4. FRONT END LOADER
These loaders are a popular addition to tractors from 50 to 200 hp.
A loader (also known as: bucket loader, front loader, front end
loader, payloader, scoop loader, shovel, skip loader, and/or wheel
loader) is a type of tractor, usually wheeled, sometimes on tracks, that
has a front mounted square wide bucket connected to the end of two
booms (arms) to scoop up loose material from the ground, such as
dirt, sand or gravel, and move it from one place to another without
pushing the material across the
A loader is commonly used to move a stockpiled material from
ground level and deposit it into an awaiting dump truck or into an open
trench excavation.
The loader assembly may be a removable attachment or
permanently mounted. Often the bucket can be replaced with other
devices or tools—for example, many can mount forks to lift heavy
pallets or shipping containers, and a hydraulically-opening "clamshell"
bucket allows a loader to act as a light dozer or scraper.
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5. SCRAPER
• excavation cum transport equipment
• suitable for soft material
• generally used for top soil removal
• Diesel operated with pneumatic tyre wheels
• a bowl fitted with a cuttingISN
blade at the bottom.
6. OPERATION OF SCRAPER
A scraper is pushed forward by a Dozer
It’s blade cuts a thin slice of a earth usually between 100 mm to 250
mm thick over a distance of nearly 30 m.
The earth is automatically collected in the bowl located at the centre
of the machine.
The bowl capacity ranges from 5 cum to 20 cum and takes nearly half
to one minute for loading.
When the scraper is fully loaded its bottom opening is closed through
a table operated by the operator.
At the dumping yard as the Scraper moves, the bottom opening of
bowl is opened, and the contentsISN earth are unloaded in the layer
of
150 mm to 250 mm thick over a distance of 30 to 50 m.
9. OPERATION OF DOZER
It is the vital equipment in Open cast mining.
tractor with a pusher blade attached to the front portion.
Diesel operated with crawler chain (some times tyre mounted
Dozers also used)
the pusher blade can be raised lowered or tilted through small
angles horizontally by rams operated by hydraulic pressure.
The Dozer blade is used for pushing loose material, digging earth,
soft weathered rock, for pushing scrapers, for levelling / grading and
compacting the ground, for laying haul roads, for toeing dumpers etc.,
for pushing boulders trees etc.,
There is different capacity of Dozers ranging from 100HP to 800
HP and normally used are 400 HP, which costs app. 1.2 Cr.
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11. WHEEL DOZER
tractors outfitted with dozer blades or push blocks.
used as push tractors in scraper applications.
Though these machines can be converted from wheel
loaders by replacing the loader’s bucket with a dozer blade,
this configuration is only successful for light-duty tasks.
Used for clearing and grading land, wheel dozers are
frequently used in mining applications and reclamation jobs.
The wheel dozers’ advantage over crawler dozers is their
ability to move quickly.
Additionally, they can travel between multiple job sites
without damaging paved roads.
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15. RIPPER DOZER
tractors outfitted with dozer blades or push blocks.
A Dozer equipped with fork like attachment is known as
“Ripper”
can be mounted either with one or two rippers
operates like a plough to loosen moderately hard rock
can be also used to extract thin seams where the
thickness is less than 1.2 m where blasting is not effectively
done.
It rippes the thin seams and later can be loaded by the
Shovel & Dumper combination.
There are other crane attachments for the Dozer which is
known as pipe layer for transporting pumps, pipes and
laying pipes.
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18. MOTOR GRADER
tractors outfitted with dozer blades or push blocks.
This is a machine used for levelling the road surface by
smoothening out the ups and downs and for casting aside
the boulders on the road.
It is always pneumatic tyre operated with rear wheels
drive.
The grading blade is attached to a circle that is hung from
the overhead frame and pulled by a drawbar fastened to the
front of the frame.
The blade is usually 3 to 4m long having replaceable
edges on the sides and bottom.
The approximate cost of a medium size Motor Grader will
be Rs 60 Lakhs.
This is essential equipment in Opencast mining for
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continuous maintenance of haul roads.
