1. Hazardous Materials for First Responders 4 th Edition Chapter 4 — Chemical Properties and Hazardous Materials Behavior

4. Gas, tends to expand indefinitely. 4 –

5. Liquid, may give off vapors. 4 –

6. Solid, often stays in place unless acted upon. 4 –

9. Flammability depends on three properties. 4 –

10. Flash point is the temperature at which there are sufficient vapors to ignite, but not sustain combustion. 4 –

13. Autoignition temperature is the level to which the fuel in air must be heated to initiate self-sustained combustion. 4 –

16. The flammable, explosive, or combustible range helps to establish the lower and upper explosive limits. 4 –

18. Vapor Pressure 4 – Expressed in: psi, kPa, bars, mmHg, or atm

20. Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) can occur when liquid in a container is heated. 4 –

21. Melting Point, Freezing Point, Sublimation 4 –

22. Melting and freezing point definitions are based on normal atmospheric pressure. 4 –

23. Sublimation is a change from solid to gas state without going into a liquid state. 4 –

24. Vapor density is the weight of gases compared to the same volume of air at similar temperature and pressure. 4 –

26. Solubility/Miscibility 4 –

27. Solubility is useful in determining spill clean up methods and extinguishing agents. 4 –

29. Miscibility impacts how two or more gases or liquids mix with or dissolve into each other. 4 – Water and oil are immiscible, so they do not mix. Courtesy of U.S. Coast Guard

31. Specific gravity is directly influenced by solubility. 4 –

32. Persistence 4 –

33. Persistence is a chemical’s ability to remain in an environment. 4 –

35. Reactivity is the relative ability to undergo a chemical reaction with another material. 4 – (Continued)

36. The reactivity triangle explains the basic components of many chemical reactions. 4 – (Continued)

37. Reactivity can be effected by polymerization and inhibitors. 4 –

39. GEBMO defines hazardous materials and explains common elements of haz mat incidents. 4 –

40. GEBMO describes the general sequence of events for hazardous materials incidents. 4 –

41. Stress is stimulus causing strain, pressure, or deformity. Haz Mat for First Responders 4 –

42. Breach occurs when a container is stressed beyond limits of recovery. 4 –

44. Release can be product, energy, or parts of the container. 4 – Courtesy of U.S. U.S. Army, photo by Sgt. Jabob H.Smith

45. The dispersion/engulf distribution occurs according to five factors. 4 –

46. A hemispheric dispersion pattern generally results from a rapid release. 4 – (Continued)

47. A cloud dispersion pattern occurs when the material has collectively risen above the ground or water. 4 – (Continued)

48. The plume dispersion pattern is affected by vapor density, terrain, and wind speed/direction. 4 – (Continued)

49. The cone dispersion pattern has a wide base downrange of the breach. 4 – (Continued)

50. The stream dispersion pattern is affected by gravity and topographical contours. 4 – (Continued)

51. The pool dispersion pattern is created by a three-dimensional, slow flowing liquid. 4 – (Continued)

52. Irregular dispersion patterns can result from contaminated vehicles or responders. 4 –

53. Exposure/contact can effect people, environment, and property in a variety of timeframes. 4 –

54. Harm can be generated by a variety of health and physical hazards.