1. The Heart
Pumps blood throughout the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen,
and waste.

2. So here we go……..
The heart is divided into four chambers
that are connected by heart valves. The
upper two heart chambers are called
atria. Atria are separated by an interatrial
septum into the left atrium and the right
atrium. The lower two chambers of the
heart are called ventricles. Atria receive
blood returning to the heart from the
body and ventricles pump blood from the
heart to the body.

3. Atria of the Heart
The atria of the heart receive blood returning to the heart from
other areas of the body
• Right Atrium: Receives blood returning to
the heart from the superior and inferior
venae cavae. The superior vena cava
returns de-oxygenated blood from the
head, neck, arm and chest regions of the
body to the right atrium. The inferior vena
cava returns de-oxygenated blood from the
lower body regions (legs, back, abdomen
and pelvis) to the right atrium.
• Left Atrium: Receives blood returning to
the heart from the pulmonary veins. The
pulmonary veins extend from the left
atrium to the lungs and bring oxygen-rich
blood back to the heart.

4. Ventricles of the Heart
The ventricles of the heart function to pump blood to the entire
body
• Right ventricle: Receives blood from
the right atrium and pumps it to the
main pulmonary artery. The main
pulmonary artery extends from the
right ventricle and branches into left
and right pulmonary arteries, which
extend to the lungs. Here oxygen-
poor blood picks up oxygen and is
returned to the heart via the
pulmonary veins.
• Left ventricle: Receives blood from
the left atrium and pumps it to the
aorta. The aorta carries and distributes
oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the
body.

5. The Heart Wall
The heart is composed of cardiac muscle which enable
the heart to contract and allow the synchronization of
the heart beat. The heart wall is divided into three
layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and
endocardium.
 Epicardium - outer protective layer of the heart.
 Myocardium - muscular middle layer wall of the heart.
 Endocardium - inner layer of the heart that is continuous with the
inner lining of blood vessels.

6. Cardiac Conduction
Cardiac Conduction is the rate at which the heart conducts
electrical impulses. The following structures play an
important role in causing the heart to contract:
Atrioventricular Bundle - bundle of fibers that carry
cardiac impulses.
 Atrioventricular Node - a section of nodal tissue that delays and
relays cardiac impulses.
 Purkinje Fibers - fiber branches that extend from the
atrioventricular bundle.
 Sinoatrial Node - a section of nodal tissue that sets the rate of
contraction for the heart.

7. Cardiac Cycle
The Cardiac Cycle is the
sequence of events that
occurs when the heart
beats. Below are the two
phases of the cardiac
cycle:
 Diastole Phase - the heart
ventricles are relaxed and
the heart fills with blood.
 Systole Phase - the
ventricles contract and
pump blood to the arteries.

8. Valves
Heart valves are flap-like structures that allow blood to flow in one
direction. Below are the four valves of the heart:
• Aortic Valve - prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from
the left ventricle to the aorta.
• Mitral Valve - prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped from
the left atrium to the left ventricle.
• Pulmonary Valve - prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped
from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
• Tricuspid Valve - prevents the back flow of blood as it is pumped
from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

9. Blood Vessels
Blood vessels are intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport blood
throughout the entire body. The following are some of the blood vessels
associated with the heart:
Arteries: Veins:
• Aorta - the largest artery in the body of which • Brachiocephalic Veins - two large veins that join
most major arteries branch off from. to form the superior vena cava.
• Brachiocephalic Artery - carries oxygenated
blood from the aorta to the head, neck and arm • Common iliac Veins - veins that join to form the
regions of the body. inferior vena cava.
• Carotid Arteries - supply oxygenated blood to
the head and neck regions of the body. • Pulmonary Veins - transport oxygenated blood
from the lungs to the heart.
• Common iliac Arteries - carry oxygenated blood
from the abdominal aorta to the legs and feet. • Venae Cavae - transport de-oxygenated blood
• Coronary Arteries - carry oxygenated and from various regions of the body to the heart.
nutrient filled blood to the heart muscle.
• Pulmonary Artery - carries de-oxygenated blood
from the right ventricle to the lungs.
• Subclavian Arteries - supply oxygenated blood
to the arms.

10. About the Heart
Composed of the heart and blood vessels, the cardiovascular
system is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body.
A healthy cardiovascular system is vital to supplying the body
with oxygen and nutrients.

11. Anterior View of heart
The heart is the hardest working muscle in the human body. Located
almost in the center of the chest. During an average lifetime, the human
heart will beat more than three billion times - pumping an amount of
blood that equals about one million barrels. The heart is always working,
24 hours a day, seven days a week - even while we are sleeping.

12. Amazing Facts About Did You Know?
Heart Health
You’re more likely to have a heart attack on Monday morning
than at any other time of the week. Doctors have long known
Every day, your heart beats about
that morning is prime time for heart attacks. I is called witching
100,000 times, sending 2,000 gallons of
blood surging through your body. hour. That's because levels of a stress hormone called cortisol
Although it’s no bigger than your fist, peak early in the day. When this happens, cholesterol plaque
your heart has the mighty job of keeping that has built up in the arteries can rupture and block the flow
blood flowing through the 60,000 miles of blood to the heart. Add in the rise in blood pressure and
of blood vessels that feed your organs increased heart rate from the stress of returning to work after
and tissues. Any damage to the heart or
its valves can reduce that pumping the weekend, and you have the perfect recipe for a Monday
power, forcing the heart to work harder morning heart attack. That’s why it’s important to reduce your
just to keep up with the body’s demand stress levels as much as you can. Practice
for blood. yoga, meditate, exercise, laugh, or spend more quality time
Health experts now have proof that with your family -- whatever works best for you.
laughter is good medicine.
A good belly laugh can send 20% more
blood flowing through your entire body.
One study found that when people
watched a funny movie, their blood flow
increased. That’s why laughter might just
be the perfect antidote to stress.
When you laugh, the lining of your blood
vessel walls relaxes and expands. So have
a good giggle. Your heart will thank you.

13. START WITH YOUR HEART
Learn the facts your heart will thank you!!!
The End……………………