How to Develop Learning Outcomes
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Creating learning outcomes stumps many people. Learn how to develop learning outcomes and objectives
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How to Develop Learning Outcomes
- 2. HOW TO DEVELOP… LEARNING OUTCOMES • Big picture goals • Skill, knowledge or ability targets • 4 to 8 outcomes LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Mastery of outcomes • Measurable activities • 4 to 5 objectives per outcome
- 4. LEARNING OUTCOMES 4 TO 8 OUTCOMES Consider other factors that affect outcomes CONSIDER INFLUENCES THINK BACKWARDS Focus on desired knowledge & skills of student Zoom out to the core aspects of the subject ZOOM OUT
- 5. THINK BACKWARDS Determine DESIRED RESULTS of student knowledge, performance, ability and/or attitude • What are the big ideas? • What enduring understandings are important? • What content is worthy of learning? • What should learners take away? UNDERSTANDING BY DESIGN BY MCTIGHE & WIGGINS http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/siteASCD/publications/ UbD_WhitePaper0312.pdf
- 6. ZOOM OUT Sequence learning events with BROAD VIEW being first • Zoom out to general and fundamental level • Choose a few core aspects of the subject • Ensure aspects are interrelated ELABORATION THEORY BY REIGELUTH http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/elabor ation_theory.html
- 7. CONSIDER INFLUENCES Factors that influence the formation of learning outcomes • Program and institutional goals • Industry demands • Student characteristics and prior learning • Good teaching and learning practices • Your notion of learning
- 8. COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT Think Backwards Zoom Out • Explore the many roles of managers within an organization • Impact of external changes, such as globalization and environmental concerns Big Idea Aspect of Subject LEARNING OUTCOME • Illustrate how changes to the external environment impact an organization Influences • Business field • Trends in business & management • Environmental movement • College business program goals • Students lack of management experience • Real-world learning EXAMPLE
- 10. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 4 TO 5 OBJECTIVES per OUTCOME Choose evidence to measure the objective has been met MEASURE IT ZOOM IN Zoom in one or two levels to the details of the subject Determine action students must take to achieve the objective CAMERA, ACTION!
- 11. ZOOM IN Sequencing of learning events to move to next level of detail • Zoom in/drill down ONE or TWO LEVELS of subject • This level is the subparts of the whole picture • More detailed but not as much as learning activities or assessments ELABORATION THEORY BY REIGELUTH http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/elabor ation_theory.html
- 12. ACTION & MEASURE LEARNING DOMAINS - verb COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE PSYCHOMOTOR I know… I feel… I perform… remember - recognize understand - explain apply - use analyze - compare evaluate - critique create – produce receive - accept respond - discuss value - persuade organize - change internalize – act perceive - identify set - begin guided response - copy mechanical - assemble overt response - build adapt - alter originate – construct TYPES OF LEARNING BY BLOOM (Revised taxonomy) http://www.lbcc.edu/oas/documents/bloom_s-rev_3-09.pdf
- 13. COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT Zoom In • How to understand changes in the external environment Level 2 of Subject Action • Examine, locate, recognize, discover Student Performs LEARNING OBJECTIVE • Examine the process of environmental scanning Measure • Report, list, discussion, blog Evidence of Learning EXAMPLE
- 15. Answers next • What are 2 learning outcomes in this presentation? • Then, determine 2 learning objectives per those outcome
- 16. ANSWER TO ACTIVITY #3 Outcome #1 - To compose concise learning outcomes • To determine essential learning Learning Objectives • To acknowledge influences on learning outcomes Outcome #2 - To develop learning objectives to master learning outcomes • To determine next level of subject details Learning Objectives • To design a learning objective that active and measureable
- 17. SUMMARY LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Big picture goals • Mastery of outcomes • Skill, knowledge or ability targets • Measurable activities • 4 to 8 outcomes • 4 to 5 objectives per outcome • Backward design • Zoom in • Zoom out • Camera, Action • Consider influences • Measure It!