five senses of the body.

1. You and Your Body
Sense Organs

2. Your EYES
• Your eyes are your organs for seeing.
• Each part of the eye has a function. There
are parts that protect the eyes.
– eyelids, the eyelashes and the eyebrows.

3. The inside of the eye has other
parts..

4. HOW YOU SEE THINGS
Have you ever entered a dark
room? Can you still see objects
inside? Without light, you
cannot see anything. You need
light to see the things around
you.

5. When you look at an object, these
things happen:
1. light coming from every point of the object enters your
eye;
2. the light passes through the lens of the eye;
3. the lens bends this light;
4. this light falls onto the retina;
5. the light forms an upside-down image on the retina;
6. light-sensitive cells in the retina produce signals;
7. the signals travel through the optic nerve into the
brain; and
8. you see an upright object.

6. COMMON EYE DISORDERS
AND DISEASES
Nearsightedness - have long eyeballs or a cornea
that is too curved. (Normal eyeballs are almost
round.) the image of an object from afar falls in
front of retina. Nearsighted people cannot clearly
see far objects. They need to wear corrective
eyeglasses to help them see far objects.

7. Farsightedness - People suffering from
farsightedness have short eyeballs or a
cornea that is not curved enough. The image
of any near object falls behind the retina.
Farsighted people also cannot clearly see
the objects close to them. Farsighted people
also wear corrective eyeglasses to help them
see nearby objects clearly.

8. Astigmatism - is another eye disorder.
People with astigmatism may see blurred or
ghost images, whether near or far.
Astigmatism is caused by a cornea that is
abnormally round. The cornea of one
suffering from astigmatism is similar to a
football round. If you look at a football, you
will see two curves – a steeper one and a
flatter one. The two curves of the cornea
bend light that enters the eye, forming two
images on the retina. An astigmatic person
sees an out-of-focus images.

9. Eye Disorders
• One common disease
is conjunctivitis, also
known as sore eyes or
pink eyes. It is caused
by an infection of the
conjunctiva.

10. Another eye disease is called sty, also known
as kuliti. It is an eye infection of one or more
oil glands at the edge of the eyelid or under
it. A harmful kind of microorganism causes
this infection. Sty develops at the edge of an
eyelid, around the base of an eyelash.

11. Glaucoma is caused by the abnormal or
high pressure of liquids on the eyes. It
causes the eyeball to harden, making it
difficult for the person to see. This affects
mostly older people. Glaucoma can cause
blindness if not treated. Although glaucoma
happens more often to elderly people,
young children like you should have a
regular check-up too.

12. • Cataract is the clouding of the lens of the eye.
• Cataract is often seen as white spots on the lens of
the eye. A person who has cataract has very poor
vision.
• He or she is overly sensitive to light. He or she
also frequently changes eyeglasses or contact lens.
• The cause of cataract is unknown. But it is
strongly linked to smoking, diabetes and exposure
to sunlight.
• Cataract can be treated.

13. TAKING CARE OF YOUR
EYES
Your eyes are your windows to the world. They let
you see the things around you. It is therefore
important to take good care of them.
– Eat food rich in vitamin A such as pechay, cabbage, squash, milk,
cheese, eggs. Good sources of vitamin A come from yellow food.
– Always read with adequate amount of light to avoid eye strain.
– Avoid the glare of direct, strong light.
– When strong wind blow, protect your eyes to keep dust and dirt
from entering them.
– Always wear sunglasses that offer maximum protection from the
sun’s ultraviolet rays (UV) rays.
– Etc.

14. YOUR EARS
You hear different sounds every. You hear
sounds of people talking, birds chirping or
dogs barking. You hear music over the
radio. What sense organs do you use to hear
the different sound around you?

15. Your ears are your sense organs for hearing.
It is composed of the outer ear, the middle
ear and the inner ear. The outer ear collects
sounds, while the middle ear conducts the
sound to the inner ear. The inner ear has
nerves that send the sound waves to the
brain, which then interprets the sound.

16. THE PARTS OF THE EAR
• The outer ear is made up of the auricle,
the ear canal, and the eardrum.
– The cup-shaped structures on the sides of your
head are the auricles.
– The ear canal is a passageway for sound from
the auricle to the eardrum.
– The eardrum separates the outer ear from the
middle ear. It moves to and fro (or vibrates) as
it receives sound waves.
•

17. • The middle ear is a hollow chamber filled
with air. Inside the chamber are three little
bones – hammer, anvil and stirrup – that
are joined. When the eardrum vibrates, it
sends the hammer vibrating. These
vibrations are passed on to the anvil and the
stirrup. These three bones amplify the sound
vibrations and sends them into the inner ear.

18. • The inner ear contains both your organs of
hearings and of balance. Its main parts are
the cochlea, the vestibule nerve, and the
semicircular canals.
• The cochlean is a coiled tube. It is filled
with liquid and contains nerve cells. These
cells send the message it has received
through vibrations to the auditory nerves,
then to the brain. Your brain interprets the
vibrations as specific sounds.

19. • The organ of Corti is found inside the
cochlea, it can be thought of as the body’s
microphone. It has a membrane that
contains thousands of hair cells. The hair
cels are excited when there is sound. The
membrane containing the hair cells tells you
the pitch of the sound you are hearing. It
tells you whether the sound is loud or soft.

20. • The vestibular and the semicircular canals
are your organs of balance. This means that
your ears do more than just hearing. They
keep you from falling while you are
walking, standing and sitting.

22. COMMON EAR DISEASES
The ears can suffer from many diseases that
can affect the auricle are erysipelas and
seborrhoea.
Erysipelas is caused by bacteria.
Malfunctioning of the oil glands of the ear’s
skin causes seborrhea. Both diseases cause
swelling of the skin of the auricle or even
the skin of the ear canal

23. An inflammation of the middle ear is called
otitis media (luga). One common cause of
otitis media is the presence of bacteria or
viruses in the eardrum. The build up of pus
exerts pressure against the eardrum causing
earache, swelling and redness. If left
untreated, the inflammation can impair
hearing.

24. TAKING CARE OF YOUR
EARS
• Do not use cotton swabs or metallic objects to
clean your ear canal. Use a moist, soft cloth
instead. Your ears have a self-cleaning
mechanism. Fine hairs inside the ear canal
constantly move wax and dead skin out of the
canal.
• Always consult a doctor when you feel pain in
your ear.
• Avoid continuous exposure to loud noise.

25. • Do not use earphones or headphones to listen to
music when you are about to sleep. You might fall
asleep without turning them off. If this happens,
your ears will be listening to a nonstop sound.
• When you have cold, blow your nose gently with
your mouth open.
• When sleeping outdoors, plug your ears with
cotton so insects won’t get into your ears.
• When swimming, use earplugs. These will prevent
water, dirt and other foreign objects from getting
into your ears.

26. YOUR NOSE
Your sense of smell is wonderful. Just by
smelling, you know what food your mother
is cooking in the kitchen, what flowers are
around, or what cologne your friend is
wearing. Your nose is made up of cartilage
and bone material. People have different
sizes and shapes of noses, but all noses are
used for smelling. As you breathe in air
through your nose, you can smell the odors
that the air is carrying.

27. PARTS OF NOSE
• The nose has delicate parts that work together to allow you
to identify odors:
– The nose has openings called nostrils. The air enters through
the nostrils to your nasal cavity
– The nostrils are lined with short hairs called cilia that filter
dust mixed with the air. The nostrils are also lined with
moist membranes. This membrane warms the air that enters
the nostrils.
– The nostrils lead to a hollow portion called the nasal cavity.
Approximately, 95% of the nasal cavity has nothing to do
with smelling. Most of its area only cleans and warms the air
we breathe in.
– In the upper portion of the nasal cavity are the olfactory
nerves. They send nerve impulses about scents to the brain.

28. COMMON NOSE DISEASES
• Common cold can be accompanied by frequent
sneezing. It brings about a discharge from the nose
called mucus. Consult a doctor if the common cold
does not go away after several days. You might be
experiencing an allergy called rhinitis.
• Rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
It is often due to allergic reactions to pollen, dust
or other airborne substances. Sometimes, it is even
mistaken for the common cold because they have
similar symptoms. Rhinitis causes nasal
congestion, which makes breathing difficult.
There is also a watery discharge from the nose