1. by : Lady Sei
Shonagon

2.  a Japanese author and a
court lady who served the
Empress Teishi (Sadako)
around the year 1000 during
the middle Heian period.
 She is best known as the
author of The Pillow Book

3. Shōnagon is also known for her
rivalry with her
contemporary, writer and court
lady Murasaki Shikibu, author of
The Tale of Genji who served the
Empress Shoshi.
She was the daughter of
Kiyohara no Motosuke, a scholar
and well-known waka poet, who

4. Shōnagon
became
popular
through her
work The
Pillow Book, a
collection of
lists, gossip, p
oetry, observat

5. it is mostly a personal
work, Shōnagon's writing and
poetic skill makes it interesting as
a work of literature, and it is
valuable as a historical document.
Part of it was revealed to the
Court by accident during
Shōnagon's life.

7.  CAPITAL : TOKYO
 LANGUAGE : NIHONNGO
 RELIGION : BUDDHISM
 The first novel, The Tale of Genji, was
written in 1007 by a Japanese noble
woman, Murasaki Shikibu.
 Tsukiji market in Tokyo is the world's largest
fish market.
 The Japanese language has thousands of
foreign loan words, known as gairaigo.

8.  Japan is the largest automobile producer in
the world.
 Average life expectancy in Japan is one of
the highest in the world. Japanese people
live an average of 4 years longer than
Americans.
 Japan is the world’s largest consumer of
Amazon rain forest timber.
 Religion does not play a big role in the lives
of most Japanese and many do not
understand the difference between
Shintoism and Buddhism

9.  Mt. Fuji, the tallest mountain in Japan, is
an active volcano.

10.  One is called, in Japanese, gogyō (
), having its backgrounds in the Chinese five
elements, and the other is called godai ( ).
Godai is usually regarded as a Buddhism term
in Japan, with certain influences from Hinduism
 The Buddhist philosophy godai, lit. "five
great", is perhaps best known in the West for
their use in Miyamoto Musashi's famous text
Gorin-no-sho (The Book of Five Rings), in which
he explains different aspects of swordsmanship
by assigning each aspect to an element.

11.  Chi (sometimes ji) or tsuchi, meaning
"Earth", represents the hard, solid objects
of the world. The most basic example of
chi is in a stone
 Sui or mizu, meaning "Water", represents
the fluid, flowing, formless things in the
world. Outside of the obvious example of
rivers and the like, plants are also
categorized under sui, as they adapt to
their environment

12.  Ka or hi, meaning "Fire", represents the
energetic, forceful, moving things in the
world. Animals, capable of movement and
full of forceful energy, are primary
examples of ka objects.
 Fū or kaze, meaning "Wind", represents
things that grow, expand, and enjoy
freedom of movement.
 Kū or sora, most often translated as
"Void", but also meaning "sky" or
"Heaven", represents those things beyond
our everyday experience, particularly
those things composed of pure energy.

13.  Kawabata was a Japanese short story
writer and novelist “
 Masuji Ibuse. He was a Japanese writer
who became famous after World War II.
 Edogawa Rampo. Best known by his
literary pseudonym

14. This god had a
fierce temper
and was given to
cruel acts.

15. 400,000
warriors, called
"samurai", whose
ranks ranged in
numerous grades
and degrees.
The samurai were
affiliated with senior
lords in a well-
established chain of
command

16.  During the Edo
period,/Tokugawa
period, the administration
of the country was shared
by over two hundred
daimyō in a federation
governed by the Tokugawa
shogunate.

17.  The Tokugawa
clan, leader of the
victorious eastern
army in the Battle
of Sekigahara, was
the most powerful
of them and for
fifteen generations
monopolized the
title of Sei-i
Taishōgun (often
shortened to
shōgun).

19. Pit Dwelling Rice Storage “kura”

20.  This period is named after Yayoi town, the
subsection of Bunkyō, Tokyo, where
archaeological investigations uncovered its
first recognized traces
 . The Yayoi period brought Shamanism
and divination by oracles to Shinto, in
order to guarantee good crops

21.  Japan first appeared in written records in 57
AD with the following mention in China's
Book of the Later Han.
 The Yoshinogari site in Kyūshū is the
most famous archaeological site of the
Yayoi period

23. The addition of two phonetic
syllabaries (katakana and hiragana)
during the Heian era (794–1185)
opened the classic age, in which
Japanese literature reached its first
peak of development.
Classical Chinese still predominated in
intellectual literary circles and official
court communications, yet literature in
the native language, the only written
medium permitted to educated
women, gained increasing prestige.

24.  Much Heian literature of note was written by
aristocratic women, foremost among whom
was Murasaki Shikibu
 Sei Shonagon, another contemporary court
lady, wrote Makura no soshi [the pillow
book], a compilation of miscellaneous notes
and reflections that provides an excellent
portrait of Heian aristocratic life, with its
emphasis on elegance—always an important
element of the Japanese aesthetic.

25. The Japanese have always esteemed
poetry as the highest of literary
arts, and poets regarded inclusion in
a poetry anthology as a supreme
honor.

26.  Protagonist ) Okinamaro – who foolishly
startled and terrified a cat that lived in the
palace.
 (Antagonist ) Lady Myobu – The Emperor’s
Cat, treates with the greatest care
 Lady Uma – the nurse in charged to Lady
Myobu
 Emperor / Empress / Majesty
 Ukon

27. The story was written
during the middle
Heian Period. And
most of the scenes
was taken in the
Palace

28. The same evening a wretched-looking
dog walked in, his body was trembling and
he was swollen all over.The Empress saw
the dog but couldn’t believe that this was
their dog okinamaro, because it doesn’t
react or respond at all.”No it cannot be the
same one. And besides, wasn’t okinamaro
beaten to death and his body thrown
away? How could any dog be alive after
being flogged by two strong men?” The
majesty was very unhappy after hearing
this.

30. It is Internal Conflict , Okinamaro
struggle within himself, he makes
some decisions and he overcome
pain . Man vs Man – Okinamaro
struggles with his physical strength
against other men, forces of nature or
animals.

31.  The Pillow Book is a collection of
anecdotes, memories of court and religious
ceremonies, character sketches, lists of things
the author enjoyed or loathed, places that
interested her, diary entries, descriptions of
nature, pilgrimages, conversations, poetry
exchanges–indeed, almost everything that made
up daily life for the upper classes in japan during
the Heian period. Her style is so eloquent, her
observations so skillfully chosen, and her wit so
sharp that even the smallest detail she records
can attract and hold the attention of any modern
reader

32. First Person – The story is told by
the protagonist or one of the
characters who interacts closely
with the protagonist or other
characters. The reader sees the
story through this person’s eyes
as he/she experiences it and
only knows what he/she knows
or feels.