2. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Deficit crisis
French soldiers who helped came inspired
Signing of the Declaration of
Independence
3. Enlightenment:
Liberty
Equality
Reason
Progress
John Locke (1632-1704)
4. DEFICIT CRISIS AND BAD HARVESTS
◦ Seven Years´s War
◦ Squandering
◦ Bad harvests since 1878
◦ Tax exemptions
5.
6. BANCKRUPTCY
LUOIS XVI required money
asked the privilegeds for pay taxes
refused
7. LOUIS XVI was forced to call the Estates General
(1st time since 1614):
8.
9.
10. Representatives from the third estate demanded
that voting by the population.
Representatives of the privilegeds demanded
each estate had one vote: majority.
11. The third estate left the Estates General
They met at a tennis court
The Third Estate declared itself to be NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
The members of this meet swore not to separate until France had a
CONSTITUTION
12.
13. National assembly was threatened by the Army
the people of Paris supporting the Assembly
STORMING OF THE BASTILLE: 14 July 1789
20. 1791: CONSTITUTION:
France became a constitional monarch
Separation of powers:
Executive: KING
Legislative: LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
National sovereignty
Equal justicie under law
Limited suffrage
21. ELECTIONS: limited suffrage: political parties:
ROYALIST
LA PLAINE: moderate majority
REPUBLICANS:
Moderates: misnamed GIRONDINS
Radical: JACOBINS
supported by Sans Culottes
Extremist: MONTAGNARDS
22.
23. LOUIS XVI
attemped to
escape.
He and his family
were stopped.
First time: THE REPUBLIC is possible.
24. Monarchies of Europe considered intervene:
EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA (Marie Antoinette´s brother)
Legislative Assembly preemptively declared war
on Austria: april 1792
AUSTRIA vs FRANCE
PRUSSIA
25. Initial battles of the war: DISASTER
SANS COLOTTES
LA COMMUNE RIOTS IN PARIS
PEOPLE OF PARIS
10 august 1792 assaulted the Tuileries Palace
The King took refuge in the Legislative Assembly
26. Suspend the King
LEGISLATIVE
ASSEMBLY
just 1/3 of the deputies were Decreed the convocation of
present, most of the a NATIONAL
Jacobins. CONVENTION elected by
universal male suffrage
27.
28. SEPTEMBER MASSACRES
2 september 1792: Prussian army invaded France
Mob Killed 1500
(Sans Culottes
supported by Jacobins prisioners
and Montagnards)
29. 1ST ERUPEAN ELECTIONS WITH UNIVERSAL
MALE SUFFRAGE
NATIONAL CONVENTION: legislative power
35. Jacobins controlled the Convention
They created: COMMITEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
led by ROBBESPIERRE
de facto executive goverment
no power to the Legislative assembly
really: DICTATORSHIP
36. Levée en masse
Law of the Maximus: price controls
Cult of reason: closed the churchs
37. Levée en masse
◦ obligatory military service.
◦ 300.000 men from all the departments of France.
◦ some departments refused to the Levée:
WAR IN THE VENDÉE
REVOLT IN LYON
38. Law of the Maximum:
setting price limit
trying to establishing a managed economy
consequences:
killing those hid food: TERROR
shortage
39. CULT OF REASON
was replaced by
CULT OF THE SUPREME BEING
became a state religion by Robbespierre
40. Almost 200.000
people were
killed:
◦ 1st: counter-
revolutionary
◦ 2nd: counter-jacobins
◦ 3rd: counter-
Robbespierre
41. July 1794 COUP D´ETAT
(moderates)
Jacobins and Robespierre
were guillotined
42.
43. European absolutism
French
conservative French absolutism
bourgeoisie
French extremism
44. Limited suffrage
Separation of powers
Executive: THE DIRECTORY
COUNCIL OF FIVE HUNDRED
Legislative: bicameral
COUNCIL OF ANCIENTS
46. The most famous militar
was a young officer
from Corsica
NAPOLEON
BONAPARTE
Victories in Italy (1797)
and Egypt (1798) Napoleon crossing the Alps, David
47. Bonaparte with the support of moderate group:
End of DIRECTORY
COUP D´ETAT
Start of CONSULATE
