1. General Biology – Biochemistry
Carbon Compounds
Section 2.3

2. A Little Review…
Elements,
M M Organic
A atoms Molecules
A compounds
Protons K &
K
Nuetrons E M
E Compounds
electrons A
U K
U
P E
P
U
p
The Basic Unit of Life cells

3. Inorganic vs Organic
•Non-living •Produced by living
•Do not contain things
carbon (exceptions) •All contain carbon
•Needed for life •Important organic
•Plants organize compounds
inorganic compounds –Carbohydrates
into organic –Lipids
•H2O, O2, CO2 –Proteins
•Minerals, nitrates –Nucleic acids

4. What is the big deal about carbon??
Carbon is very versatile
It can form 4 covalent
bonds

5. Where does all of the carbon for
living things come from?
Organic Molecule

6. CARBOHYDRATES

7. Carbohydrates
 Needed for short term energy storage
(cell fuel) and structural support
 Made of C, H, O (1:2:1)
 Building blocks (monomers) are simple
sugars C6H12O6
 Big– Carbos – made by dehydration
synthesis of two simple sugars

9. Dehydration Synthesis
 Inorder for
monomers to
bond, a water is
released in the
bonding process
 In the bonding of
monomers – water
is added and it is
called hydrolysis

10. 3 Types of Carbohydrates
 Monosaccharides – simple sugars
 Disaccharides – double sugars
 Polysaccharides – many sugars

11. Monosaccharides – simple
sugars
 C6H12O6
 Manufactured by
green plants
 Burned in Cellular glucose
Respiration
 3 examples
fructose galactose

12. Glucose, Fructose, and
Galatose
Are ISOMERS - same formula
C6H12O6
Different Molecular arrangment.

13. Disaccharides
 Two simple sugars together.
 C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 = ?
 C12H22O11
 Dehydration synthesis

14. Double Sugars - disaccharides: 2
monosaccharides joined
 Sucrose = fructose + glucose (table sugar)
 Maltose = glucose + glucose (malt sugar)
 Lactose = glucose + galactose (milk sugar)

15. POLYSACCHARIDES (C6H10O5)n
Macromolecules - many simple sugars joined

16. POLYSACCHARIDES
Macromolecules - many simple sugars joined
Cellulose - cell walls in plants (fiber, wood
paper, fruits, vegetables)
*Most abundant organic compound on earth
Starch - stored energy in plants
(potatoes, grains, legumes, corn)
Glycogen - animal starch (liver & muscle tissue)

17. CHITIN
A polymer of glucose
Found in exoskeletons of arthropods
(ex. Crabs, shrimp, lobsters)

18. Starch Grain in Storage Cells