Suny poly tech 2015
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Ethical, legal, social implications of human enhancement
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Suny poly tech 2015
- 1. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H The State of the FutureThe State of the Future Ethical, Legal and SocialEthical, Legal and Social Implications of HumanImplications of Human EnhancementEnhancement Linda MacDonald Glenn, JD, LLMLinda MacDonald Glenn, JD, LLM
- 2. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H BackgroundBackground • Linda MacDonald Glenn, JD, LLMLinda MacDonald Glenn, JD, LLM,, Attorney, BioethicistAttorney, Bioethicist • Professor Albany Medical Center, CSUMB,Professor Albany Medical Center, CSUMB, Singularity UniversitySingularity University • Director, Humanity +Director, Humanity + • Fellow at IEETFellow at IEET • & recently featured in& recently featured in ““FutureScape withFutureScape with James Woods”James Woods” on Science Channel.on Science Channel.
- 3. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Pearls of Wisdom from smart peoplePearls of Wisdom from smart people • "It is difficult to make predictions,"It is difficult to make predictions, especially about the futureespecially about the future“ –“ – - According to Yogi Berra, or Niels Bohr, or Albert Einstein, or Mark Twain, or Somebody Or, as Berra put it, "I never said half the things I really said."
- 4. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H The ConvergenceThe Convergence • Nano – Bio – Info – CognoNano – Bio – Info – Cogno • The creation of new beingsThe creation of new beings • As creators, what our moral (& legal)As creators, what our moral (& legal) responsibilities?responsibilities?
- 5. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H The Law of Accelerating Returns So we won’tSo we won’t experience 100 yearsexperience 100 years of progress in the 21of progress in the 21stst centurycentury –– it will be more likeit will be more like 20,000 years of20,000 years of progressprogress (at today’s rate).(at today’s rate). 5 An analysis of theAn analysis of the history of technologyhistory of technology shows thatshows that technological changetechnological change is exponential,is exponential, contrary to thecontrary to the common-sensecommon-sense "intuitive linear" view"intuitive linear" view
- 6. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H 6 Average Life Expectancy (Years)Average Life Expectancy (Years) Cro Magnon 18 Ancient Egypt 25 1400 Europe 30 1800 Europe & U.S. 37 1900 U.S. 48 2002 U.S. 78
- 8. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Synthetic biologySynthetic biology http://kck.st/RNVjcuhttp://kck.st/RNVjcu
- 9. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Just how small is Nano-sized?Just how small is Nano-sized? •Nanotechnology is the understanding and control ofNanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 7matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 7 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.novel applications. •A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter.A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. •A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick. • A single gold atom is about a third of a nanometerA single gold atom is about a third of a nanometer in diameter.in diameter. • Dimensions between approximately 1 and 100Dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers are known as the nanoscale.nanometers are known as the nanoscale.
- 10. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Nano-sizes in perspectiveNano-sizes in perspective
- 34. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Earlier DetectionEarlier Detection Some examples:Some examples: • Camera Pill to detect early signs of esophageal/ colonCamera Pill to detect early signs of esophageal/ colon cancer - easier to use and does not require sedation.cancer - easier to use and does not require sedation. • Breath test for diabetes – No more fingers sticks!Breath test for diabetes – No more fingers sticks! Detecting levels of acetone in breath usingDetecting levels of acetone in breath using nanosensors.nanosensors. • Using nanosensors to analyze volatile organicUsing nanosensors to analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to prostate, breast, or colorectalcompounds (VOCs) to prostate, breast, or colorectal cancerscancers • Smart contact lens by SENSIMED continuouslySmart contact lens by SENSIMED continuously monitors eye pressure to detect signs of glaucomamonitors eye pressure to detect signs of glaucoma
- 35. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H High-Tech Healing and CareHigh-Tech Healing and Care • Implants and ingestiblesImplants and ingestibles • Artificial organs and bionics (akaArtificial organs and bionics (aka regenerative nanomedicine)regenerative nanomedicine) • Genomics and ImmunotherapyGenomics and Immunotherapy (e.g., Prolia for osteoporosis, Benlysta for(e.g., Prolia for osteoporosis, Benlysta for LupusLupus
- 36. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Human IntelligenceHuman Intelligence AugmentationAugmentation • to keep upto keep up with AIwith AI
- 37. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Extending LongevityExtending Longevity • A strain of miceA strain of mice that have livedthat have lived more than threemore than three normal lifespansnormal lifespans • Should humansShould humans live 200 years?live 200 years?
- 39. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Property – Personhood Dichotomy in LawProperty – Personhood Dichotomy in Law • Historically, nonhuman animals haveHistorically, nonhuman animals have been considered “property”,been considered “property”, • Slaves, women, and children wereSlaves, women, and children were regarded as mere chattel until mid-to-lateregarded as mere chattel until mid-to-late 18001800’’s and early 1900s and early 1900’’ss • Yet, nonhumans entities, such asYet, nonhumans entities, such as corporations and ships have beencorporations and ships have been recognized and given rights as “persons”recognized and given rights as “persons”
- 40. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Humans and PersonsHumans and Persons • All humans are persons BUT, the lawAll humans are persons BUT, the law says…says… • All “persons” are NOT humans...forAll “persons” are NOT humans...for example, corporations,example, corporations, municipalities, even ships have beenmunicipalities, even ships have been granted status as persons by the USgranted status as persons by the US Supreme CourtSupreme Court
- 41. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Current Legal SpectrumCurrent Legal Spectrum • U.S. Supreme Court cases provide aU.S. Supreme Court cases provide a spectrum:spectrum: • ““NaturalNatural”” Persons (e.g. aliens, minors,Persons (e.g. aliens, minors, illegitimate) toillegitimate) to • ““JuridicalJuridical”” Persons (e.g., corporations,Persons (e.g., corporations, labor unions, municipalities,labor unions, municipalities, government units.government units. • Very little in the way of legislative orVery little in the way of legislative or statutory definitionstatutory definition (and what there is, is problematic)(and what there is, is problematic)
- 42. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H What Beings Should be Considered Persons?What Beings Should be Considered Persons? • Fetuses?Fetuses? (Personhood for Embryos Referendum in(Personhood for Embryos Referendum in Colorado)Colorado) • Animals?Animals? • Artificial Intelligence?Artificial Intelligence? • Categories in between?Categories in between? • Beings with Numerous NeuralBeings with Numerous Neural Implants and Augmentations?Implants and Augmentations?
- 43. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Legal and Ethical ConsiderationsLegal and Ethical Considerations • Rights of the Individual vs. Rights of PersonsRights of the Individual vs. Rights of Persons • Persons vs. PropertyPersons vs. Property • Persons -> Persons + Augmentation <-MachinesPersons -> Persons + Augmentation <-Machines • (Query: How many parts of yourself can you(Query: How many parts of yourself can you replace before you are no longer yourself?)replace before you are no longer yourself?)
- 44. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H The future?The future? • Get ready for the Cyborgs – HumanGet ready for the Cyborgs – Human Machine MergersMachine Mergers • We will continually incorporate moreWe will continually incorporate more and more computer technology intoand more computer technology into ourselves and our lives, until weourselves and our lives, until we become one with it.become one with it. ((It’s already happening! How many of usIt’s already happening! How many of us carry our PDAs or wirelesscarry our PDAs or wireless devices his small wireless computer to our meetings (anddevices his small wireless computer to our meetings (and everywhere else). When someone has a question no one can answer,everywhere else). When someone has a question no one can answer, in just a few seconds, we conjure up the answer with Google)in just a few seconds, we conjure up the answer with Google)
- 45. NH2 01100110111010000 H OH H Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention! • For further info, references contact me atFor further info, references contact me at liglenn@csumb.eduliglenn@csumb.edu
Notes de l'éditeur
- BUT - All these activities require nanotechnology standards, including standard nomenclature and terminology, and participating NNI agencies work with consensus-based standards organizations to develop standards for nanotechnology
- What’s the advantage of being a person as opposed to property? Minimum negative liberties