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Chapter 14 Section 2
     Empire Building
           In
        Africa
I.        West Africa
     a. European used deception in order to get
        African lands and natural resources.
     b. From 1880-1890 almost all of Africa was
        under European rule.
          i.     Imperialism was driven by rivalries.
     c.        West Africa was particularly affected by
               the slave trade.
d. As slavery declined, Europe’s interest in
   other forms of trade increased.
  i. Manufactured goods for peanuts, timber, hide,
      and palm oil.
  ii. G.B. established settlements along the Gold
      Coast in Sierra Leone.
      1. This growing presence caused tensions
         with local African governments, who
         feared for their independence.
e. In 1874 G.B. annexed the west coastal
   states as the first colony of Gold Coast.
f. France controlled the largest part of W.
   Africa, and Germany controlled Togo,
   Cameroon, and German Southwest Africa.
II. North Africa
  a. Egypt had been part of the Ottoman
     Empire. In 1805, Muhammad Ali
     seized power and established a
     separate Egyptian state.
  b. Ali introduced a series of reforms to
     modernize Egypt. He modernized the
     army, set up a public school system,
     and helped create small industries.
c. The growing economic
   importance of the Nile Valley
   along with the development of
   steamships gave Europeans a
   desire to build a canal east of
   Cairo to connect the
   Mediterranean and Red Seas.
  i. In 1854 France signed a contract to
     build the Suez Canal.
d. G.B. bought Egypt’s share in the Suez
   Canal.
  i. Egypt became a British protectorate in
     1915.
e. The British wanted to control the
   Sudan. In 1881 Muhammad Ahmad
   defeated the British military.
  i. The British regained the Sudan again in
     1898.
f. The French had colonies in N. Africa.
   In 1879, 150,000 French had settled
   in the region of Algeria.
  i. French made Tunisia and Morocco
     protectorates.
g. Italy joined the competition for N.
   Africa by trying to take over Ethiopia.
  i. Ethiopian forces defeated the Italians in
      1896.
  ii. Italy seized Turkish Tripoli and
      renamed it Libya.
III. Central Africa
  a. European explorers had generated
     European interest in the dense tropical
     jungles of Central Africa.
  b. David Livingstone explored Africa for 30
     years.
       i.   Henry Stanley encouraged G.B. to send
            settlers to the Congo River basin.
c. When Britain refused, Stanley turned to
   King Leopold II of Belgium.
  i. King Leopold hired Stanley to set up
      Belgian settlements in the Congo.
  ii. Belgium’s claim to the vast territories of
      the Congo worried other European states.
d. France especially rushed to gain
   territories in C. Africa.
  i. Belgium territories S. of the Congo
     River.
  ii. France territories N. of the Congo River.
IV. East Africa
  a. By 1875 G.B. and Germany had become
     the chief rivals in E. Africa.
  b. Germany was one of many European
     nations interested in E. African colonies.
       i.  At the 1884 Berlin Conference, the major
           European powers divided up E. Africa.
       ii. No African delegates were present at the
           conference.
V. South Africa
  a. By 1865 close to two hundred thousand
     white people had moved to the southern
     part of Africa.
  b. The Boers (original Dutch settlers)
     occupied Cape Town. They believed
     white supremacy was ordained by God.
       i. British will seize these lands.
       ii. Boers fled from British rule.
          1. Est. S. African Republic.
          2. Put indigenous peoples on reservations.
c. The Boers frequently battled the Zulu,
   an indigenous people.
  i. The Zulu rose under Shaka.
  ii. Later the British will defeat the Zulu.
d. In the 1880s British policy in S.
   Africa was directed By Cecil Rhodes.
  i. He set up diamond and gold companies.
  ii. Renamed Transvaal, Rhodesia, after
      himself.
e. Rhodes’s ambitions led to his downfall in
   1896.
  i. Forced to resign when it was discovered his
      plans to overthrow the Boer government
      without British approval.
  ii. Conflict broke out between the British and the
      Boers, leading to war.
f. The Boer War went from 1899 to 1902.
  i. Guerrilla resistance by the Boers angered the
      British.
  ii. Burned crops and sent 150,000 women and
      children into detention camps, causing 26,000
      to die.
g. In 1910 the British created the independent
   Union of S. Africa, combining the Cape
   Colony and the Boer Republic.
  i. To appease the Boers, the policy was that
     only whites could vote.
V. Colonial Rule in Africa
  a. By 1914 only Liberia, which had been
     created by freed U.S. slaves and Ethiopia
     were free of European domination.
  b. Britain relied on indirect rule to govern its
     colonies.
       i.   This system will slow tribal tensions among
            native peoples.
  c. Most other European governments used
     direct rule in Africa.
  d. The French ideal was to assimilate the
     African peoples. They did not want to
     preserve African traditions.
VI. Rise of African Nationalism
  a. A new class of African leaders
     emerged in the early 20th century.
    i. They were intellectuals that were
        educated in the west.
    ii. They Admired Western culture and
        wanted to introduce some western ideas
        into their culture.
      1. They saw certain aspects of European
         culture as superior to their own cultures.
b. These same people often resented
   the foreigners and their contempt
   for Africa.
  i. They believed there was a gap
     between Western democratic theory
     and Western colonial practice.
    1. Africans had little chance to
       participate in the colonial institutions,
       and many had lost their farms for
       sweatshops or on plantations.
c. Middle-class Africans also could
   complain, not just the poor peasants.
  i. Africans were paid much less than
     whites.
d. During the first quarter of the 20th
   century, resentment turned to action.
  i. Educated native peoples began to
     organize political parties and
     movements to end foreign rule.

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Chapter 14 section 2

  • 1. Chapter 14 Section 2 Empire Building In Africa
  • 2.
  • 3. I. West Africa a. European used deception in order to get African lands and natural resources. b. From 1880-1890 almost all of Africa was under European rule. i. Imperialism was driven by rivalries. c. West Africa was particularly affected by the slave trade.
  • 4. d. As slavery declined, Europe’s interest in other forms of trade increased. i. Manufactured goods for peanuts, timber, hide, and palm oil. ii. G.B. established settlements along the Gold Coast in Sierra Leone. 1. This growing presence caused tensions with local African governments, who feared for their independence. e. In 1874 G.B. annexed the west coastal states as the first colony of Gold Coast. f. France controlled the largest part of W. Africa, and Germany controlled Togo, Cameroon, and German Southwest Africa.
  • 5. II. North Africa a. Egypt had been part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1805, Muhammad Ali seized power and established a separate Egyptian state. b. Ali introduced a series of reforms to modernize Egypt. He modernized the army, set up a public school system, and helped create small industries.
  • 6. c. The growing economic importance of the Nile Valley along with the development of steamships gave Europeans a desire to build a canal east of Cairo to connect the Mediterranean and Red Seas. i. In 1854 France signed a contract to build the Suez Canal.
  • 7. d. G.B. bought Egypt’s share in the Suez Canal. i. Egypt became a British protectorate in 1915. e. The British wanted to control the Sudan. In 1881 Muhammad Ahmad defeated the British military. i. The British regained the Sudan again in 1898.
  • 8. f. The French had colonies in N. Africa. In 1879, 150,000 French had settled in the region of Algeria. i. French made Tunisia and Morocco protectorates. g. Italy joined the competition for N. Africa by trying to take over Ethiopia. i. Ethiopian forces defeated the Italians in 1896. ii. Italy seized Turkish Tripoli and renamed it Libya.
  • 9. III. Central Africa a. European explorers had generated European interest in the dense tropical jungles of Central Africa. b. David Livingstone explored Africa for 30 years. i. Henry Stanley encouraged G.B. to send settlers to the Congo River basin.
  • 10. c. When Britain refused, Stanley turned to King Leopold II of Belgium. i. King Leopold hired Stanley to set up Belgian settlements in the Congo. ii. Belgium’s claim to the vast territories of the Congo worried other European states. d. France especially rushed to gain territories in C. Africa. i. Belgium territories S. of the Congo River. ii. France territories N. of the Congo River.
  • 11. IV. East Africa a. By 1875 G.B. and Germany had become the chief rivals in E. Africa. b. Germany was one of many European nations interested in E. African colonies. i. At the 1884 Berlin Conference, the major European powers divided up E. Africa. ii. No African delegates were present at the conference.
  • 12. V. South Africa a. By 1865 close to two hundred thousand white people had moved to the southern part of Africa. b. The Boers (original Dutch settlers) occupied Cape Town. They believed white supremacy was ordained by God. i. British will seize these lands. ii. Boers fled from British rule. 1. Est. S. African Republic. 2. Put indigenous peoples on reservations.
  • 13. c. The Boers frequently battled the Zulu, an indigenous people. i. The Zulu rose under Shaka. ii. Later the British will defeat the Zulu. d. In the 1880s British policy in S. Africa was directed By Cecil Rhodes. i. He set up diamond and gold companies. ii. Renamed Transvaal, Rhodesia, after himself.
  • 14.
  • 15. e. Rhodes’s ambitions led to his downfall in 1896. i. Forced to resign when it was discovered his plans to overthrow the Boer government without British approval. ii. Conflict broke out between the British and the Boers, leading to war.
  • 16. f. The Boer War went from 1899 to 1902. i. Guerrilla resistance by the Boers angered the British. ii. Burned crops and sent 150,000 women and children into detention camps, causing 26,000 to die. g. In 1910 the British created the independent Union of S. Africa, combining the Cape Colony and the Boer Republic. i. To appease the Boers, the policy was that only whites could vote.
  • 17. V. Colonial Rule in Africa a. By 1914 only Liberia, which had been created by freed U.S. slaves and Ethiopia were free of European domination. b. Britain relied on indirect rule to govern its colonies. i. This system will slow tribal tensions among native peoples. c. Most other European governments used direct rule in Africa. d. The French ideal was to assimilate the African peoples. They did not want to preserve African traditions.
  • 18. VI. Rise of African Nationalism a. A new class of African leaders emerged in the early 20th century. i. They were intellectuals that were educated in the west. ii. They Admired Western culture and wanted to introduce some western ideas into their culture. 1. They saw certain aspects of European culture as superior to their own cultures.
  • 19. b. These same people often resented the foreigners and their contempt for Africa. i. They believed there was a gap between Western democratic theory and Western colonial practice. 1. Africans had little chance to participate in the colonial institutions, and many had lost their farms for sweatshops or on plantations.
  • 20. c. Middle-class Africans also could complain, not just the poor peasants. i. Africans were paid much less than whites. d. During the first quarter of the 20th century, resentment turned to action. i. Educated native peoples began to organize political parties and movements to end foreign rule.