1. 2D ESSENTIALS
Instructor: Laura Gerold, PE
Catalog #10614113
Class # 22784, 24113, 24136, & 24138
Class Start: January 18, 2012
Class End: May 16, 2012

2. Reminders
• Final Project is due TODAY.
• Final Exam is next week on May 16th.

3. QUESTIONS

4. When drawing an object when is the best
time to start dimensioning?
• When you are done . . . i.e. you need to give the plans to
a client, someone you are working with, etc.
• If you need to make significant changes to a hand
drawing, dimensions will be in the way

5. What is Revit?
• Building Information Modeling (BIM) – 3D Modeling
System used by architects and engineers
• Similar to Solid Works

6. When you are scaling a drawing with two
different sized views, what do you scale it at?
• If you have two different views (happens a lot on detail
pages), the scale will be specified in each view.
• In the title block, you would either put NTS (Not to
Scale), or you would put Scale as Specified on Drawing.
• I’ve also seen the scale on the title block left blank on
such pages

7. CHAPTER 8 –
AUXILIARY VIEWS

8. Time to Mix up Groups . . .
• Find a new person to form a group with that sits in a
different row the you
• Look for someone that you have not previously teamed
with before
• Form groups of 2 to 3 people.

9. TRUE SIZE OF AN OBLIQUE
SURFACE
Showing the true size of a surface continues from the method presented for showing
inclined surfaces true size, where the edge view is already given. But to show an oblique
surface true size, you need first to show the oblique surface on edge and then construct a
second auxiliary view to show it true size.

10. TRUE SIZE OF AN OBLIQUE
SURFACE GROUP PROJECT
• Work through one of the objects in example 8.33 to draw
the true size of an oblique surface in an auxiliary view with
your group

11. Steps for drawing Auxiliary Views
1. Determine the direction of viewing.
2. Number the vertices on the inclined plane if needed.
3. Draw projectors along the direction of sight. The projectors will be
perpendicular to the inclined edge.
4. Pick an appropriate folding line or reference plane.
5. Transfer measurements from the adjacent view onto the projectors.
6. Join the projected points to get true shape of inclined plane.
7. Transfer rest of the object onto the Auxiliary view if required to do so,
else close by drawing a break line. Omit hidden lines in Auxiliary views.

12. Auxiliary Views Group Real-World Project
• My husband gave a set of plans to a builder for a unique
roof, but did not give an auxiliary view
• The builder called him to ask how exactly to build it
• Should he have used an auxiliary view?
• If so, what views would you have shown? Do a quick
sketch.
• Picture of Finished Building

13. Auxiliary Views Worksheet
• As a group, work on the Auxiliary Views Worksheet

14. Auxiliary Views Worksheet Answers
1. secondary
2. at right angles or parallel to the projection lines
3. the principal dimension not shown in the view being
projected from
4. dihedral angle
5. to show true size and true shape
6. creating the auxiliary view before creating the basic views.
7. A. True length of line
b. point view of line
c. Edge view of a plan
d. True size of a plane
8. Hidden lines are usually omitted in Auxiliary, unless required
for clarification. Beginning draftspersons usually add hidden
lines.

15. CHAPTER 10 –
DIMENSIONING

16. Finish Marks
• Many metal surfaces must be finished with machine tools
for various reasons.
• The acceptable roughness of a surface depends upon
how part will be used.
• Sometimes only certain surfaces of a part need to be
finished while others are not.

17. Finish Marks
• A modified symbol (check mark) with a number or
numbers above it is used to show these surfaces and to
specify the degree of finish.
• The number in the angle of the check mark, in this case
02, tells the machinist what degree of finish the surface
should have. This number is the root-mean-square value
of the surface roughness height in millionths of an inch. In
other words, it is a measurement of the depth of the
scratches made by the machining or abrading process.
• Source:
http://draftingmanuals.tpub.com/14040/css/14040_54.htm

18. FINISH MARKS
• There are three styles of finish marks as shown on the
figure below

19. DIMENSIONING ARCS
• A circular arc is dimensioned in the view where its true shape
in seen by giving the value for its radius preceded by the
abbreviation R.
• The center is marked with small crosses to clarify the drawing
(except when small, unimportant, or undimensioned arcs)
• When there is enough room, both the radius value and
arrowhead are placed inside the arc
• If not, the arrowhead is left inside, but the value is moved
outside or both are moved out
• False center may be indicated with dimension line jogged to it
(f)

20. DIMENSIONING CURVES
• One way to dimension curves is to give a group of radii (a)
• On (a), a jog is made in the dimension line if the radius is
inaccessible
• On (b), the outline envelope of the curved surface is
dimensioned and the radii are self-locating from “floating
centers”
• Both circular and noncircular curves may be dimensioned
by using coordinate dimensions, or datums (c).
.

21. DIMENSIONING CURVES
• When angular measurements are
unsatisfactory, you may give chordal dimensions
(a)
• Or you can give linear dimensions on curved
surfaces (b)

22. DIMENSIONING CURVES – GROUP
PROJECT
• Sketch a simple curved surface
• Practice using the different methods of dimensioning the
curved surface as discussed on the previous two slides
(and as shown on page 382 & 383 of the text)
• Add Finish Marks to the Drawing
• Which method do you prefer?
• Present

23. TEST REVIEW

24. How Many Questions are on the Test?
• 40
• You have the entire class period to
complete the test

25. How are the questions formatted?
• True and False
• Multiple Choice
• Fill in the Blank
• Essay Questions
• Drawing

26. What can I bring?
• All of your drawing utensils
• A Calculator
• This is NOT an open book exam.
• Other electronic devices can not be used
in place of a calculator

27. What do I need to know how to draw?
• Necessary Orthographic Views
• Orthographic Views of cylindrical surfaces &
holes
• Isometric Sketches
• Hatch pattern for cast iron, steel, copper, zinc,
magnesium, and rubber
• Cutting Plane line with section arrows
• Section Views
• Secondary Auxiliary Views
• Dimensions

28. What Chapters in the Book Will be
Covered?
• Chapter 3 (Isometric Drawings)
• Chapter 5 (Inclined & Oblique)
• Chapter 6
• Chapter 7
• Chapter 8
• Chapter 10

29. What Should I Use to Study?
• Class Notes (Power Points on Blackboard)
• Class Notes you took
• Homework
• Textbook (Especially end of chapter summaries
ex. Page 190)

30. Potential Topics on Test
• Identify oblique lines and planes in sketches
• Identify inclined lines and planes in sketches
• Define Necessary Views
• Revolution conventions
• Cylindrical surface rules
• Intersection and Tangency Conventions
• Hole Representation conventions
• Fillet, round, and runouts

31. Potential Topics on Test
• Differentiate between isometric and non-isometric
lines
• Create isometric sketches of objects consisting
entirely of isometric lines
• Create isometric sketches of objects containing
inclined and oblique planes
• Create isometric sketches of cylindrical objects
• Create isometric sketches of objects consisting of
prism, holes, and cylinders

32. Potential Topics on Test
• Define the purpose of section views
• Identify/Define Full Sections
• Identify/Define Half Sections
• Identify/Define Broken-Out Sections
• Identify/Define Removed Sections
• Identify/Define Revolved Sections
• Identify/Define Aligned Sections
• Identify/Define Offset Sections

33. Potential Topics on Test
• Identify the hatch pattern for:
• Cast iron
• Steel
• Copper
• Zinc
• Magnesium
• Rubber

34. Potential Topics on Test
• Define the purpose of auxiliary views
• Differentiate between primary and secondary auxiliary
views
• Create auxiliary views showing the true size of an
oblique plane
• Define true length of a line
• Define point view of a line
• Define edge view of a plane
• Define true size of a plane

35. Potential Topics on Test
• Identify dimension lines, extension lines, center
lines, leaders, and arrowheads
• Differentiate between size and location dimensions
• Apply standard dimensioning techniques on a drawing
that contains curves, holes, arcs, and/or angles
• Define finish marks

36. Practice Drawing
Draw the Necessary Views
Dimension the Views

38. Practice Drawing
Draw an isometric Sketch using the views below

39. Practice Drawing
Draw a Section view of the Zinc Nut Below using the
appropriate hatch

40. Practice Drawing
• Draw the necessary views
• Show the True length of the highlighted line
• Pick one of the oblique surfaces and draw a primary and then
secondary auxiliary view to show the true size

41. What are you confused about?
• Write down a question that you still have about a
topic that will be covered on the test.
• Share the question and topic with your group
• As a group determine the answer to the question
• Still stumped? Ask a neighboring group
• Classroom stumped? Save the question for the
end and ask me

42. Information Domination
• Which Team Will Dominate? Winning team will each receive 5
extra credit points.
• Pick a team name
• Team members pick a category and answer the next question
in that category
• All question are answered in order starting with 1 then 2, etc.
• If the team answers correctly, they get 2 points
• If they have to use their text to answer, they only get 1 point
• If nobody on the team is able to answer the question
correctly, they can say “pass.” The next team gets a chance to
answer for 1 point.

43. Information Domination
• Orthographic Sketches 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
• Isometric Sketches 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
• Section Views 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
• Auxiliary Views 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
• Dimensions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

44. Laura Contact Information
Laura Gerold, PE
Environmental Engineering Technology
Coordinator/Instructor
Northeast Wisconsin Technical College
P O Box 19042
2740 West Mason Street
Green Bay, WI 54307-9042
Office : ED215F
Office Phone: (920) 498-5437
laura.gerold@nwtc.edu
I’m also on LinkedIn!

45. What’s Next?
• FINAL EXAM

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