1. Week 1 Class 3
Ewrt 1A

2. Agenda
 Presentation: Four Sentence Types
 Discussion: review for essay #1

3. Types of Sentences
1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex
4. Compound-complex

4. #1: Simple Sentence
 A simple sentence has one subject
and one verb

I like to study grammar.
 A simple sentence is also called an
independent clause.
 An independent clause ends with a
period or semicolon.

5. Simple Sentences
 Examples:
 Carol’s sweater is red.
 You and Alex need to be
quiet.
 Ms. Bennett did a
cartwheel and a backflip.

6. #2: Compound Sentence
 A compound sentence is made up of
two or more simple sentences joined by
one of the following:
 A comma and a coordinating conjunction
 I like to study grammar, and I love this class.

A semicolon
 I like to study grammar; I love this class.

A semicolon and an adverbial conjunction
 I like to study grammar; therefore, I love this class.

7. Coordinating
Conjunctions
 Coordinating Conjunctions are used to join together two
independent clauses.
 Examples:
 For
 And
 Nor
 But
 Or
 Yet
 So

8. Independent
clause
I love you, and you love me.
Independent
clause
Two independent clauses joined together

9. Semicolons
 “If the relation between the ideas expressed
in the main clauses is very close and
obvious without a conjunction, you can
separate the clauses with a semicolon”
(Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p.
361).

10. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
SEMICOLON
Mary has benefited from her writing
exercises; she has good grammar and
punctuation.
Tiffany works in San Francisco; she
runs The Duck.
Elaine pays attention in class; she
takes copious notes

11. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
adverbial conjunctions
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
NEVERTHELESS
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE

12. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Thomas is cool; moreover, he is fashionable
Clause 1 . Clause 2
Independent Independent
Luke’s grandmother buys him sweaters;
however, he does not like them.

13. #3: Complex Sentence
 A complex sentence is a simple
sentence (independent clause) to which
a part of a sentence (dependent clause)
has been added.
 Because I like to study grammar, I
love this class.
 I love this class because I like to study
grammar.

14. Dependent
clause
Because you love me, I love you.
Independent clause
A dependent clause joined to an independent clause.
(The dependent clause needs the rest of the
sentence for support.)

15. Fragment!
Because you love me.
A dependent clause contains a subject and verb. It begins
with a subordinating conjunction, and thus it does not express
a completed thought. A dependent clause is also called a
subordinate clause.
Dependent clauses, like babies, cannot stand alone.

16. A Tip on Punctuation
 Since dependent clauses are only part
of a sentence, you can never connect
them to another sentence with a
semicolon. Semicolons are only used
between two independent clauses.
 I have loved you for years ; although I
never admitted it. No!
 I have loved you for years, although I never
admitted it. OK

17. Common Subordinating (Dependent)
Conjunctions
after even if now that that where
although even once though whereas
though
as if rather than unless wherever
as if whenever since until whether
because in order so that when which
before that than in case while

18. Complex Sentences
 Examples:
 When Trey was little, he played with
blocks.
 After class, good students study.
 If I pass 1A, I will take 1B.
 Use the stairs in case of fire.
 Ava stands at the bottom of the cliff
while the climber moves up the rock.

19. #4: Compound/Complex
Sentence
 A compound/complex sentence is the
last and most complicated type of
sentence.
 It contains at least one dependent
clause and at least two independent
clauses.

20. Dependent
clause
Because we are a family, I
love you, and you love me.
2 independent clauses
A dependent clause added to two or more independent
clauses

21. Compound Complex
Sentences
Example:
 Laura forgot her friend’s birthday, so
she sent her a card when she finally
remembered.

22. Since every sentence in English fits into
one of these four categories,
Simple Compound
Complex Compound/
complex

23. Think You’ve Got It?
 1 independent clause = simple sentence
 Don’t’ forget: These can have compound subjects and
predicates!
 2 independent clauses = compound sentence
 1 or more dependent clause + 1 independent clause
= complex sentence
 2 or more independent clauses + 1 or more dep. clause
= compound complex sentence

24. Let’s Review…

25. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
 The teacher walked into the classroom,
greeted the students, and took
attendance.

26. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
 The teacher walked into the classroom,
greeted the students, and took
attendance.
 SIMPLE:
 Subject: “the teacher”
 Compound Predicate “walked into the
classroom, greeted the students, and took
attendance.”

27. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
 Juan played football while Juanita went
shopping.

28. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
 Juan played football while Juanita went
shopping.
 COMPLEX
 Independent Clause: Juan played football
 Subordinate Clause: while (subordinating
conjunction) Juanita went shopping.

29. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
 Juan played football, yet Juanita went
shopping.

30. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
 Juan played football, yet Juanita went
shopping.
 COMPOUND
 Juan played football, yet (coordinating
conjunction)
 Juanita went shopping.

31. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
 After Reggie passed the test, he went
to the bar to celebrate!

32. Simple, Compound, or Complex?
 After Reggie passed the test, he went
to the bar to celebrate!
 COMPLEX
 After (subordinating conjunction) Reggie
passed the test,
 he went to the bar to celebrate!

33. YOU NOW KNOW EVERYTHING
YOU NEED TO KNOW
• To write anything you want to
write
• Any way you want to write it
• And still get the punctuation right
each time!
CONGRATULATION
S!

34. Outline
Write a one-page outline to use on the essay
exam tomorrow.
•I suggest the following format
•Introduction idea
•Thesis
•Topic sentences for paragraphs
•Counterargument ideas
•Conclusion idea

35. HOMEWORK
 Post #4: Outline with thesis
 Bring: A hard copy of your outline,
pen, and paper to class tomorrow for
the test.