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Introduccion psicolinguistica

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  • 6. ?"05+%(@%7"&(A8.3+( ! ! U#*!0&*%,-&*!Q9&!*&!.#-!&-!&*;#*!.,*!^'&#*!1#9*#-!?',L0&>#*!.&!0&-=9#N&!*&=-!0,*! -&9'M0,=,*n!#*)5!&-!&0!^'&#!.&!Z',1#!*&!?',.91&-!.&;&'%,',*!,!;'#*;,'-,*!.&0!2#L0#!O!&-!&0! ^'&#!.&!e&'-%1f&!.&;&'%,',*!&-!0#!1,>?'&-*%M-!.&0!0&-=9#N&!,'#03! ! ! U5*&8@6398=369*H6<*<63>42J6! ! ! <,.&>,*!*&]#0#'!19#;',3! ! G3! !"#$%&'"'()*#+,*+#%&@!.&*.&!9-!?9-;,!.&!$%*;#!*&>%,0M=%1,5!&0!0&-=9#N&!&*@!! #3! 9-!*%*;&>#!.&!&0&>&-;,*!Q9&!'&*90;#-!'&0&$#-;&*!?#'#!9-!,'=#-%*>,n! L3! ?,'Q9&! '&>%;&-! #! ,LN&;,*! ,! #*?&1;,*! .&! 0#! '&#0%.#.! .%*;%-;,*! .&! &00,*! >%*>,*3! 13! 0,*! *%=-,*! 0%-=[)*;%1,*! #.Q9%&'&-! ,! ?,*&&-! 0#! 1#?#1%.#.! .&! >,.%C%1#'! ,! %-C09%'!*,L'&!#*?&1;,*!.&0!1,>?,';#>%&-;,!.&!0,*!,'=#-%*>,*3! El lenguaje presupone la existencia de signos. La existencia de signos, sin embargo, no presupone la existencia de un lenguaje. !"#"$ %&'$ '()*+"$ ',$ ,'-.&"/'$ 0"1$ %&'$ #'2'#)#*'$ "$ 34-/&-+4*$ 5'$ *).-4*$ 6#'34-3'7)54*8$6'#4$5)304*$*).-4*$)-5)9)5&",:'-+'$-4$*4-$,'-.&"/';$ T-!&0!0&-=9#N&!*&!?',.91&-!.,*!C&-M>&-,*!.%*;%-;,*@! ! ! ! *&]#0&* C)*%1#* .& 0,* *%=-,* ! ! ! ! significados a que se refieren los signos ! ! ! 63! !+-,."-%&@!T0!0&-=9#N&!-,!&*!9-#!>&'#!*9>#!.&!*%=-,*3!8>?0%1#!0#!1,>9-%1#1%M-! O!0#!%-;&'#11%M-!*,1%#05!0#!&`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`%*;&-!&*;,*!,;',*!&0&>&-;,*@! #3! U#!C'&19&-;&!#>L%=[&.#.!.&!0,*!&-9-1%#.,*3! L3! U#!&`%*;&-1%#!.&!1,--,;#1%,-&*!Q9&!>,.90#-!&0!*%=-%C%1#.,!0%;&'#03! 13! U#!?,*%L%0%.#.!.&!9*#'!&0!0&-=9#N&!?#'#!&`?'&*#'!#0=,!Q9&!&*!C#0*,3! .3! U#! ?,*%L%0%.#.! .&! 1,-*;'9%'! >&-*#N&*! Q9&! ;'#-*>%;&-! %-C,'>#1%M-! 1,-;'#.%1;,'%#!,!%-1,-='9&-;&!&-!&0!?0#-,!.&!0#!%-C,'>#1%M-!0%-=[)*;%1#3! ! ! H
  •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`%*;&-! >&1#-%*>,*! Q9&! ?&'>%;&-! '&?#'#'0,*3! ! ! ! ! ! ! c
  • 8. ?"05+%(@%7"&(A8.3+( ! #6@2*DF*!3:G=H4??8I3*2*<2*A98?=<83>YZ9:8?2 E5*[4R*69*6<*<63>42J6* * j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bGHV@! ! código emisor mensaje receptor canal contexto ! D5*!3:G=H4??8I3*2*<2*A98?=<83>YZ9:8?2* * D5E5*&6L838?8I3* * U#! ?*%1,0%-=[)*;%1#! &*! 9-#! .%*1%?0%-#! Q9&! ;'#;#! .&! .&*19L'%'! 1M>,! *&! ?',.91&! O! *&! 1,>?'&-.&!&0!0&-=9#N&!?,'!9-!0#.,!O!1M>,!*&!#.Q9%&'&!O!*&!?%&'.&!&0!0&-=9#N&!?,'!,;',3! o9&*;'#5!?,'!;#-;,5!%-;&'S*!?,'!0,*!?',1&*,*!%>?0%1#.,*!&-!&0!9*,!.&0!0&-=9#N&! ! h
  • 9. O.,%83/==52.("(#"(<&5=8#5.1J7&,5="( ! T*5! #.&>^*5! (!K"(!+* K-K$!WK"#+,@!&`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p,O&-;&! 2#! .&! &-;&-.&'! 0,! Q9&! &0! &*1'%;,'p2#L0#-;&! 0&! Q9%&'&! .&1%'! R ! 0&! ;'#-*>%;&V! ! ! W!;'#$S*!.&!,-.#*!#1*;%1#*!R !0&-=9#N&!,'#0V! *E,-!&$#-&*1&-;&*! !(,'>#-!9-!1,-;%-9,! ! F,! 2#O! '#*=,*! L%9-)$,1,*! &-;'&! 1#'#1;&'&*! #1*;%1,*! O! C,-&>#*! R ! ?=2G:8?4<2?8I3V! ! W!;'#$S*!.&!='#C%*>,!R !0&-=9#N&!&*1'%;,V! !T*!?&'>#-&-;&! !U#*!?#0#L'#*!$#-!*&?#'#.#*! !T*!>^*!C^1%0!.%*;%-=9%'!9-%.#.&*!CM-%1#*!#!;'#$S*!.&!0#*!0&;'#*! ! 63! <#'#! Q9&! &`%*;#! 1,>?'&-*%M-! &*! -&1&*#'%,! Q9&! 9-! *,-%.,A! ='#C)#! ! *&! %.&-;%C%Q9&! 1,>,!?&';&-&1%&-;&!#!9-!%.%,>#!^!O5!#.&>^*5!1,-,1&'!&0!*%=-%C%1#.,!.&!3! K3! U#!1,>?'&-*%M-!%>?0%1#!9-#!><=]2<8H2H! ! i-#!,'#1%M-!='#>#;%1#0!&*!0#!>9&*;'#!>^*!10#'#!.&!=0,L#0%.#.!&-!0#!;'#-*>%*%M-!.&!9-!>&-*#N&q3! U#!,'#1%M-!?,*&&!9-!*%=-%C%1#.,!>^*!1,>?0&;,!Q9&!0#!*9>#!.&!*9*!?#';&*3! TN3@! !!!!!!!!!G3!EF@!F#(1",8($#".=8! !!!!!!r!63!Ej@!+&,-(=8C5+.38! !!!!!!r!K3!E<'&?@!!+.(+#(,+B"38( !-,!&*!0,!>%*>,!Q9&! !!!!!!!!!F#(1",8($#".=8(+&,-(=8C5+.38(+.(+#(,+B"38( ! J3! T-;'#-!&-!N9&=,!9-#!*&'%&!.&!'&=0#*!0%-=[)*;%1#*! ! .83:2>@S:8?29@!1,>,!&0!,'.&-!.&!?#0#L'#*!&-@! P.(!+%%8(C",2(/.(1",8(Q(/.(1",8(C",2(/.(!+%%8( ! ! b
  •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stF8/8jW! !F&9',1%&-1%#*! !8-;&0%=&-1%#!#';%C%1%#0! ! E&!&*;^-!1'&#-.,!9-#*!-9&$#*!?&'*?&1;%$#*!;&M'%1,I>&;,.,0M=%1#*! +'&&-1%#!.&!Q9&!0,*!*&'&*!29>#-,*!?,*&&-!*%*;&>#*!.&!?',1&*#>%&-;,!.&!%-C,'>#1%M-! U#!?&'*?&1;%$#!Q9&!0#!?*%1,0%-=[)*;%1#!?'&*&-;#!?#'#!&0!0&-=9#N&@! ! G7
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  • 17. O.,%83/==52.("(#"(<&5=8#5.1J7&,5="( ! T*!9-#!#1;%$%.#.!>&-;#0!'&0#;%$#!#!0,*!?',1&*,*!$&'L#0&*!&-!0#!Q9&!%-C09O&-@!&0!&*;#.,! >&-;#05!0#!'&?'&*&-;#1%M-!O!&0!?',1&*,3! K9:2H=*@63:2<!&*!9-!(W+/s:!+WiEWU!Q9&!&`?0%1#!0#!1,-.91;#!29>#-#@! ! G3!T-;%.#.!&*;^;%1#@!/&-=,!>912#!2#>L'&! ! 63!T-;%.#.!&-!?',1&*,@!T*;,O!?&-*#-.,!.&N#'!.&!;'#L#N#'!?#'#!%'!#!1,>&'! ! +0#*&*!.&!&*;#.,*@!! ! G3!8-;&-1%,-#0&*@! ! 63!F,!%-;&-1%,-#0&*! ! ! W09.&!#!*%;9#1%,-&*!*91&*%$#*!Q9&!#;'#$%&*#!&0!*%*;&>#!0%-=[)*;%1,!&-;'&!.,*!%-*;#-;&*! .&!'&?,*,!?'&$%,!O!?,*;&'%,'!#!0#!#11%M-!$&'L#03! $6AG6963:2?8I3@!/%&-&! 1#'^1;&'! '&?'&*&-;#1%,-#0! R'&?'&*&-;#1%M-! .&! 0,! Q9&! 1,-,1&>,*! #! ;'#$S*! .&! *)>L,0,*Vn! 1,-! &*;'91;9'#@! *%-;#`%*5! ?&',! 1,-! 1,-;&-%.,! ?',?,*%1%,-#0@!*%=-%C%1#.,!R*&>^-;%1#V!.,-.&!&*!&0!,LN&;,!.&!0,*!?',1&*,*!1,=-%;%$,*3! -G=?69=9@!E&19&-1%#*!,!*&'%&*!.&!,?&'#1%,-&*!1,>?9;#1%,-#0&*!R$='3!?',1&.%>%&-;,*! #0=,');>%1,*! Q9&! %>?0%1#-! >&1#-%*>,*! .&! 1M>?9;,5! '&=0#*! ?',1&.%>&-;#0&*! O! '&?'&*&-;#1%,-&*!*%>LM0%1#*V!! ' ' V5D5*(I@=*96*63:863H6*43*6343?82H=* ! estímulo auditivo sistema lingüístico proceso computacional pensamiento (mente) ! ! V5N5*-G=?692H=G69*H6<*<63>42J6* * !#43'*"54#'* 5',$,'-.&"/' 24-4,<.)34 :4#24*)-+=3+)34 *':=-+)34 6#".:=+)34 5)*3&#*)94 ! Gc
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  • 21. O.,%83/==52.("(#"(<&5=8#5.1J7&,5="( ! ! ! .89:6@2*?=>38:87= ! KaA6G863?5*,83>5 <83>YZ9:8?=! KaAG695*,83>5! ! ! ! E5D5*K<*8332:89@=*?;=@9d823=* ! U#! /Ts:wW! _TU! 8FFW/8Eos! &-! +2,>*fO! 2#1&! '&C&'&-1%#! #! 1M>,! 0,*! %-.%$%.9,*! #.Q9%&'&-! *9! *%*;&>#! 1,=-%;%$,! 0%-=[)*;%1,3! E&! L#*#! &-! &0! :WÑsFWo8TF/s! +W:/TE8WFs! Q9&!?#';&!.&!0#!%.&#!.&!Q9&!&-!0#!>&-;&!29>#-#!O#!&`%*;&!#0=,!19#-.,!-#1&!Q9&!*&'^!&0! =&'>&-!.&0!0&-=9#N&3!! /#0! &0&>&-;,! %--#;,! &*! 0#! ti! Q9&! .#'^! 09=#'! #! 0#! U&-=9#q85! 9-#! ='#>^;%1#! >&-;#0! Q9&!?&'>%;&5!&-;'&!,;'#*!1,*#*@! ! ! U#!C,'>#1%M-!.&!,'#1%,-&*3! ! U#!1,0,1#1%M-!.&!&0&>&-;,*!&-!*9!09=#'!1,''&1;,3! ! <,'!;#-;,5!&0!?'%>&'!?',L0&>#!*&!'&C%&'&!#!0#!#.Q9%*%1%M-!.&0!0&-=9#N&!R !?',L0&>#!O#! ?0#-;&#.,!?,'!<0#;M-V3! ! U,*!-%],*!#.Q9%&'&-!9-#!0&-=9#q8!RÇ!9-!*%*;&>#!1,=-%;%$,!0%-=[)*;%1,V!'%Q9)*%>#!O! C0&`%L0&!#!?#';%'!.&!9-#!&`?&'%&-1%#!0%-=[)*;%1#!%>?&'C&1;#3!Ö+M>,!&*!?,*%L0&Ü!/#0! &`?&'%&-1%#5! #.&>^*5! ?9&.&! *&'! %-109*,! 0%>%;#.#! O! 2#*;#! %-&`%*;&-;&3! U#! &`?0%1#1%M-!?#'#!+2,>*fO!&*;^!&-!Q9&!?,*&&-!%--#;#>&-;&!0#!t'#>^;%1#!i-%$&'*#0! RtiV! ! ! ! ! ! t'#>^;%1#!i-%$&'*#0! U&-=9#q8! ! ! ! ! T`?&'%&-1%#! ! U%-=[)*;%1#! ! ! T*;&!19#.',!&*!?,*%L0&!='#1%#*!#!0#!1#?#1%.#.!=&-S;%1#!.&!0,*!*&'&*!29>#-,*5!?9&*;,! Q9&5!*&=-!+2,>*fO5!&`%*;&!9-!1M.%=,!=&-S;%1,!.&!0#!&*?&1%&!'&*?&1;,!#0!0&-=9#N&3! <,'!;#-;,5!0#!0%-=[)*;%1#!.&L&!,19?#'*&!.&!0#!='#>^;%1#!1,>,!&0&>&-;,*!.&*1'%?;%$,*!O! &`?0%1#;%$,*!&-!&0!&*;9.%,!.&0!0&-=9#N&!R !&-!*9!.&*#'',00,!O!*9!=&-&'#1%M-V3! * * E5N5*,2*2H6?42?8I3*H69?G8A:872*T*6aA<8?2:872! * ! U#! #.&19#1%M-! .&*1'%?;%$#! O! 0#! #.&19#1%M-! &`?0%1#;%$#! .&! 0#! ='#>^;%1#! 2#1&-! ! 6G
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  • 24. ?"05+%(@%7"&(A8.3+( ! .&-;',!.&!1#;&=,')#*!1,-1'&;#*3! G73!=8C+!-.(R"!j!r!EFVn(=8C+%(#"(C8%"#! ' ;#"0.(:%:()' :(' :()0&%<%$.(-*"5! '&C&'%.,! #! 0#*! C9-1%,-&*! *%-;^1;%1#*! Q9&! ! -,! 1,%-1%.&-!1,-!0#*!*&>^-;%1#*!R$%.3!09&=,V3! ! ! N5*,2*:6=GZ2*69:S3H2G! ! N5E5*O43H2@63:=9! ! ! E&! ;'#;#5! 1,>,! O#! C9&! *&]#0#.,5! .&0! ?'%>&'! >,.&0,! 0%-=[)*;%1,! ?'&*&-;#.,! ?,'! +2,>*fO!&-!Gbgc5!#!;'#$S*!.&!*9!0%L',!K).,"=,5=(K,%/=,/%+3!U#!1,-1&?1%M-!.&0!0&-=9#N&! Q9&!F,#>!+2,>*fO!;%&-&!*&!'&?'&*&-;#!1,>,!*%=9&@! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! :&=0#*!.&!L#*&! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! T*;'91;9'#I<! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8-;&'?3!*&>^-;%1#! ! ! +,>?,-&-;&!*%-;^1;%1,! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! :&=0#*!.&!;'#-*C,'>#1%M-! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! T*;'91;9'#IE! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8-;&'?'&;3!CM-%1#!! ! ! ! /,.#!0#!*%-;#`%*5!Q9&!&-!#Q9&0!>,>&-;,!*&!1,-1%L%M!1,>,!&0!-10&,!.&0!0&-=9#N&!qO! Q9&!&-!L9&-#!>&.%.#!;,.#$)#!0,!&*q5!*&!'&.91)#!#!9-#!*&'%&!.&!'&=0#*!;'#-*C,'>#1%,-#0&*5! 19O,! ! %-%1%,! ?#'#! 0#! >#O,')#! .&! 0#*! 0&-=9#*! &'#! #*)3! T*;,*! ?'%-1%?%,*5! ?0&-#>&-;&! *9?&'#.,*!?,'!+2,>*fO!O!0,*!*9O,*5!2#-!*%.,5!*%-!&>L#'=,5!%-1,'?,'#.,*!&-!>#O,'!,! >&-,'!>&.%.#!?,'!0#!='#>^;%1#!;'#.%1%,-#03!! ! ! N5D5*,29*G6><29*H6*]296! ! ! U#!1,-1&?1%M-!?'%>%;%$#!&*!Q9&!0#!0&-=9#!&'#!9-#!>&'#!1,-N9-1%M-!.&!&*;'91;'#*!Q9&! *&! .#L#-! &-! &0! 0S`%1,3! T*;#*! '&=0#*! &'#-! ?',?%#*! .&! 1#.#! %.%,>#! O! ?&'>%;)#-! 1,-*;'9%'! ,'#1%,-&*3! E&! *9?,-&! Q9&! ;,.,! 2#L0#-;&! 0#*! ?,*&&! &-! *9! >&-;&! O! ;#-! *M0,! 0#*! ?,-&! &-! ?'^1;%1#3! ! U#*!.&!'&&*1'%;9'#!>^*!&0&>&-;#0&*5!00#>#.#*!'&=0#*!.&!L#*&!,!L^*%1#*5!*,-@! ! GV!!s!"!EF!W9`!Ej! 6V!!Ej!"!j!EF! KV!!j! JV!!W9`! gV!!EF!"!_!F! HV!!_! cV!!F! ! 6J
  • 25. O.,%83/==52.("(#"(<&5=8#5.1J7&,5="( ! ! ! /,.,! &0! ^'L,0! 2#! .&! #1#L#'! &-! ?%&P#*! 0S`%1#*3! U#! #?0%1#1%M-! .&! 0,! #-;&'%,'! #! 9-#! ,'#1%M-!-,*!.#@! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!s! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! EF!! !!!!!W9`! ! !Ej! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! _! ! ! F! ! ! ! j! ! ! ! EF! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !_! ! ! !F! ! !!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! F#(((((((((((.5M8(((((( (U7"(((((=8CU(((((+#((((((((( (!".! ! ! N5N5*$6><29*:G239L=G@2?8=32<69! ! ! i-#!$&P!?'&*&-;#.#*!0#*!'&=0#*!L^*%1#*5!&-!0#!*%-;#`%*!*9&0&-!.#'*&!,;'#!*&'%&!.&!'&=0#*! >^*!1,>?0&N#*3!U#!>^*!1,-,1%.#!C9&!0#!;'#-*C,'>#1%M-!.&!0#!#1;%$#!&-!?#*%$#!R2,O!&-! .)#!&*;,!&*;^!*9?&'#.,V3! ! ! P5*,2*:6=GZ2*H6*AG83?8A8=9*T*A2GS@6:G=9! ! ! T-!0,*!#],*!h7!*&!.#!9-#!#9;S-;%1#!'&$,091%M-!.&-;',!.&!0#!0%-=[)*;%1#!=&-&'#;%$%*;#3!U#*! 1');%1#*!#0!>,.&0,!&*;^-.#'5!Q9&!O#!2#L)#!*%.,!'&$%*#.,!&-!GbHg5!.#-!09=#'!#!0#!;&,')#!.&! ?'%-1%?%,*!O!?#'^>&;',*!R/<<V3! ! U#!//<!;'#;#!.&!#?,';#'!9-#!>#O,'!*%>?0%1%.#.!'&*?&1;,!#!0#!;&,')#!&*;^-.#'3!E&!1#>L%#! 1,>?0&;#>&-;&!&0!C,'>#;,!&-!Q9&!*&!&*?&1%C%1#!&0!1,-,1%>%&-;,!0%-=[)*;%1,3!+,>,!-9&$,*! ?'%-1%?%,*5!?,.&>,*!*&]#0#'@! -,!&`%*;&-!'&=0#*!-%!1,-*;'911%,-&*! *9!1,-;&-%.,!R&0!.&!0#!*%-;#`%*V!*&!.&'%$#!.&!0#!%-;&'#11%M-!.&!0#*!?',?%&.#.&*!.&! 0#*!9-%.#.&*!0S`%1#*!1,-!?'%-1%?%,*!=&-&'#0&*!?#'#>&;'%P#.,*3! ! ! _&!&*;&!>,.,5!&0!-9&$,!>,.&0,!?',?9&*;,5!1,>?#'#.,!1,-!&0!.&!0#!;&,')#!&*;^-.#'5!?#'#! '&?'&*&-;#'!0#!'&#0%.#.!.&0!0&-=9#N&5!'&*90;#!L#*;#-;&!.%C&'&-;&!O!-,$&.,*,@! ! 6g
  • 26. ?"05+%(@%7"&(A8.3+( ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! U&`%1M-! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! *#;%*C#1&'! ! ! ! ! ! ! T*;'91;9'#I<! ! ! +,>?3!+,>?9;3! ! ! ! ! ! >9S$#*&I! ! ! !!! U&-=9#I8! ! ! ! ! ! ! T*;'91;9'#IE! ! ! ! ! (,'>#!CM-%1#! ! ! (,'>#!UM=%1#! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !!E%*;3!#1;3! ! ! ! E%*;3!#';%190#;3!! ! E%*;3!%-;&-1%,-#0! ! ! Q5*#6=GZ2*W838@89:2! ! Q5E5*K<*@2G?=*>636G2<! ! ! U#!;&,')#!>%-%>%*;#!*&!C,'N#!&-!0#!?'%>&'#!>%;#.!.&!0,*!b75!1,>,!1,-*&19&-1%#!.&!0#*! -9&$#*!1');%1#*!*9'=%.#*!#!0#*!;&,')#*!12,>*f%#-#*!.&*#'',00#.#*!#!0,!0#'=,!.&!0,*!#],*!h73! E&! .%,! 0#! 1%'19-*;#-1%#5! #.&>^*5! .&! Q9&! L#*;#-;&*! 0%-=[%*;#*! #L#-.,-#',-! &0! >#'1,! =&-&'#;%$%*;#!O!L9*1#',-!-9&$,*!.&'',;&',*5!#9-Q9&!&-!=&-&'#0!1,-!?,1,!S`%;,3! ! T0!?',='#>#!>%-%>%*;#!R<oV!?'&;&-.&!*%>?0%C%1#'!>^*!#-!&0!>#'1,!;&M'%1,!&-!Q9&!*&! &->#'1#L#! 0#! /<3! E9! 1,-;&-%.,! *&! .&'%$#! .&! 0#! %-;&'#11%M-! .&! 0#*! ?',?%&.#.&*! .&! 0#*! 9-%.#.&*!0S`%1#*!1,-!?'%-1%?%,*!=&-&'#0&*!?#'#>&;'%P#L0&*!Q9&!*&!.#L#-!&-!0#!/<<3!! ! T0! <o5! *,L'&! &*;#! L#*&5! 1,>%&-P#! ?'&=9-;^-.,*&! 2#*;#! Q9S! ?9-;,! &*! ?&'C&1;,! &0! 0&-=9#N&5! 2#*;#! Q9S! ?9-;,! &*;^! L%&-! .%*&]#.,3! <#'#! Q9&! &`%*;%&*&! 0#! !+%6+==52.! .&L&')#-! .#'*&!0,*!*%=9%&-;&*!1,-.%1%,-#-;&*@! ! ! RGV' ,"-:.,."-()' 8(-(#%&()' (' .-*(#-%)! .&! -#;9'#0%.#.! 1,-1&?;9#0! R$='3! 0#! *%>?0%1%.#.!O!0#!-,!'&.9-.#-1%#V3! ! ! R6V' ,"-:.,."-()'()0(,=4.,%)'>'(?*(#-%)!%>?9&*;#*!?,'!0,*!*%*;&>#*!.&!#1;9#1%M-! 1,-! 0,*! Q9&! %-&$%;#L0&>&-;&! %-;&'#1;#! 0#! 0&-=9#I8! R*,-! 0#*! 00#>#.#*! =8.35=58.+&(3+(#+15$5#53"3V3! ! ! <,'! ;#-;,5! 0#! -9&$#! ?'&=9-;#! &*@! Ö2#*;#! Q9S! ?9-;,! *&! ?9&.&! .%*&]#'! 9-! >,.&0,! .&! 0&-=9#I8!9*#-.,!9-!>)-%>,!#?#'#;#N&!;&M'%1,!O!.&*1'%?;%$,Ü! ! W-;&! &*;&! %-;&'',=#-;&5! &0! &-C,Q9&! Q9&! *&! ?0#-;&#! &*! -%*+#%&.)*%5! 1,>,! 0,! C9&'#! O#! #-;&'%,'>&-;&5! #9-Q9&! >^*! ?',C9-.#>&-;&3! T0! 0&-=9#N&! *&! &*;9.%#! 1,>,! *%! C9&*&! 9-#! 1%&-1%#! >^*5! ?&',! 1,-! ?#9;#*! .&! *%>?0%1%.#.3! T0! >,.&0,! .&! 0&-=9#N&! $9&0$&! #! *9C'%'! 9-! 1#>L%,!Q9&!.&*?9S*!.&*#'',00#'&>,*!>912,!>^*!.&;#00#.#>&-;&3!T0!?9-;,!.&!?#';%.#!&*!&0! ! 6H
  • 27. O.,%83/==52.("(#"(<&5=8#5.1J7&,5="( ! 0S`%1,5!O!*&!.#-!;'&*!&*;#.%,*!L^*%1,*@!&0!0&`%1M-5!0#!*%-;#`%*!O!.,*!-%$&0&*!%-;&'?'&;#;%$,*3! U,*!.,*!-%$&0&*!%-;&'?'&;#;%$,*!#.Q9%&'&-!9-#!>#O,'!'&0&$#-1%#5!>%&-;'#*!Q9&!*&!1,-*%.&'#! Q9&!.&*#?#'&1&-!0#!TI<!O!0#!TIE5!#9-Q9&!&*;#!&*!9-#!19&*;%M-!.&!%-;&'?'&;#1%M-!R.&!2&12,5! -,!&*!Q9&!.&*#?#'&P1#-5!&*!Q9&!-,!Q9&.#-!1,>,!.,*!'&#0%.#.&*!*&?#'#.#*V3! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!U&`%1M-! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! F9>&'#1%M-! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ++!! ! ! ! ! U&-=9#I8! ! ! ! ! ! >#;&'%#0%P#1%M-! ! ! ! ! ! ! ((!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (U! ! ! ! ! ! *%*;&>#!#';%190#;,'%,!?&'1&?;9#0! *%*;&>#!%-;&-1%,-#0!1,-1&?;9#0! *%*;&>#*!.&!#1;9#1%M-! ! ! ! Q5D5*,=9*6<6@63:=9*`46*?=@A=363*6<*989:6@2*<83>YZ9:8?=! ! ! E&=-! 0,! $%*;,! &-! &0! 19#.',! #-;&'%,'5! 1,-$%&-&! &`?0%1#'! Q9S! *,-! 1#.#! 9-,! .&! 0,*! &0&>&-;,*!#-;&*!&`?9&*;,*3! ! ' @(?.,3-! ! E&! ;'#;#! .&! ;,.#*! 0#*! ?%&P#*! 0S`%1#*! &-! 1,-N9-;,! Q9&! ?,*&&! 1#.#! 2#L0#-;&! .&! 9-#! 0&-=9#n!&*!1,>,!9-!.%11%,-#'%,!>&-;#0!Q9&!*&!$#!2#1%&-.,!#!0,!0#'=,!.&!0#!$%.#!.&0! %-.%$%.9,5!Q9&!?9&.&!#>?0%#'*&!.9'#-;&!;,.#!0#!$%.#3!+#.#!?%&P#!0S`%1#!?,*&&!9-#! *&'%&!.&!1#'#1;&')*;%1#*!R0,!$&'&>,*!>^*!#.&0#-;&!1,-!>^*!#;&-1%M-5!#9-Q9&!#2,'#! ?'&*&-;#>,*!#0=9-#*!.&!&00#*V@! ! ! ! á="B"Ç!! Xlf#`#Y5!! ! ! ! ! XrFY5!XI#-%>#.,Y5!Xr1,-;#L0&Y! ! ! U,*!&0&>&-;,*!Q9&!1#'#1;&'%P#-!#!0#!?%&P#!0S`%1#!á="B"Ç!*,-!9-#!1,>L%-#1%M-!.&!0#! '&0#1%M-!&-;'&!*,-%.,!O!*%=-%C%1#.,3! ! ' A+$(#%,.3-! ! 6c
  • 28. ?"05+%(@%7"&(A8.3+( ! ! T*!&0!&*?#1%,!.&!;'#L#N,!.&0!1,>?,-&-;&!1,>?9;#1%,-#03!E,0,!&*1,=&>,*!9-#!?#';&! .&0!;,.,!&0!0S`%1,!?#'#!1,>9-%1#'-,*3! ! ' /"$0"-(-*(',"$0+*%,."-%&! ! (,'>#! &`?'&*%,-&*! 0%-=[)*;%1#*! I.&*1'%?1%,-&*! &*;'91;9'#0&*I! 1,>L%-#-.,! 0#*! 9-%.#.&*!0S`%1#*!.&!-9>&'#1%M-!?,'!>&.%,!.&!,?&'#1%,-&*!%''&.91;%L0&*5!&*!.&1%'5! '&=0#*!*%-;^1;%1#*!1,>,@! ! ! ! !U#!C,'>#1%M-!.&!,'#1%,-&*!R&-*#>L0&V! ! ! !U#!?',?%&.#.!.&0!.&*?0#P#>%&-;,!R>,$%>%&-;,!A!#;'#11%M-V! ! B%*(#.%&.<%,.3-! ! s?&'#1%M-!Q9&!&-!#0=-!>,>&-;,!*&?#'#!0,*!'#*=,*!CM-%1,*!.&!0#*!9-%.#.&*!0S`%1#*! Q9&!1,-*;%;9O&-!0#!&`?'&*%M-!0%-=[)*;%1#!C,'>#.#!?,'!&0!1,>?,-&-;&!1,>?9;#1%,-#0! R++V3! ! !"#$%'43-.,%'C!!D! ! T*! 0#! %-;&'?'&;#1%M-! C,-S;%1#! .&! 0#*! &`?'&*%,-&*! 0%-=[)*;%1#*3! E&! ;'#;#! ?,'! ;#-;,! .&! #Q9&00,!Q9&!&0!,O&-;&!&*1912#5!?&'1%L&5!19#-.,!1#?;#!9-!>&-*#N&5!#9-Q9&!&*;#!?#';&! #1*;%1#! ;%&-&! #0! >&-,*! .,*! &0&>&-;,*! C9-.#>&-;#0&*@! 0#! C,-S;%1#! &*;'%1;#! O! 0,*! 1,-;,'-,*!#1&-;9#0&*3! ! !"#$%'&38.,%'C!@D! ! T*! 0#! %-;&'?'&;#1%M-! *&>^-;%1#! .&! 0#*! &`?'&*%,-&*! 0%-=[)*;%1#*3! WQ9)! 2#L'^! Q9&! ;&-&'! &-! 19&-;#! 0#*! &*;'91;9'#*! .&! ?'&.%1#.,I#'=9>&-;,! ,! 0#*! .&! ,?&'#.,'I $#'%#L0&3! !! ! 6h
  • 29. O.,%83/==52.("(#"(<&5=8#5.1J7&,5="( ! #6@2*PF*,2*>G2@S:8?2*43876G92<! ! E5*(=3?6A:=! ! ! E&!?#';&!.&!0#!%.&#!O#!&`?9&*;#!&-!&0!;&>#!#-;&'%,'!.&!Q9&!;,.,*!0,*!%.%,>#*!29>#-,*! ;%&-&-! 9-#! *&'%&! .&! &0&>&-;,*! 1,>9-&*! O! Q9&5! ?,'! ;#-;,5! 0,*! -%],*! -#1&-! 1,-! 9-#! 1#?#1%.#.!%--#;#!.&0!0&-=9#N&!Q9&!?,*&&!=&-S;%1#>&-;&!.%12#*!&*;'91;9'#*!#L*;'#1;#*3! ! _&!&*;&!>,.,5!+2,>*fO!;&,'%P#!1,-!0,*!*%=9%&-;&*!?9-;,*@! ! G3! ;,.,*!0,*!-%],*!#0!-#1&'!?,*&&-!0,*!&0&>&-;,*!.&!0#!='#>^;%1#!9-%$&'*#0n! 63! ?,'! ;#-;,5! &0! 0&-=9#N&! .&! 0,*! -%],*! *&! 1#'#1;&'%P#! C,'P,*#>&-;&! ?,'! ?,*&&'! 0#*! ?',?%&.#.&*!L^*%1#*!.&0!0&-=9#N&!R&*!.&1%'5!0,*!9-%$&'*#0&*V3! K3! 0#!='#>^;%1#!%-C#-;%0!.&L&5!?,'!0,!;#-;,5!#N9*;#'*&!#!$#'%#*!1,-.%1%,-&*5!&-;'&!0#*! 19#0&*!2#O!Q9&!1%;#'! #3! &0!9*,!.&!&*;'91;9'#*!#L*;'#1;#*! L3! 0#!'&11%M-!?,'!'&=0#*! 13! 1'&#1%M-!O!-,!%>%;#1%M-! * * E5E5*'9=*H6*69:G4?:4G29*2]9:G2?:29! ! ! Ä#!.&*.&!&0!%-%1%,5!&0!-%],!?&'1%L&!&-!0#*!,'#1%,-&*!Q9&!&*1912#!Q9&!L#N,!*9!C,'>#! #1*;%1#! &`%*;&! 9-#! C,'>#! &*;'91;9'#0! >9O! #L*;'#1;#3! _&! &*;&! >,.,5! L#N,! 9-! >%*>,! &-9-1%#.,! *&! ?9&.&-! &*1,-.&'! .,*! &*;'91;9'#*! .%C&'&-;&*! R1#*,! .&! %$2.8E(:%:' ).-*6,*.,%V5!1,>,!&-!&0!*%=9%&-;&!&N&>?0,@! ! V/".(!+12("#(=G5=8(=8.(#"(18%%"! ! <,'!;#-;,5!*&!?,.')#!%-;&'?'&;#'@! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E(! ! ! ! ! ! EF!! ! ! (â! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (%! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ej! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! jâ! ! ! ! ! E<! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! R2%V!! ! ! E<! ! ! ((((((((((((((((((((V/".(((((!+12((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((("#(=G5=8((((=8.(#"(18%%"( ! ! 6b
  • 30. ?"05+%(@%7"&(A8.3+( ! ,!L%&-!1,>,@! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! E(! ! ! ! ! ! EF!! ! ! (â! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (%! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ej! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! jâ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! R2%V!! ! ! E<! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <! !!!!!!E_! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!_! ! EF! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! F! ! ! E<! ! ( ((((((((((((((((((((V/".(((((!+12((((((((((((((((((((((((((("(((((((+#(((((=G5=8(((((=8.(#"(18%%"( ! ! U#!?'%>&'#!,'#1%M-!*&!2#!.&!&-;&-.&'@! ! ! ! XV/".!X!+12!X"#(=G5=8Y!X=8.(#"(18%%"YYY! ! O!0#!*&=9-.#@! ! XV/".!X!+12!X"#(=G5=8!X=8.(#"(18%%"YYYY! ! ! i-!1#*,!.&!#>L%=[&.#.!*&>^-;%1#!*&')#@! ! L"(3+&=%5!=52.(3+(#8&("#/C.8&! ! .#.,!Q9&!?,.')#!*&'!;#-;,!Q9&!0,*!#09>-,*!.&*1'%L#-!R#09>-,*!1,>,!%8(-*()V!1,>,!Q9&! 0,*!#09>-,*!*&#-!.&*1'%;,*!R#09>-,*!1,>,!0%,.(-*()V3! ! ! E5D5*$6??8I3*A=G*G6><29! ! ! U#! ?'&*&-1%#! .&! &'','&*! &-! &0! 2#L0#! %-C#-;%0! &-! 19#-;,! #0! 9*,! .&! 1%&';,*! ;%&>?,*! $&'L#0&*! *&! .&L&! #! Q9&! *9! 0&-=9#N&! *&! '%=&! ?,'! 0#! &38.,%' 8#%$%*.,%&3! _&! &*;&! >,.,! *&! &`?0%1#-! &N&>?0,*! 1,>,! 0,*! *%=9%&-;&*! ?',?%,*! .&0! 0&-=9#N&! %-C#-;%0! R,! .&0! 0&-=9#N&! 9;%0%P#.,!?,'!&`;'#-N&',*!&-!0,*!-%$&0&*!%-%1%#0&*V@! ! ! K7
  • 31. O.,%83/==52.("(#"(<&5=8#5.1J7&,5="( ! &*?3@!à!")+%(!8.7(/.(#-!5H(+.(#"(C+&"! %-=3@!à!G+(=".&(,8(W8%S! %-=3@!à!,G+)(&!+"S+3(9/5=S#)! ! T*!%>?,';#-;&!1,>?',L#'!Q9&!0#!0M=%1#!='#>#;%1#0!-,!*,0,!0#!9;%0%P#!&0!-%],!19#-.,! #.Q9%&'&!&0!0&-=9#N&!*%-,!;#>L%S-!&0!#.90;,!19#-.,!#?'&-.&!9-#!0&-=9#!&`;'#-N&'#3! ! ! E5N5*(G62?8I3*T*3=*8@8:2?8I3* ! U#! 0M=%1#! ='#>#;%1#0! *,-! #?0%1#.#*! ?,'! &0! -%],! ?#'#! 1'&#'! C,'>#*! -9&$#*3! W*)5! 9-#! -%]#!?&Q9&]#5!9;%0%P#-.,!0#!0M=%1#!='#>#;%1#03!i-!&N&>?0,!*&')#!Q9&!*&=-!&0!*9C%N,!q&')#! .&! #5$%+%7"E( !"&,+#+%7"E( !"."3+%7"E( &;13! 1,-! Q9&! 9-! -%],! ?,.')#! 1'&#'! )81/%+%7"! ?#'#! '&C&'%'*&!#0!09=#'!.,-.&!*&!$&-.&-!O,=9'&*3!! T*! 9-! ?9-;,! C^1%0>&-;&! 1,-C9-.%L0&! 1,-! &0! #-;&'%,'5! ?&',! #Q9)! *&! 9;%0%P#! 9-! >&1#-%*>,!&`%*;&-;&!&-!&0!%.%,>#!?#'#!1'&#'!9-!;S'>%-,!-9&$,3! ! ! E5P5*(=3?<498I3! ! ! U#! ='#>^;%1#! %-C#-;%05! 0,! >%*>,! Q9&! 0#! .&0! #.90;,5! &*! 1'&#;%$#! &-! &0! *&-;%.,! 12,>*f%#-,! .&! Q9&! 0#! &`?'&*%,-&*! 0%-=[)*;%1#*! -,! &*;^-! 1,-;',0#.,*! ?,'! &$&-;,*! &`;&'-,*3! W*)5! *%! 9-! -%],! ;%&-&! .&0#-;&! .&! *)! 9-! ;',P,! .&! 12,1,0#;&5! .&?&-.%&-.,! .&0! 1,-;&`;,5!?,.')#!.&1%'!1,*#*!.%C&'&-;&*@! ! 9/5+%8(=G8=8#",+! =2C8(C+(1/&,"(+#(=G8=8#",+! ;.8(C+(3"%7"&(/.(!8=8(3+(=G8=8#",+>! ! T-!C%-5!0#!-#;9'#0&P#!&*;'91;9'#.#5!'&=90#.#!O!1'&#;%$#!.&0!0&-=9#N&!%-C#-;%0!.&L&!*&'! C'9;,!.&!0#*!?'%-1%?%,*!.&!0#!ti!Q9&!?,*&&!&0!-%],3! ! ! D5*'3876G92<69*H6<*<63>42J6* * D5E5*,=9*43876G92<69! ! ! U#! ti! *&! 1,>?,-&! .&! 9-#! *&'%&! .&! &0&>&-;,*! Q9&! &-! ?'%-1%?%,! *,-! 1,>9-&*! #0! 0&-=9#N&!,'#0!29>#-,5!&*!.&1%'5!#!;,.,*!0,*!%.%,>#*3! ! /#0&*! &0&>&-;,*! *,-! 1,-,1%.,*! 1,>,! 0,*! 9-%$&'*#0&*! O! *&! 1,''&*?,-.&-! 1,-! 0#*! &*;'91;9'#*!>&-;#0&*!.&!0,*!*&'&*!29>#-,*3! ! T-!19#0Q9%&'!0&-=9#!29>#-#!&`%*;&-!;'&*!-%$&0&*!L^*%1,*!Q9&!%-;&'#1;#-@!! ! G3! CM-%1#*! 63! >,'C,*%-;^1;%1#*! K3! *&>^-;%1#*! ! KG
  • 32. ?"05+%(@%7"&(A8.3+( ! * D5D5*,2*438H2H*]S98?2! ! ! U#!9-%.#.!L^*%1#!1,-!Q9&!*&!?9&.&!?',1&.&'!#0!&*;9.%,!.&!0#!ti!&*!&0!$"-($%3!Ä#! .&*.&!E#9**9'&!2#O!9-#!'&C&'&-1%#!#!0#*!.,*!#';%190#1%,-&*5!?&',!&-!09=#'!.&0!1,-1&?;,! ?#0#L'#5! Q9&! &*! L#*;#-;&! #>L%=9,5! 1,-$%&-&! 9;%0%P#'! &0! 1,-1&?;,! .&! >,-&>#! &-! &0! *&-;%.,! Q9&! 0,! #19]#! o#';%-&;3! T0! >,-&>#! ?9&.&! *&'! *%>?0&5! 1,>,! &-! 12%-,5! ,! >9O! 1,>?0&N,5! 1,>,! &-! 0#*! 0&-=9#*! C0&`%$#*! R;%?,! &*?#],0V! ,! C0&`%$#! R;%?,! ^'#L&V3! T-! 19#0Q9%&'! 1#*,5! 2#O! 0&-=9#*! Q9&! 1,>?0&>&-;#-! #0! >,-&>#! 1,-! >,'C&>#*! 0%L'&*! R.&;&'>%-#-;&*5! ?'&?,*%1%,-&*V! C,'>#-.,! ).-*%8$%)5! >%&-;'#*! Q9&! ,;'#*! ?'^1;%1#>&-;&! -,! ;%&-&-! *%-;#=>#*3! sL*S'$&*&! 1,>,! &0! &*?#],0! &*! ?',?&-*,! #! 0#*! 1,-*;'911%,-&*! *%-;#=>^;%1#*5!>%&-;#*!Q9&!&0!&9*f&'#!#=09;%-#!&-!?#0#L'#*5!?&',!&-!&0!C,-.,!>#-;%&-&-! 9-#!&*;'91;9'#!*&>&N#-;&! ! &9*3@!F%%8C"S8(K5H5#5"%8(B8".! &*?3@!08)(3+(R8C"("(K5=5#5"! ! sL*S'$&*&!0,!*%=9%&-;&@! ! E<! ! ! <!!!!!!!!!!!!EF! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!F! ! 3+((((((((((R8C"( ! ! >,-! ! ! 0&`!!!!!!!!!>,'C! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! F%%8C"((((((US8(( ! ! a#O! 0&-=9#*! &-! Q9&! &0! $#0,'! >,'C,0M=%1,! .&0! >,-&>#! $%&-&! .#.,! ?,'! &0! 1,-;&`;,5! 1,>,!,19''&!1,-!&0!12%-,!R&-!>912#*!0&-=9#*!-,!&`%*;&!0#!>,'C,0,=)#!1,>,!&*;9.%,!.&! 0#! .&'%$#1%M-V5! ?&',! ;#>L%S-! C'&19&-;&>&-;&! 1,-! &0! %-=0S*5! .,-.&! 9-! >%*>,! >,-&>#! ?9&.&! ;&-&'! .%*;%-;#*! 1#;&=,')#*! .&?&-.%&-.,! .&! *9! ?9&*;,! &-! 0#! ,'#1%M-5! &! %-109*,! &-! .&;&'>%-#.,*!&N&>?0,*!?,.')#!#N9*;#'*&!#!>^*!.&!9-#!1#;&=,')#5!1,>,!&-@! ! X8/Y##(65.3(5,(?G=9983>*,G+(&,%++,! ! ! K6
  •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
  • 34. ?"05+%(@%7"&(A8.3+( ! ! J3! 9-#!10^9*90#!&-!09=#'!.&!9-!*%-;#=>#@!9/5+%8(H+('*('H+(:()e* +&(G8%"(3+(,"$(#' +-%)'I(#:+#.*%)! ! T*;&!*&=9-.,!1#*,!*&!00#>#!.-,#+)*%,.3-3! ! ! P5*K<*AG=?692@863:=*<83>YZ9:8?=! ! ! /,.,!>,-&>#!;%&-&!9-#!1#'=#!*&>^-;%1#!#.&>^*!.&!*9!1#'=#!0S`%1#Gn!&*;,!&*!0,!Q9&! 2#1&!Q9&!;,.,*!0,*!>,-&>#*!.&!9-#!0&-=9#!*&#-!.%*;%-;,*!&-;'&!*)3!W*)5!0#!%-C,'>#1%M-! 0S`%1,I*&>^-;%1#!.&!C+&"!&-!1#*;&00#-,!&*!#*)@! ! WK.+@!!!<Ra8?2@63:6@!,LN&;,!=&-&'#0>&-;&!.&!>#.&'#5!1,-!19#;',!?#;#*5!Q9&! *&! 9*#! ?#'#! *&-;#'*&! C'&-;&! #! S0! O! '&#0%P#'! .%*;%-;#*! #1;%$%.#.&*!#?,O^-.,*&!&-!&00#3! ! * 96@S3:5! ! XrFY@!!!Xr1,-;3Y! * * * * * * * Xq#-%>3Y! ! ! &0&>&-;,*!C%N,*! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Xr1,-13Y! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Xä!*%-=3Y! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Xq!>#*13Y! ! ! &0&>&-;,*!$#'%#L0&*! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Xä1#*,Y! ! ! U#! 1#;&=,')#! -,>L'&! XFY! .&! #''%L#! -,! &*! 0M=%1#>&-;&! 0#! -%1#3! a#O! ,;'#*! 1,>,! #.N&;%$,!RQ9&!%-109O&!0,*!.&;&'>%-#-;&*V5!$&'L,5!#.$&'L%,5!?'&?,*%1%M-!O!?#';)190#*3!! ! ! Q5*,2*32:4G2<6c2*H6*<=9*43876G92<69! ! ! +2,>*fO! *9=%'%M! Q9&! 0,*! 9-%$&'*#0&*! 0%-=[)*;%1,*! *,-! .&! .,*! 10#*&*@! *9*;#-;%$,*! O! C,'>#0&*3! ! ! Q5E5*,=9*43876G92<69*949:23:87=9! ! ! E,-! ?%&P#*! L^*%1#*! 1,-! 0#*! Q9&! *&! 1,-*;'9O&! &0! 0&-=9#N&5! 1#'=#.#*! .&! 1#'=#! 0S`%1#5! Q9&!;%&-&-!>912,!Q9&!$&'!1,-!0#!,'=#-%P#1%M-!.&!0#!='#>^;%1#3!T*;#*!*,-!L^*%1#>&-;&! 0#*!1#;&=,')#*!&`?9&*;#*!&-!&0!?9-;,!#-;&'%,'!RJV3! ! ! Q5D5*,=9*43876G92<69*L=G@2<69! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! G !U#! ?2G>2* <Ra8?2! &*! &0! *%=-%C%1#.,! '&#0! .&! 9-! >,-&>#5! &*! .&1%'5! 0#! .&C%-%1%M-! Q9&! #?#'&1&! &-! &0! .%11%,-#'%,!O!Q9&!&*!&`109*%$#!.&!1#.#!;S'>%-,3!!! ! KJ
  • 35. O.,%83/==52.("(#"(<&5=8#5.1J7&,5="( ! ! E,-!1#;&=,')#*!C9-1%,-#0&*!Q9&!-,!*%&>?'&!*&!>#-%C%&*;#-!0S`%1#>&-;&!?&',!Q9&!*,-! ?#';&! C9-.#>&-;#0! .&! 0#! &*;'91;9'#! ,'#1%,-#03! _&-;',! .&! &*;#*! 1%;#'&>,*! 0#*! ;'&*! >^*! %>?,';#-;&*@! ! G3! T0!,'.&-!.&!?#0#L'#*5!Q9&!&*!C9-.#>&-;#0!&-!0&-=9#*!1,>,!&0!%-=0S*!,!&0!C'#-1S*@! V8G.(#80+&(["%)( ["%)(#80+&(V8G.( ( 63! U#!1,-1,'.#-1%#!&-;'&!$&'L,!O!*9N&;,! T(L"(1+.,+(+&,-.(=8.,+.,8&( ( K3! T0!;%&>?,!$&'L#0@! à!')+%(0+.3%+C8&( ! Kg
  • 36. ?"05+%(@%7"&(A8.3+( ! _8]<8=>G2LZ2! ! W8/+a8FEsF5!d3!RGbb6V@!O.,%83/==52.("(#"(!&5=8#5.1J7&,5="3!o#.'%.@!W0%#-P#3! ZTU8F+a{F5! o3n! :8j8ã:T5! W3n! 8tsW5! d3o3! RGbbJ6V@! <&5=8#817"( 3+#( #+.1/"B+3! O.0+&,51"=52.()(,+8%7"3!o#.'%.@!/',;;#3! ZT:U8F5! Z3n! åWÄ5! <3! RGbHbV@! ! *"&5=( A8#8%( +%C&:( ( G+5%( P.50+%&"#5,)( ".3( F08#/,58.3!! i-%$&'*%;O!,C!+#0%C,'-%#!<'&**3! ZUsso5! W3a3! RGbhGV@! G+( L5.1/5&,5=( KG"!5.1( 86( G8/1G,:( ( '( K,/3)( 5.( ,G+( OC!"=,( 86( L".1/"1+(8.(G5.S5.1(5.(AG5."(".3(,G+(]+&,3!!T'0L#9>3! ZsE+a5!U3!RGbhgV@!|T0!.&*#'',00,!C,-,0M=%1,!%-C#-;%0@!9-#!?'9&L#!.&!*9!&$#09#1%M-}3!8-@! o3! E8tiÅF! R1,>?3V@! F&,/358&( &8$%+( !&5=8#817"( 3+#( #+.1/"B+( 5.6".,5#3! o#.'%.@! <%'^>%.&5!??3!KKIgc3! +W::sUU5!d3Z3n!+WEWt:WF_T5!d3!Z3!RGbghV!|/2&!C9-1;%,-!,C!0#-=9#=&!10#**%C%1#;%,-*!%-! L&2#$%,'}3!!8-@!T3!T3!oW++sZÄ5!/3o3!FTe+soZ!ç!T3U3!aW:/UTÄ!X&.*3Y@!!R+"35.1&( 5.(K8=5"#(<&)=G8#81(3!a,0;5!:%-&2#';!#-.!e%-*;,-5!??3!GhIKG3!! +asoEåÄ5!F3!RGbbhV@!F#(!%81%"C"(C5.5C"#5&,"3!o#.'%.@!W0%#-P#3! (Us:TE! _âW:+W8E5! t3Z3! RGbb6V@! |U#! ?&'1&?1%M-! .&0! 0&-=9#N&}3! 8-@! (3d3! FTeoTÄT:! R1,>?3V@!<".8%"C"(3+(#"(#5.1J7&,5="(C83+%."(3+(#"(P.50+%&53"3(3+(A"C$%531+4(Z8#4( OOO4(F#(#+.1/"B+:("&!+=,8&(!&5=8#215=8&()($58#215=8&3!o#.'%.@!j%*,'5!??3!G6KIGg73! tWUUs5!<3!RGbb7V@!|+M>,!&0!-%],!1,-*;'9O&!2%?M;&*%*!*,L'&!0#!='#>^;%1#!.&!*9!0&-=9#}3! F&,/358&(3+(<&5=8#817"!JG@!cKIb63! tW:oWF5!o3!RGbbgV@!<&5=8#5.1J7&,5="3!o#.'%.@!j%*,'3! tW::T//5! o3(3! RGbb6V@! |<',1&*,*! &-! 0#! ?',.911%M-! .&0! 0&-=9#N&}3! 8-@! (3d3! FTeoTÄT:! R1,>?3V@!<".8%"C"(3+(#"(#5.1J7&,5="(C83+%."(3+(#"(P.50+%&53"3(3+(A"C$%531+4(Z8#4( OOO4(F#(#+.1/"B+:("&!+=,8&(!&5=8#215=8&()($58#215=8&3!o#.'%.@!j%*,'5!??3!bGIG6G3! aT:FÅF_TÑ!<8FW5!(3!RGbhJV@!+8%7"&(!&5=8#5.1J7&,5="&()(&/("!#5="=52.("#(+&!"M8#(=8C8( #+.1/"(C",+%."3!o#.'%.@!E%=0,!""83! aiZTU5!_3!RGbhhV@!!F)+E(*%"5.(".3(Z5&58.3!!('&&>#-3! 8tsW5! d3! o3! RGbbgV@! |T0! ?',1&*#>%&-;,! *%-;^1;%1,! &-! 0#! 1,>?'&-*%M-! O! ?',.911%M-! .&0! 0&-=9#N&}3! 8-@! o3! (&'-^-.&P! UWtiF8UUW! O! W3! WFiUW@! K5.,"D5&( )( =81.5=52.4( O.,%83/==52.( "#( =8.8=5C5+.,8E( +#( !%8=+&"C5+.,8( )( #8&( 3I65=5,&( &5.,-=,5=8&3! o#.'%.@! E)-;&*%*3! åWÄ5! <3n! åTo</sF5! e3! RGbhJV@! |e2#;! %*! ;2&! E#?%'Ie2,'C! 2O?,;2&*%*Ü}3! 'C+%5=".( '.,G%8!8#815&,!hH@!HgIcb3! UWF_Wi5! Z3n! dW+åTF_s((5! :3! RGbbKV! ! |ée2#;â! #-.! éB2&'&â! %-! *?#;%#0! 0#-=9#=&! #-.! *?#;%#0!1,=-%;%,-}3!*+G"058%"#(".3(*%"5.!K=5+.=+&!GH@!6GcI6Kh!X;#'=&;!#';%10&Y5!6H6I 6Hg3! ! KH