–sector
c
partnership
Taxes
Greenhouse
gas
taxes,..

79. A6
The
failings
of
our
city
A7
Urban
Design
for
Successful
Ci?es
Alexandros
Washbur
VIDEOS