SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  27
Community Ecology population ecosystem community biosphere organism
COMMUNITY ECOLOGY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NICHE  ,[object Object],[object Object],Fundamental niches Realized niches High tide Low tide Species 1 Species 2 Competitive Exclusion If Species 2 is removed, then Species 1 will occupy whole tidal zone. But at lower depths Species 2  out-competes  Species 1, excluding it from its potential (fundamental) niche. Chthamalus sp. Semibalanus sp.
NICHE & COMPETITION ,[object Object],[object Object]
RESOURCE PARTITIONING ,[object Object],“ the ghost of competition past”
INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS (INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SPECIES)  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
commensalism predation competition Symbiosis mutualism … not very funny for a clown fish  +/0 +/+ +/- -/-
COEVOLUTION IN COMMUNITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Long term evolutionary adjustments between species
PREDATION DRIVES EVOLUTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],spines, thorns, toxins horns, speed, coloration Predation provides a strong selection pressure on both prey & predator
ANTI-PREDATOR ADAPTATIONS/DEFENSE MECHANISMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],lizard toad
COMMON WARNING COLORATION ,[object Object],black, red,  orange & yellow means: DON’T EAT ME !
MIMICRY ,[object Object],Hawkmoth larva puffs up to look like poisonous snake Batesian mimicry hawkmoth larvae green parrot snake Convergent evolution
BATESIAN MIMICRY Monarch male poisonous Convergent evolution fly bee moth bee Which is the fly vs. the bee? Which is the moth vs. the bee? Viceroy male edible
MULLERIAN MIMICRY yellow jacket cuckoo bee two or more harmful species look like each other Mullerian mimicry
WHAT KIND OF MIMICRY? Coral snake  is poisonous King snake is not Red on yellow, poison fellow; red on black, safe from attack
CHARACTERIZING A COMMUNITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SPECIES DIVERSITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
KEYSTONE SPECIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sea star diversity decreases mussels out-compete other species diversity increases Washington coast
KEYSTONE SPECIES ,[object Object],dams transform flowing streams into ponds creating new habitat
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mt. St. Helens
PRIMARY SUCCESSION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],make soil {
SECONDARY SUCCESSION ,[object Object],burning releases nutrients formerly locked up in the tissues of tree the disturbance starts the process of succession over again
SUCCESSION OF SPECIES lichens & mosses grasses trees bushes & small trees pioneer species compete well in high sunlight more shade tolerant species shade tolerant species stable community
CLIMAX FOREST ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DISTURBANCES AS NATURAL CYCLE  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FOREST FIRES
WHEN PEOPLE DON’T LEARN ECOLOGY! Building homes in fire climax zones preventing fires makes next year’s fire much worse !
2007-2008 Don’t blow  your top ! Ask Questions !

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Biodiversity conservation
Biodiversity conservationBiodiversity conservation
Biodiversity conservation
rajeshap
 
Introduction To Ecology
Introduction To EcologyIntroduction To Ecology
Introduction To Ecology
sacklax40
 

Tendances (20)

Ecology of community
Ecology of communityEcology of community
Ecology of community
 
Introduction to ecology
Introduction to ecologyIntroduction to ecology
Introduction to ecology
 
Biodiversity conservation
Biodiversity conservationBiodiversity conservation
Biodiversity conservation
 
Global pattern of biodiversity
Global pattern of biodiversityGlobal pattern of biodiversity
Global pattern of biodiversity
 
History of Ecology
History of EcologyHistory of Ecology
History of Ecology
 
Biotic Interactions
Biotic InteractionsBiotic Interactions
Biotic Interactions
 
Species diversity (PLANT ECOLOGY)
Species diversity (PLANT ECOLOGY)Species diversity (PLANT ECOLOGY)
Species diversity (PLANT ECOLOGY)
 
Community ecology
Community ecology Community ecology
Community ecology
 
biodiversity indices
 biodiversity indices biodiversity indices
biodiversity indices
 
Concepts of Habitat and Niche
Concepts of Habitat and NicheConcepts of Habitat and Niche
Concepts of Habitat and Niche
 
Population ecology
Population ecologyPopulation ecology
Population ecology
 
Niche concept
Niche conceptNiche concept
Niche concept
 
Biodiversity
Biodiversity Biodiversity
Biodiversity
 
Concept and characteristics of biodiversity
Concept and characteristics of biodiversityConcept and characteristics of biodiversity
Concept and characteristics of biodiversity
 
Biological communities
Biological communitiesBiological communities
Biological communities
 
Introduction To Ecology
Introduction To EcologyIntroduction To Ecology
Introduction To Ecology
 
Ecotones
EcotonesEcotones
Ecotones
 
Ecology
EcologyEcology
Ecology
 
Principles of ecology
Principles of ecologyPrinciples of ecology
Principles of ecology
 
Mangrove
Mangrove Mangrove
Mangrove
 

En vedette

Community Ecology
Community EcologyCommunity Ecology
Community Ecology
tcooper66
 
Community Ecology
Community EcologyCommunity Ecology
Community Ecology
coachsteg
 
Reforma Contrarreforma
Reforma ContrarreformaReforma Contrarreforma
Reforma Contrarreforma
gutirozas
 
17 ch54communityecology2008
17 ch54communityecology200817 ch54communityecology2008
17 ch54communityecology2008
sbarkanic
 
Plant community
Plant communityPlant community
Plant community
acrosinus
 
Ecology Population
Ecology PopulationEcology Population
Ecology Population
Leslie Smith
 
การเปลี่ยนแปลงแทนที่
การเปลี่ยนแปลงแทนที่การเปลี่ยนแปลงแทนที่
การเปลี่ยนแปลงแทนที่
Napa Wattanasil
 

En vedette (20)

Community ecology
Community ecologyCommunity ecology
Community ecology
 
Community Ecology
Community EcologyCommunity Ecology
Community Ecology
 
Community Ecology
Community EcologyCommunity Ecology
Community Ecology
 
Community ecology
Community ecologyCommunity ecology
Community ecology
 
Community Ecology
Community EcologyCommunity Ecology
Community Ecology
 
Community ecology...1
Community ecology...1Community ecology...1
Community ecology...1
 
Community Ecology
Community EcologyCommunity Ecology
Community Ecology
 
ENVI 6 community ecology FINAL
ENVI 6  community ecology FINALENVI 6  community ecology FINAL
ENVI 6 community ecology FINAL
 
Community Ecology
Community EcologyCommunity Ecology
Community Ecology
 
What is a COMMUNITY?
What is a COMMUNITY?What is a COMMUNITY?
What is a COMMUNITY?
 
Community Ecology
Community EcologyCommunity Ecology
Community Ecology
 
Mustard insects A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan
Mustard insects  A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad KhanMustard insects  A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan
Mustard insects A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan
 
Reforma Contrarreforma
Reforma ContrarreformaReforma Contrarreforma
Reforma Contrarreforma
 
Ch3 communities, biomes, ecosystems
Ch3 communities, biomes, ecosystemsCh3 communities, biomes, ecosystems
Ch3 communities, biomes, ecosystems
 
Phylogeny
PhylogenyPhylogeny
Phylogeny
 
17 ch54communityecology2008
17 ch54communityecology200817 ch54communityecology2008
17 ch54communityecology2008
 
Plant community
Plant communityPlant community
Plant community
 
Ecology Population
Ecology PopulationEcology Population
Ecology Population
 
การเปลี่ยนแปลงแทนที่
การเปลี่ยนแปลงแทนที่การเปลี่ยนแปลงแทนที่
การเปลี่ยนแปลงแทนที่
 
Fly pollinators 2012
Fly pollinators   2012Fly pollinators   2012
Fly pollinators 2012
 

Similaire à Community Ecology

Ch53 communityecology2010
Ch53 communityecology2010Ch53 communityecology2010
Ch53 communityecology2010
msdbiology
 
Community Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And SucessionCommunity Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And Sucession
Maria Donohue
 
Community Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And SucessionCommunity Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And Sucession
guest1422cc
 
Community Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And SucessionCommunity Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And Sucession
Maria Donohue
 
interactionsoforganisms-180323200310.ppt.pptx
interactionsoforganisms-180323200310.ppt.pptxinteractionsoforganisms-180323200310.ppt.pptx
interactionsoforganisms-180323200310.ppt.pptx
geegrand2023
 
Community Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And SucessionCommunity Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And Sucession
Linda Craun
 
Chapter 55
Chapter 55Chapter 55
Chapter 55
sojhk
 
06 ecol inter
06 ecol inter06 ecol inter
06 ecol inter
dompiazza
 

Similaire à Community Ecology (20)

Ch53 communityecology2010
Ch53 communityecology2010Ch53 communityecology2010
Ch53 communityecology2010
 
Community Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And SucessionCommunity Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And Sucession
 
12 7-11
12 7-1112 7-11
12 7-11
 
Community Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And SucessionCommunity Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And Sucession
 
Community Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And SucessionCommunity Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And Sucession
 
Ecology1
Ecology1Ecology1
Ecology1
 
Chapt04 lecture
Chapt04 lectureChapt04 lecture
Chapt04 lecture
 
Ecosystems
EcosystemsEcosystems
Ecosystems
 
Biological Communities And Interaction
Biological Communities And  InteractionBiological Communities And  Interaction
Biological Communities And Interaction
 
4328041.ppt
4328041.ppt4328041.ppt
4328041.ppt
 
Species Interactions
Species InteractionsSpecies Interactions
Species Interactions
 
interactionsoforganisms-180323200310.ppt.pptx
interactionsoforganisms-180323200310.ppt.pptxinteractionsoforganisms-180323200310.ppt.pptx
interactionsoforganisms-180323200310.ppt.pptx
 
Community Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And SucessionCommunity Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And Sucession
 
Biology Form 4 Chapter 8 :Dynamic Ecosystem Part 2
Biology Form 4 Chapter 8 :Dynamic Ecosystem  Part 2Biology Form 4 Chapter 8 :Dynamic Ecosystem  Part 2
Biology Form 4 Chapter 8 :Dynamic Ecosystem Part 2
 
Species interactions
Species interactionsSpecies interactions
Species interactions
 
Chapter 55
Chapter 55Chapter 55
Chapter 55
 
Community Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And SucessionCommunity Interactions And Sucession
Community Interactions And Sucession
 
4.2 -- BIO
4.2 -- BIO4.2 -- BIO
4.2 -- BIO
 
06 ecol inter
06 ecol inter06 ecol inter
06 ecol inter
 
Biological Diversity
Biological DiversityBiological Diversity
Biological Diversity
 

Plus de Jenny Klemme

Population Ecology
Population EcologyPopulation Ecology
Population Ecology
Jenny Klemme
 
Hardy Weinberg Populations
Hardy Weinberg PopulationsHardy Weinberg Populations
Hardy Weinberg Populations
Jenny Klemme
 
Evolution Of Populations
Evolution Of PopulationsEvolution Of Populations
Evolution Of Populations
Jenny Klemme
 
2. Evolutionary Forces
2. Evolutionary Forces2. Evolutionary Forces
2. Evolutionary Forces
Jenny Klemme
 
1. Natural Selection
1. Natural Selection1. Natural Selection
1. Natural Selection
Jenny Klemme
 

Plus de Jenny Klemme (8)

Animal Behavior
Animal BehaviorAnimal Behavior
Animal Behavior
 
Ecosystems
EcosystemsEcosystems
Ecosystems
 
Population Ecology
Population EcologyPopulation Ecology
Population Ecology
 
Speciation
SpeciationSpeciation
Speciation
 
Hardy Weinberg Populations
Hardy Weinberg PopulationsHardy Weinberg Populations
Hardy Weinberg Populations
 
Evolution Of Populations
Evolution Of PopulationsEvolution Of Populations
Evolution Of Populations
 
2. Evolutionary Forces
2. Evolutionary Forces2. Evolutionary Forces
2. Evolutionary Forces
 
1. Natural Selection
1. Natural Selection1. Natural Selection
1. Natural Selection
 

Dernier

The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 

Dernier (20)

Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
 
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
 
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - EnglishGraduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
Graduate Outcomes Presentation Slides - English
 
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptxTowards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
Towards a code of practice for AI in AT.pptx
 
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptxHMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
HMCS Vancouver Pre-Deployment Brief - May 2024 (Web Version).pptx
 
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the ClassroomFostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
 
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
 
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
 
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
 
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdfUnit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
 
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSHow to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
 
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding  Accommodations and ModificationsUnderstanding  Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 

Community Ecology

  • 1. Community Ecology population ecosystem community biosphere organism
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. commensalism predation competition Symbiosis mutualism … not very funny for a clown fish +/0 +/+ +/- -/-
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. BATESIAN MIMICRY Monarch male poisonous Convergent evolution fly bee moth bee Which is the fly vs. the bee? Which is the moth vs. the bee? Viceroy male edible
  • 14. MULLERIAN MIMICRY yellow jacket cuckoo bee two or more harmful species look like each other Mullerian mimicry
  • 15. WHAT KIND OF MIMICRY? Coral snake is poisonous King snake is not Red on yellow, poison fellow; red on black, safe from attack
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. SUCCESSION OF SPECIES lichens & mosses grasses trees bushes & small trees pioneer species compete well in high sunlight more shade tolerant species shade tolerant species stable community
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. WHEN PEOPLE DON’T LEARN ECOLOGY! Building homes in fire climax zones preventing fires makes next year’s fire much worse !
  • 27. 2007-2008 Don’t blow your top ! Ask Questions !

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Resource partitioning among Dominican Republic lizards. Seven species of Anolis lizards live in close proximity, and all feed on insects and other small arthropods. However, competition for food is reduced because each lizard species has a different perch, thus occupying a distinct niche. Sympatric species often partition available resources, reducing competition between them.
  2. Predation provides a strong selective pressure on prey populations. Ay feature that would decrease the probability of capture should be strongly favored.