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Melbourne University
        March 2012
   Concept of the State

   Theories of democracy

   What is the „public‟?
   Absolutist or pluralist

   a)Absolutist- single ruler whose authority is
    law and power is undivided -hereditary
    monarchy or totalitarian state.

   b) Pluralist –power and authority is shared-
    constitutional monarchy, oligarchy, democracy
   People saw the world as both a natural and
    human creation.

   People governing themselves.

   Democracy about limiting the power of the
    rulers.
PAPPPPAPARTICIPATOR
       DEMOCRACY
      (participation)




REPRESENTATIVE      DIRECT
   Direct democracies are ones in which all
    citizens have the right and responsibility to
    directly participate in political offices of the
    State.

   Origins in the Middle East and moved both
    West and East.

   Generally associated with small political
    entities; village, tribe, city state.
   Representative democracies are ones where
    citizens elect people to represent them
    through specific purpose assemblies-
    Parliaments, Congress.
   Origins.

   Scale

   Representation and democracy.
   “Monitory democracy is a Post- Westminster form
    of democracy in which power-monitoring ad
    power-sharing devices have begun to extend side-
    ways and downwards through the whole political
    order.. A brand new historical form” ( Keane p706)

   With the advent of monitory democracy.. “the
    architecture of democracy has begun
    fundamentally to change” ( Keane p706)
Democracy




Representative          Direct




             Monitory
Consultation mechanisms and      Scrutinisingmehanisms and
activities                       activities
Citizens juries and assemblies   Anti-corruption bodies

Community consultation           Human rights organisations

Participatory budgeting          Conflict of interest boards

Focus groups                     Consumer protection organisations

Advisory boards                  On-line petitions and blogs

Open houses                      Multinational watchdog bodies

Public consultations             Traditional and social media
   A new form or a hybrid?

   Who monitors the „monitors‟

   The role of social media; a new form of mass
    „hysteria?

   Political timidity and populism?
   The public realm-classical

   The public realm- modern democratic State

   Public or publics?
Public realm                    Private realm




agora-realm of political activity   oikos- realm of
                                    the family and the
                                    economy
Private   Public   State
   Concepts of the State, democracy
    , citizenship and „the public‟ change over
    time.

   Meaning of monitory democracy.

   Modern democracies comprise private and
    State realms with public sphere mediating
    between the two.

   Public realm is a regulatory realm in which
    opinions are formed
   Public realm comprises many „publics.

   The nature of the relationship between
    public, private and State and whether one
    accepts that the public sphere is really a
    sphere of many publics is what underpins the
    changing views of public administration and
    how it should be conducted.

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Session 1

  • 1. Melbourne University March 2012
  • 2. Concept of the State  Theories of democracy  What is the „public‟?
  • 3. Absolutist or pluralist  a)Absolutist- single ruler whose authority is law and power is undivided -hereditary monarchy or totalitarian state.  b) Pluralist –power and authority is shared- constitutional monarchy, oligarchy, democracy
  • 4. People saw the world as both a natural and human creation.  People governing themselves.  Democracy about limiting the power of the rulers.
  • 5. PAPPPPAPARTICIPATOR DEMOCRACY (participation) REPRESENTATIVE DIRECT
  • 6. Direct democracies are ones in which all citizens have the right and responsibility to directly participate in political offices of the State.  Origins in the Middle East and moved both West and East.  Generally associated with small political entities; village, tribe, city state.
  • 7. Representative democracies are ones where citizens elect people to represent them through specific purpose assemblies- Parliaments, Congress.  Origins.  Scale  Representation and democracy.
  • 8. “Monitory democracy is a Post- Westminster form of democracy in which power-monitoring ad power-sharing devices have begun to extend side- ways and downwards through the whole political order.. A brand new historical form” ( Keane p706)  With the advent of monitory democracy.. “the architecture of democracy has begun fundamentally to change” ( Keane p706)
  • 9. Democracy Representative Direct Monitory
  • 10. Consultation mechanisms and Scrutinisingmehanisms and activities activities Citizens juries and assemblies Anti-corruption bodies Community consultation Human rights organisations Participatory budgeting Conflict of interest boards Focus groups Consumer protection organisations Advisory boards On-line petitions and blogs Open houses Multinational watchdog bodies Public consultations Traditional and social media
  • 11. A new form or a hybrid?  Who monitors the „monitors‟  The role of social media; a new form of mass „hysteria?  Political timidity and populism?
  • 12. The public realm-classical  The public realm- modern democratic State  Public or publics?
  • 13. Public realm Private realm agora-realm of political activity oikos- realm of the family and the economy
  • 14. Private Public State
  • 15. Concepts of the State, democracy , citizenship and „the public‟ change over time.  Meaning of monitory democracy.  Modern democracies comprise private and State realms with public sphere mediating between the two.  Public realm is a regulatory realm in which opinions are formed
  • 16. Public realm comprises many „publics.  The nature of the relationship between public, private and State and whether one accepts that the public sphere is really a sphere of many publics is what underpins the changing views of public administration and how it should be conducted.