IECON

1. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
SMART METERING SYSTEM FOR
MICROGRIDS
Emilio J. Palacios-García1, Yajuan Guan2, Mehdi Savaghebi2,
Juan C. Vasquez2, Josep M. Guerrero2, Antonio Moreno-Munoz1,
Brian S. Ipsen3.
1 Department of Computer Architecture, Electronics and Electronic
Technology, University of Cordoba, Spain
2 Department of Energy Technology
Aalborg University, Denmark
3 Kamstrup A/S, Denmark
mes@et.aau.dk

2. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
• Introduction
• System Overview
• Test Scenarios and Results
• Recent Work
• Conclusion
12/7/2015 2
Outline

3. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
Conventional Electrical Meters:
 Manual data collection
 One-way communication
 Energy Measurements
12/7/2015 3
Introduction
Towards Smart Grid
Conventional
Electrical Meter
Collect Data
manually
Customer Manual Billing
Smart Meter
Communication
Interface/protocol
Customer Gateway Communication
Interface/protocol
Datebase and
Management
system
Conventional Electrical Meters vs Smart Meters
Smart Meters:
 Remote data collection
 Two-ways communication:
 Advanced communications protocols:
DLMS/COSEM, M-Bus. SML...
 Advanced Measurements:
 Harmonic Distortion (THD)
 Voltage Unbalance and Variations
 Voltage Events (Sags and Swells)

4. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society12/7/2015 4
Introduction
Hierarchical Control Strategies
TimePeriod↑
Current, Voltage inner loops
Droop Control
ω / V Restoration
Grid Synchronization
Power Export/Import
Demand Response
Scheduling, EMS
Main goal
Integration of Smart Meters in the Control Hierarchy

5. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society12/7/2015 5
System Overview
Aalborg University Microgrid (MG) Lab
Ethernet
Communication
DC Power Line
AC Power Line
Smart MetersSM
Each Workstation:
 4 DC-AC converters
 LCL-Filters
 Two Kamstrup Smart Meters
 DSpace

6. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society12/7/2015 6
System Overview
MGLab Workstations
2inv
i
2cv
2out
iLoad
Load
1Lk
gridk
1invk2invk3invk4invk
dcv
1:1
2Lk
dck
C4
1inv
i
1cv
1out
i
3inv
i
3cv
3out
i
302FC
gi
gv
4inv
i
4cv
4out
i
dSPACE 1006
1Inverter2Inverter3Inverter4Inverter
0 1000 ,80 ,80dc
Regatron
V kW A
1o
L
1i
L
2o
L
2i
L
3o
L
3i
L
4o
L
4i
L
4
C 3
C 2
C
1
C
K 382L
K 351B
 Kamstrup 351B: Industrial Smart Meter. Measures the total generating power (DG)
 Kamstrup 382L: Residential Smart Meter. Measures load consumtion (Home/Building)

7. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society12/7/2015 7
System Overview
Communication with Smart Meters
METERTOOL Kamstrup Software
DLMS/COSEM over
Serial Optical Port
IEC 62056-21 over Optical Port
DLMS/COSEM over TCP/IP

8. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society12/7/2015 8
Test Scenarios and Results
Workstation Configuration for the Tests
DC-AC Converter
 Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
2 Loads:
 Load 1: 460 Ω, 50 mH per phase
 Load 2: 460 Ω per phase
2 Switches:
 Monitored Switches
 Controllable from Desktop PC
2 Smart Meters:
 Kamstrup 351B and 382L
 TCP/IP over Ethernet
1 Controller:
 dSPACE real time controller
 ControlDesk Interface

9. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society12/7/2015 9
Test Scenarios and Results
Measurement Capabilities
Load Profile Log
 Both 351B and 382L Models
 5 min to 60 min resolution
 A+/A-/R+/R-
 Depth in days (351B):
 450 days 60min 1 variable
 17 days 5 min 4 variables
 Depth in days (382L):
 2388 days 60min 1 variable
 61 days 5 min 4 variables
Voltage Quality Log
 Both 351B and 382L
 Power Failures per phase
 Overvoltages and undervoltages
 Configurable thresholds
Analysis Log
 Only available in 382L Model
 5 min to 60 min resolution
 Up to 16 variables and 520 days

10. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society12/7/2015 10
Test Scenarios and Results
Scenario 1. Load Profile Measurement
 Variables
 Active Power P+
 Reactive Power Q+
 Active Energy P+
 Reactive Energy Q+
 Resolution
 5 minutes
 Load Profile Monitoring
 Demand Response
 Load Scheduling
 EMS
 Consumers Information
 Better demand predictions
 User feedback

11. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society12/7/2015 11
Test Scenarios and Results
Scenario 2. Voltage Quality Events Detection
 Three-phase voltages
 5 minutes resolution
 ±10% Voltage tolerance
 Voltage Quality logger is
faster than the analysis logger
 2 Events detected:
 Under voltage at 15:12:14
 Voltage restoration at 15:41:51

12. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society12/7/2015 12
Test Scenarios and Results
Scenario 3. Droop Control Monitoring
Pk
QkE
p
v



Droop Control Strategy
 Droop Control:
 Primary Control Strategy
 P control by changing Frequency
 Q control by changing Voltage
 Secondary Control:
 Voltage and Frequency Restoration
PowerActive
Frequency
PowerReactive
Voltage




P
Q
E

 Smart Meters
 Variation longer than 5 min
 Voltage Quality Logger can be
configured (faster than analysis
logger)
 Check Control functionalities
 Detect failure in secondary control

13. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society12/7/2015 13
Recent Work
Smart
Meter
Energy Management
System
Database
Management
System
Forecasting
Module
Scheduling
and
Optimization
Radio Mesh
EN 13757-5
Data
Concentrator
Transformer
Digital
Control
Platform
PC
Set. 4
Transformer
Digital
Control
Platform
PC
Set. 2
Transformer
Digital
Control
Platform
PC
Set. 1
Transformer
Digital
Control
Platform
PC
Set. 3
OMNIA
Wireless Communications
 Radio Mesh
Data Concentrator
 TCP/IP to PC
API and Database
 On Demand Reading
 Conventional Readings
 Historical records
Additional Modules
 Forecasting
 Scheduling
Water and District Heating
Meters Integration

14. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society12/7/2015 14
Conclusions
• Benefits of Integrating Smart Metering Systems inside the electrical Grid:
 Bi-directional Communications
 Advanced Measurements (Not only energy, but also PQ)
 Tertiary Control
• Tested in three practical Scenarios:
 Load Profile Measurement
 Demand Response (DR) and Load Scheduling techniques
 PQ Events Detection
 Improve Supply Quality with Low Cost
 Droop Control Monitoring
 Supervising and detecting functionalities of the Microgrid
• Recent Installation:
 Full AMI System
 Central Database System
 Integration of self developed modules for EMS

15. 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
SMART METERING SYSTEM FOR
MICROGRIDS
Thanks for your attention!
Mehdi Savaghebi
mes@et.aau.dk
Josep M. Guerrero
joz@et.aau.dk
Yajuan Guan
ygu@et.aau.dk
Juan C. Vasquez
juq@et.aau.dk
Emilio J. Palacios-Garcia
p92pagae@uco.es
Antonio Moreno-Munoz
amoreno@uco.es
Brian S. Ipsen
bsi@kamstrup.dk
Industrial
Electronics &
Instrumentation
~~~
For Further Information:
www.microgrid.et.aau.dk
www.meter.et.aau.dk