DRUG RESEARCH

1. DRUG
PRESENTATION BY
DR.S.KAMALAKAR

2. FIELDS OFAYURVEDIC RESAEARCH
These are the major different areas to be evaluated scientifically.
They are
• LITERARY
• FUNDAMENTAL
• DRUG
• PHARMACEUTICAL
• CLINICAL

3. DRUG RESEARCH
• Studies in taxonomy, pharmacognosy, cultivation, farming,
agronomy, phytochemistry, and pharmacology in the case of
herbs
• In the case of drugs of mineral origin geological studies
constitutes the drug research. In all the cases toxicological
studies, studies on adulterants and substitutes comes under drug
research
• Here in drug research it is useful to study the corelation between
the pharmaco dynamic properties (rasa, guna, verya, vipaka and
prabhava) with the phytochemical nature of the drug

4. PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
• It involves studies on
• raw material , their collection and storage ,
• primary processing, methods of extraction and formulation ,
preservation , packaging and storage of finished products and
innovations and interventions in improving the acceptability and
appearance of pharmaceutical products

5. IS IT NECESSARY TO DO DRUG RESEARCH
IN AYURVEDA?
LET’S DISCUSS

6. • It is true that science always draws resourses from the past , but
it moves forward with added strength to meet the future.
• In the case of Ayurveda , we have sufficient material of the past
ready to hand, to begin with.
• Hence, traditionally established facts are challenged and
scrutinized here in the light of new knowledge i.e. revalidation
and re-establishment of current wisdom
• The revalidation is a natural process of scientific activity as our
seers have always held that only those who examine the data
become experts in science and this is essential for keeping the
science in tune with the times

7. CONTENTS
1. IMPORTANCE OF DRAVYA(DRUG) IN AYURVEDA
2. DRUG SOURCES
3. DRUG IDENTIFICATION AND ADVANTAGES
4. METHODS OF DRUG IDENTIFICATION ACCORDING
TO AYURVEDA
A)PHYSICALL EXAMINATION
B)CHEMICALL EXAMINATION
5. TYPES OF DRUG THERAPHY (EXAMPLES)
6. STAGES AND METHODS OF DRUG RESEARCH
7. PROTOCOL OF DRUG RESEARCH

8. IMPORTANCE OF DRAVYA(DRUG) IN
AYURVEDA

9. • Ayurveda describes Drug has basic requirement for health
along with the treatment of disease
• It is one of the pillar to maintain the health
• Hetu
• Linga
• AUSHADA{DRUG}
• Ayurvedic drugs are describe on 2 basic principles
1.Panchabhautika siddantha
2.Loka purusha saamya siddantha

10. • CIKITSA PADA
• Bhisak,
• DRAVYA{DRUG},
• Upasthata,
• Rogi
• The drug should be suitable for preparing many recipes,
posesses many good qualities, endowed with virtues, and
suitable used in different condition of doshas in different
diseases in different persons

11. DRUG SOURCES
ANIMAL
JANGAMA
JARAYUJA
ANDAJA
UDBHIJA
SWEDAJA

12. DRUG IDENTIFICATION

13. STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM
To evaluate ayurvedic
methods for drug
identification
TOOLS OF DRUG
IDENTIFICATION
Drug identification is done
with the help of
5 panchendriya
5 karmendriya
Mana
Atma
AIMS & OBJECTS-
To identify the drug ‘X’
Hypothesis –Drug ‘X’to
be identified is other
than ‘X’
MATERIALS &
METHODS-
Drug identification & Its
practical assessment
carried out by basic
examination
Physical
Chemical
OBSERVATIONS
Observations – data
collected should be
present in tabular form
Result – If required
drug sample department
& result drawn
DISCUSSION-
According to
observations & results
the obtained hypothesis
is either accepted (or)
rejected (or) modified
CONCLUSION-
According to discussion
the appropriate
conclusion is drawn
BIBLIOGRAPHY-
Reference should be
quoted from Primary &
Secondary sources
STATISTICAL TEST-
The statistical test of
various pharmacological
action of drugs of same
species should be done
STAMOS BCD

14. • Drug identification is a search for protein (or) to fingerprint a
domain of protein with which pharmaceutical drug specifically
interacts,therefore this process provides critical information of
specific drug.
• Drug identification process is rate limiting step in drug
development & drug discovery.
USE
• It is useful for drug discovery & chemical genetic research
• It is also used for developing combination therapies
• Recycling (or) finding new therapies of existing drug
• It is used for determining the chemical composition of drugs

15. ADVANTAGES
• Used for native & non-derivative drugs
• Used for accurate drug for formulation
• We can identify organisms of drugs
• We can identify its chemical composition
• We can used for detection of drug interaction
• This is very useful in drug discovery & chemical genetics
research
• Also by “chromatography technique & spectrometry techniques”
used.

17. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• it is done according to
• Botanical name-part used,wet (or) dry etc…
• Nomenclature- Local,English (or) Sanskrit
• Geographical sites & collection method
• Seasonal collection schedule
• Morphological examination
1. Tvak-Colour,surface
2. Patra-Colour,texture
3. Moola-Colour,shape,specific identification{black dots- Ativisha}
4. Pushpa-Colour ,shape
5. Phala-Ripe(or)unripe,seed arrangement
6. Beeja-Shape,colour,identification,character{dots}
7. Gandha-Odour
8. Sparsha-Texture
9. Rasa-Taste

18. CLINICAL EXAMINATION
• Drug as a single formulation is to be explained for its pharmacological
action in the body
• THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR CLINICAL EXAMINATION:
1. Type of administration-Anupana
2. Indication-Drug used in particular disease{Brahmi-Brain Tonic}
3. In whom-Though toxic drug purified but then also it cautiously used
in pregnant,lactating women,children
4. Action type-
Samshodhan-Madanaphala in Vamana
Samshamana-Guduchi in Jwara
Srotas-Pushkaramoola in Respiratory system disorders
5. Pharmacology-action of drug on various diseases in different doses
(or) Routes (or) Forms
6. Veerya,Vipaka,Prabhava

19. TYPES OF DRUG THERAPHY
• Single drug-on single disease - Nimba – Kushta
• Single drug in many disease - Guduchi-Prameha,Pandu,
• Formulated drug – on single disease - Sitopaladi Choorna in kasa
• Preventive theraphy - Rasayana old age
• Prophylatic theraphy - Vishishta vyadhi rasayana
• Sympamatic treatment - Chandanaadi taila in jwara

20. DRUG RESEARCH
STAGES OF
DRUG RESEARCH
METHODS OF DRUG
RESEARCH

21. STAGES
1.LITERARY STUDY
Folk lore
Tribal practice
Scriptures & book
3.TESTING OF DRUG
Physical testing
Chemical testing
Phytochemistry
Active principles
Contents,extracts,essential oils etc
Microscopic study
Study of action toxicity
2.TRADITIONAL
Collection of specimen
Field research & survey
Identification & classification of drugs
Plant habits & Epidimiological study
Standardization of drugs
LTT

22. METHODS
EFFICACY
STUDY
TESTING OF
DRUG
TOXICOLOGI
CAL STUDY
IN PROCESS DRUG
STANDARDIZATIO
N
RAW MATERIAL
STUDY
FIELDWORKLITERARY
FINISHED
PRODUCTS
LFT TERIF

23. •LITERARY-
•It includes the collection of
information from different
sources like scriptres
folk lore etc,…
•FIELDWORK-
•It includes the collection,
identification of drug via
survey of specific region,
taxonomy, agronomy & drug
authentication also it helps in
conservation of natural
resources
•TESTING OF DRUG-
•Testing for their dosage form,
its formulation & efficacy
should be carried out for
quality control
•TOXICOLOGICAL
STUDY-
•Toxic drugs which are
mentioned in Ayurvedic
literatures should be studied
for their effects in the body
before & after purification.
EFFICACY STUDY-
The well designed clinical
trails are carried out to test
the efficacy of proclaimed
drugs for a particular disease
RAW MATERIAL
STUDY-
The drug should be easily
available should have
multiple formulations with
optimal qualities.
IN PROCESS DRUG
STANDARDIZATION-
Different manufacturing
techniques utilised to increase
the potency of drug & reduce
the unwanted effects.
FINISHED PRODUCTS-
The finished should have following qualities
Drug should be potent
Immediately effective
Should have optimal activity of disease supervision
Favourable pharmo kinetic properties
Maximum half- life, Cost effective

24. PROTOCOL OF
DRUG RESEARCH
THE FOLLOWING STORY MAY SERVE AS
PROBABLE BASIS FOR RESEARCH PROTOCOL TO
BE APPLIED FOR HERBAL/AYURVEDIC DRUGS

25. THE STORY OF GUGGULU
• The story of Guggulu illustrates how Ayurvedic principles if
correctly interpreted and applied can yield useful drugs
• Dr.G.V.Satyavathi, former director of ICMR along with her
guide Dr.C.Dwarakanath, found a strong analogy between the
ancient concepts of Medhoroga and the modern views
Atherosclerosis
• Inspired by a sloka from the Susrutha Samhita , which
described the effects of Guggulu in medoroga , they screened
it for its ability to reduce cholestrol and scored a success
• The devolopment of the drug Guggulu as an allopathic
medicine took almost two decades. It is available as
GUGGULIP manufactured by cipla company

26. • What is striking is that the drug was prepared in the same way
as described in ayurveda using modern equipment
• In ayurvedic practice , the drug has to be purified by tying the
resin obtained from commiphora mukul in a muslin cloth and
then immersing in plain or medicated boiling water
• The soluble portion sweeps out and the extract is obtained after
evaporation
• Ayurveda’s insistence on boiling the gum guggulu to isolate the
active portion is validated by modern techinique of extraction
• Two fractions can be seperated from guggulu after boiling ,one
that is insoluble and toxic and the other that is soluble and
active

27. • Thus Ayurveda adopted time tested safety devices and practices
to screen ineffective or toxic remedies
• This is one of the reasons why many senior scientists have
advocated undertaking of direct clinical studies without
preliminary screening for animal or human toxicity
• However , what we should not forget is that is only true , when
rules of Ayurveda are followed , not only with respect to choice
of drug but also for preparation of the drug, its combination with
other drugs , associated dietry restrictions etc..

28. POINTS TO REMEMBER
1. DRUG IDENTIFICATION…..STAMOS BCD(9)
2. DRUG RESEARCH
A. STAGES….LTT(3)
B. METHODS….LFT TERIF(8)

29. REFERENCES
• 1.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND MEDICAL
STATISTICS…..DR.AJIT AND DR PRAMOD
• 2.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR AYURVEDIC
SCHOLARS…DR.S.SURESH BABU

30. THANKUDOCTORS