Covers pp. 62-65 in the Brinkley Text

1. p. 62-65

3.  Mercantilism: use of gov’t subsidies and
charters to stimulate English manufacturing
and foreign trade
 Beginning in 1650’s, English gov’t began
extending these policies to the American
colonies
 Created a generation of political controversy
 Why?

4.  Regulation of commerce in the colonies:
 Colonies would produce agricultural goods and raw
materials
 English merchants would then carry them to the
home country
 They would be re-exported or manufactured into
finished products
 This led to the Navigation Acts…

5.  1651: the act prohibited Dutch merchants from
colonial trade
 Gave English traders a monopoly
 Required that goods imported into England or
its American settlements be carried on English
owned ships
 Later, colonial sugar, tobacco, and indigo could
only be shipped to England.

6.  Even further, European exports had to pass
through England before coming to America
 Then, they taxed all of the goods coming
through England to raise money
 Created a staff of customs officials to collect the
taxes

7.  England’s navy drove Dutch out of New
Netherland by force
 Ended Dutch supremacy in African Slave Trade
 English merchants expanded fleets and dominated
Atlantic commerce
 Some, including Puritans in MA, ignored the laws
 MA was denied a charter for NH, and gave it to
someone else with a separate governor
 Puritans were annulled in MA in 1684 for violating
Navigation Acts

8.  1688
 Against James II, who revoked many charters
and openly practiced Catholicism
 Had a child with Catholic wife, causing fear of
Catholic heir to throne
 Backed by popular protests and army, they
forced James II into exile
 Gave his protestant daughter Mary the throne
 William of Orange was her husband
 Why so “Glorious”?

9.  William and Mary accepted a bill of rights
 Increased personal liberties and parliamentary
powers
 Leaders of coup used teachings of Locke, who
rejected divine-right theories and focused on
individual rights
 John Locke (1632-1704)
 What were some of his key ideas on gov’t?

10.  In America, this led to rebellions in MA, MD,
and NY in 1689
 In MA, Puritans seized the governor and
shipped him back to England
 MA became a royal colony, not a Puritan one
 Religious freedom was part of deal

11.  In MD, tobacco prices were very low
 Small landowners and servants livelihood were
threatened
 Taxes increasing, fees as well from Catholics
 Lord Baltimore was suspended from power
 Coode’s Rebellion
 New charter set up until Church of England as
official church
 Lord Baltimore IV got charter back in 1715

12.  1691 in NY: merchants had won support of a
newly appointed royal governor
 Jacob Leisler
 Instituted a representative assembly
 Supported a merchant-dominated board that
lowered artisans wages
**This is part of the beginning of salutary neglect
on the colonies
** gave merchants free reign