1. Increased earning
potential and
greater
independence
Aid agencies, NGOs
Less likely to marry
and governments
young and children
getting more girls Educated
more spaced apart
into school by:
More education the
abolishing fees
girls change Girls forced to queue for up
greater likelihood worlds
providing toilets to 10 hours a day to collect
that the children
(not having them is water from a far off well
will be immunised,
a huge deterrent). denies them of an education
better fed and
better educated
too.
Water & A matter of human dignity as
well as saving lives -
sanitation
thousands of under 5s die
save lives from cholera, dysentery and
Tiny loans (known typhoid every day
Being very small as microfinance)
(often less than that buy
inexpensive items, Preventing diarrhoeal
200$) repayment is
such as mobile diseases reduces malnutrition
possible in a few
months, so avoiding phones, enable
burdensome debt and entrepreneurs to
Wider benefits include fewer
turning on its head start a small
days off work or school thus
the entrenched view business - eg
benefiting the economy both
that poor people are selling, weaving,
short term (work) and long
credit risks. baking, bicycle SMART AID Researchers, term (school).
repair, etc. governments, NGOs
and health workers
Small loans cooperating to help
eradicate killer Sickness can be devastating
Improved earnings mean: produce big diseases like malaria, for the entire family because:
children can be sent to school results measles, polio and they must pay for doctors,
families eat better and are therefore AIDS, that can kill hospitalisation and
healthier millions each year. medication from their own
women earning gain self-esteem and pockets
more say in the home & neighbourhood. someone in the family has
to stop work to care for the
Killer disease sick relative
Success means others can be employed in can run into debt just by
on the runs paying for over the counter
the business.
drugs to combat childhood
fevers.
New strains of plants developed
such as the staple crop cassava led
to yields 9X that of older varieties. Important developments include:
Research
insecticide treated bed nets to prevent
drives malaria
development improved vaccines and better access to
Helps understand how plant,
animal and human diseases spread those who need them.

2. Providing incentive
and motivation to
drive development Land reform
forward Eradicating extreme
poverty and hunger -
achieved in Thailand,
progressing in South
Creating the means to Africa & Mexico
develop education,
training, maternal
Debt
health and general re-scheduling
Eg mobile phones are Primary education for
health (see MDGs) all - achieved Mexico &
High cheaper and easier
technology than computers at Thailand and
accessing information progressing in South
Africa, Bangladesh &
Linked to 'tied aid' Kenya
that is both top down IMF's structural Eg Pergau Dam in
and donor controlled readjustments Malaysia - UK
TOP DOWN government aid
Capital programme set up Gender equality and
intensive and without local empowering women -
often consultation. Many achieved in Bangladesh
Tiny loans that can government believe the £234m aid & Thailand and
facilitate progress but Micro-funding led package was 'tied' to a progressing in South
be easily repaid £1b arms deal. Africa & Mexico
Reducing by two thirds
Multilateral - IMF,
UN Millennium infant mortality -
World Bank, etc
Narrowing the Development Goals achieved in Mexico &
Thailand
Development Gap priorities achieved by
Bilateral - individual
International Aid strategies opposite
countries Official
Development Improvement to
Assistance (ODA) maternal health -
Achieved in Thailand
Both multi- and bi- Eg Hunger Project - one
lateral ODA aid are of several organisations
examples of top-down BOTTOM UP forging partnerships Combating diseases
development Local with local communities especially HIV &
initiatives in Africa, Asia & Latin malaria - Achieved in
supported by America to mobilise Thailand and
NGOs grassroots people for progressing in Mexico
Fairtrade - working self-reliant action as
with small farmers well as intervening for
helping to make them gender equality
more economically Ensuring environmental
secure sustainability -
achieved in Thailand
Trade
and progressing in
Appropriate to means South Africa & Mexico
Managing subsidies
and needs
and tariffs to facilitate
a level playing field Appropriate
technology Developing a global
Eg tube wells are less partnerships for
costly and more development -
practical than large Progressing in South
Facilitating dam schemes at
development in Africa
Reducing the providing clean water
education,
infrastructure, digital divide
communication, etc

3. Averages 70% of
GDP
In Mozambique it is
204% of GDP Debt
There have been at least
18 civil and
Repayments drain Conflict international conflicts in
government income the region since 1990
Lack of water supply
prevents farm Barriers to
improvements
narrowing the
Water development Averages 4% of GDP
Aquifers over used gap in and is off-set by debt
and running dry sub-Saharan
Africa Aid
Most MEDCs do not give
the 0.7% of their GDP
12 countries have they promised
experienced famine
since 1990
Food Deforestation, soil erosion and
desertification are occuring as
Per capita food
production is falling
Resources increasing populations degrade
resources
in the region