5. Contour Drawings Contour lines surround the edge of a form, distinguishing one area from another while limiting the form, as the line appearing in a coloring book does. An outline defines a two-dimensional shape. Contour lines are interior and exterior boundaries (edges) of an implied three-dimensional form.
6. Blind Contour Drawings Blind contour drawing is a method of drawing, which presents itself as an effective training aid. The student, fixing their eyes on the outline of the model or object, draws the contour very slowly in a steady, continuous line without lifting the pencil or looking at the paper.
7. Gesture Drawings Gesture drawing is many things: a way to "see", a technique of drawing, an exercise, a defined "scribble", and a finished style. Basically, it is a method of training hands to quickly sketch what the brain has already seen. Staying "focused" means sustained concentration.
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9. Types of Painting Tempera Oil Acrylic Watercolor Pigments are dry, powdery substances that provide the color in paint. The painting mediums differ due to the vehicle, or the liquid that suspends the pigments, which allows the pigment to move freely while being applied to the support in addition to making it stick to the surface. For example, with oil paints, linseed oil is the binder and turpentine is the vehicle and with tempera, egg yolk is the binder and water is the vehicle. The most common support materials are wood and stretched canvas, but plaster, metal, slate, and paper are also used. Before painting, some support materials need to be sealed with a ground, such as gesso, a mixture of plaster or white chalk and glue.
10. Egg Tempera Egg tempera is a technique used since the Middle Ages in which an egg yolk or the whole egg is mixed with pigments and painted on a sealed wood support. Like true fresco, an egg tempera painting is permanent and colors stay true. Like encaustic, the medium dries very quickly. A Medieval example of tempera painting is Bernard Daddi’s triptych (three-part painting) Madonna and Child.
11. Oil Paint Oil painting, developed during the fifteenth century, uses linseed oil as the vehicle. Linseed oil accepts a wide variety of pigments and dries slowly, allowing colors to blend together well. It is perhaps the most flexible medium, permitting colors to be opaque or transparent, thick or thin. Thin layers of oil paint are called glazes, which emit a luminous quality. Thick application of oil paint is called impasto and adds actual texture and a three-dimensional effect to the picture plane, as seen in the detail of Vincent van Gogh’s Starry Night.
12. Bingham – Fur Traders Descending the Missouri, 1845 oil
13. Acrylic Acrylic is a synthetic paint that was developed in the middle of the twentieth century, so it has only been around for about fifty years. Like oil paint, acrylics can be blended easily and are flexible, allowing the color to be opaque or transparent, thick or thin. Unlike oils, acrylic paints dry relatively quickly, tend to have a flat color, and can be applied to an unprimed surface. Stephen Quiller – Douglas Fir and Aspen 2007, acrylic
14. Watercolor Watercolor is a portable medium using gum arabic and water as the vehicle. Colors can be transparent, allowing the white paper to reflect light for a luminous effect, or they can be applied or layered to produce an opaque quality. Watercolor dries relatively quickly and is a demanding medium, requiring control. Frank Wilcox – Under the Big Top, c. 1930 watercolor
15. Clay 8 th -7 th century BCE Jar with frieze of bulls, Neo-Assyrian, Iran Raku pot
24. Linoleum Cuts or Linocut Linoleum is modern in development and artists start with a rubbery, synthetic surface of linoleum and take out areas that are not intended to be inked. There is no grain on linoleum and it can be cut with ease in any direction. Elizabeth Catlett, linocut prints I am a negro woman c.1941 Sharecropper, 1968
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