Mind Mapping for Health - #IOBMC2015

Mind Mapping for Health
IOBMC 2015
12 September 2015
Jose M Guerrero
jm@infoseg.com
(c) Infoseg, S.A. 2015 http://bit.ly/1Eimh3k 1

Information Management Problems in
Healthcare
IOBMC 2015 - Mind Mapping for Health – JM Guerrero

Information Management Problems in Healthcare
• Information overload
• Limitations of linear text
• Limitations of web pages
• Attention
• Errors

Information overload [1]
• Most of the information we receive is irrelevant to our daily
lives [2].
• A newspaper contains more information than the average
person was likely to come across in a lifetime in seventeenth-
century England [3].
• 90% of all the data in the world has been generated over the
last two years (2013) [4]

Limitations of Linear Text
• It is difficult to understand and analyze.
• It is difficult to memorize.
• It does not provide a sense of perspective.
• It does not offer a sense of structure.
• It does not show the relation between the parts.
• It does not allow to see the “whole picture”.
• There is a cognitive dissonance between the
linear representation of information and the
mapping of mental processes that the brain
performs when treating information [5].

Limitations of Web Pages
• There is a context loss.
• They have some of the same problems as linear text.
• They have an excessive number of items of information.
• They have moving elements sometimes.
• It is difficult to see the “whole picture”.
• It is difficult to have a sense of perspective or structure

When reading linear text, we only use controlled attention
http://promedmail.isid.org/direct.php?id=3316151

With information containing images, we use
stimulus-driven + controlled attention

Working memory
• Middle frontal gyrus
• Intraparietal sulcus
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/FMRI_sca
n_during_working_memory_tasks.jpg
“Working memory is a system for
temporarily storing and managing
the information required to carry
out complex cognitive tasks such as
learning, reasoning, and
comprehension.”
MedicineNet.com
Limited to 4 elements of
information
Cowan 1983 [6]

Attention areas in the brain
Areas responsible for controlled
attention
Areas
responsible for
stimulus-driven
attention
Working
memory
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brain_-_Lateral_Left.png#

Errors
“premature deaths associated with preventable harm to patients
was estimated at more than 400,000 per year” (US only) [7]
A substantial part of them attributable to the excessive use of linear text or
the lack of use of more visual techniques.

Mind Mapping as a Solution

Mind Mapping
Graphical technique for visualizing
hierarchical connections between several
items of information. Each item of
information is written down and then
linked by lines to the other pieces thus
creating a network of relationships. They
are always organized around a single
central idea.
A mind map is a diagram created by mind
mapping

Mind mapping has unique properties in the…
• Organization of Complex Information
• Visualization of Complex Information
• Analysis of Complex Information
• Memorization of Complex Information
• Creation of Complex Information
• Exchange of Complex Information
• Archival of Complex Information

Results of the use of mind maps
• 200-300% improvement in memorization [8]
• 15% improvement in memorization [9]
• 20-50% improvement in productivity [10,11]
Gestió d’informació complexa en activitats professionals amb mapes mentals
(C) Infoseg, S.A. 2015 http://bit.ly/1Eimh3k 15

First Application in Medicine – The Urine Wheel (1420) [12]
Epiphanie Medicorum (1506). One of the first uses of mind mapping in medicine
Det Kongelige Bibliotek Danemark http://www.kb.dk/en/index.html

Scientific Bases of Mind Mapping

Oldest primates - 50-60 million years ago [13]
Archicebus achilles (Xijun Ni / Chinese Academy of Sciences)

FOXP2 – The speech gene (70,000 years ago) [14]
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/FOXP2_with_codons_01-fr.png

Altamira Paintings (17,000 years ago) [15]
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Altamira_bisons.jpg

First written language - Sumerian 5,000 years ago [16]
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sumerian_account_of_silver_for_the_govenor.JPG

Evolution in Information Processing in the Brain
The size of our
brain has not
changed in the last
40,000 years.
There has been no
time for language
processing in the
brain to evolve.

Sperry 1960s – Lateralization of the brain [17]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cerebral_lobes.png
With linear text we only use
one half of the brain

Shepard1967 Picture Superiority Effect [18]
People
remember
pictures
better than
words.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/A_picture_is_worth_a_thousand_words.jpg

Bower 1969 – Memorization of information with hierarchical structure [8]
Recall is 2-3 times better with the hierarchical structure
Image taken from [8]

Main Features of Mind Mapping

Main Features of Mind Mapping
Fast image processing in the brain
+ Collapse / Expand branches
+ Hierarchical organization
+ Chunking
+ Whole-view and detail-view at the same time
+ Viewable relationship between the parts
+ multimedia
+ 1 single compressed file, easy to email or FTP
+ online collaboration

Mind mapping automation

XML file

Result

Some Applications in Healthcare

Personal Health Record

Management Reporting

Medicine Labels

Drug Interactions

Reading and Analyzing Scientific Articles

Big Data – Visualization

Discharge instructions

References
[1] Tofler A, Future Shock, Random House, 1970
[2] Postman N, Amusing Ourselves to Death, Penguin, 2005
[3] Wurman RS. Information Anxiety 2. Hayden/Que, 2000.
[4] http://www.sintef.no/en/corporate-news/big-data--for-better-or-worse/
[5] Okada A et al., Knowledge Cartography, Springer, 2008
[6] Cowan N, The magical number 4 in short-term memory: a reconsideration of mental storage capacity.
Behav Brain Sci. 2001 Feb;24(1):87-114; discussion 114-85.
[7] James JT, A New, Evidence-based Estimate of Patient Harms Associated with Hospital Care.
Journal of Patient Safety, Sept 2013, Vol 9 I 3 p 122–128
[8] Bower GH et al., Hierarchical Retrieval Schemes in Recall of Categorized Word Lists, Journal of Verbal Learning
and Verbal Behavior 8, 323-343 (1969)
[9] Farrand P et al.,The efficacy of the ‘mind map’ study technique. Medical Education. 2002 May;36(5):426-31
[10] The compelling business advantages of Mind Mapping software.
http://mindmappingsoftwareblog.com/mindmapping-software-compelling-advantages/.
[11] http://ezinearticles.com/?Boeing,-Oracle,-EDS,-And-Other-High-Profile-Companies-Have-Drawn-Great-Benefits-from-Mind-Mapping&id=106728
[12] http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/oscillator/the-urine-wheel/
[13] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v498/n7452/full/nature12200.html
[14] http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6900/full/nature01025.html
[15] http://en.museodealtamira.mcu.es/Prehistoria_y_Arte/la_cueva.html
[16] http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/573229/Sumerian-language
[17] Sperry RW, Conciousness, Personal Identity and the Divided Brain, Neuropsychologia, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 661-673, 1984.
[18] Shepard RN, Recognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures. Journal of Learning and
Verbal Behavior, 6, 156-163, 1967.

Introduction to the Applications of Mind Mapping in Medicine

José M. Guerrero
jm@infoseg.com
http://www.infoseg.com/imi.shtml
https://es.linkedin.com/in/josemguerrero2012
http://www.slideshare.net/jmgf2009/presentations
https://twitter.com/InfosegS

Mind Mapping for Health - #IOBMC2015

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