Transport networks in a globalized world, conservation biogeography, elevational gradients in vascular plant species richness, sudden oak death, landscape pathology, fire blight, network epidemiology, Canterbury (Kent), United Kingdom, macroecology

1. Biodiversity, people and networks
Marco Pautasso
marpauta at gmail.com
Canterbury (UK)
3 Nov 2010

2. Transport networks in a globalized world
passengers
from: Hufnagel et al. (2005) PNAS (air) & Kaluza et al. (2010) Interface (sea)

3. Conservation biogeography
• N = 692, r2 = 0.13, y = 2.15 (SE = 0.08) + 0.15 (SE = 0.01) x, p < 0.0001
o N = 2187, r2 = 0.10, y = 2.18 (SE = 0.05) + 0.15 (SE = 0.01) x, p < 0.0001
US counties with (•) or without (o)
Universities and/or Botanic Gardens
from: Pautasso & McKinney (2007) Conservation Biology

4. Elevational gradient in vascular plant biodiversity
Marini et al. (in press)
Global Ecology &
Biogeogeography
data from Bergamo
& Brescia provinces, Italy

5. Landscape pathology
Picture: D. Rizzo, UC Davis from: Pautasso et al. (2010) Biological Reviews

6. Fire blight epidemic development in Switzerland
2003-07
1995 1999
2003 2007
Data from: Eidgenössisches Volkswirtschaftsdepartement, Swiss Confederation

7. Network theory
NATURAL
Network pictures from:
Newman (2003) SIAM Review
food webs
cell
metabolism
meta- Food web of Little Rock
populations Lake, Wisconsin, US
ant nests sexual
partnerships
epidemiology
family
innovation networks
Internet flows co-authorship HIV
structure railway urban road nets spread
electrical networks networks network
power grids telephone calls
WWW
computing airport Internet E-mail
committees
grids networks software maps patterns
TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIAL
from: Moslonka-Lefebvre et al. (2011) Phytopathology

8. Biodiversity conservation at the interface between disciplines
Kiss et al. (2010) Journal of Informetrics

9. Acknowledgements
Diego
Kevin
Fontaneto,
Gaston,
Mike McKinney, Stockholm
Sheffield Ingrid
Knoxville
Susanne Fritz, Parmentier,
Copenhagen Bruxelles
Peter
Weisberg, Glen Powell, Mathieu Caroline
Moslonka- Mike Jeger, Lorenzo
Reno London Pecher,
Lefebvre, Paris Silwood Marini,
Bozen
Padova
Ottmar
Tom
Holdenrieder, Claude Steck, Birgit & Florian Schlick- Joan Webber,
Alice Holt Harwood,
Zurich Birmensdorf Steiner, Innsbruck Canberra

10. Biogeographical patterns in bird biodiversity
abundance (individuals)
(c)
Log10 assemblage
Log10 plot area (km2)
Log10 plot area (km2)
Survey year
(a), (b) & (c) from: Pautasso & Gaston (2006) Global Ecology & Biogeography;
(d) from: Pautasso & Gaston (2005) Ecology Letters

11. Random sample of 100 papers per year
on ‘species richness’ in WOS (1991-2004)
from: Lonsdale et al. (2008) European Journal of Forest Research

12. Biogeography of the living collections
(a)
of the world’s botanical gardens
(c)
(c)
log10 spp richness (n)
(d)
(yr)
(b) Size of countries reflects n of botanic gardens
(d)
b from: http://www.worldmapper.org/
a, c & d: from: Pautasso & Parmentier (2007) Botanica Helvetica

13. Living collections of the world’s botanic gardens (2)
from: Golding et al. (2010) Annals of Botany

14. Locally, biodiversity-people correlations tend to be negative
birds in Florence
from: Chiari et al. (2010) J Animal Ecology

15. Scale-dependence of the correlation between species richness of
stream macro-invertebrates and people
from: Pecher et al. (2010) Basic and Applied Ecology

16. Sampling effort explains the correlation between species
richness of Orthoptera and people in Italy
from: Cantarello et al. (2010) Naturwissenschaften

17. Lower epidemic threshold for scale-free networks
with positive correlation between in- and out-degree
1.00
local
probability of persistence
random
0.75 small-world
scale-free (two-way)
scale-free (uncorrelated)
0.50 scale-free (one way)
0.25
0.00
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Epidemic probability of transmission
does not
develop Epidemic develops
from: Moslonka-Lefebvre et al. (2011) Phytopathology

18. Current research – 1. epidemic modelling
in small-size directed networks
N replicates = 100;
error bars are St. Dev.;
different letters show
sign. different means
at p < 0.05
from: Moslonka-Lefebvre et al. (2009) Journal of Theoretical Biology

19. Correlation of epidemic final size with out-degree of
starting node increases with network connectivity
from: Pautasso
et al. (2010) N replicates = 100; error bars are St. Dev.;
Ecol Compl different letters show sign. different means at p < 0.05

20. References
Barbosa AM, Fontaneto D, Marini L & Pautasso M (2010) Positive regional species–people correlations: a sampling
artefact or a key issue for sustainable development? Animal Conservation 13: 446-447
Cantarello E, Steck CE, Fontana P, Fontaneto D, Marini L & Pautasso M (2010) A multi-scale study of Orthoptera
species richness and human population size controlling for sampling effort. Naturwissenschaften 97: 265-271
Dehnen-Schmutz K, Holdenrieder O, Jeger MJ & Pautasso M (2010) Structural change in the international horticultural
industry: some implications for plant health. Scientia Horticulturae 125: 1-15
Golding J, Güsewell S, Kreft H, Kuzevanov VY, Lehvävirta S, Parmentier I & Pautasso M (2010) Species-richness
patterns of the living collections of the world's botanic gardens: a matter of socio-economics? Annals of Botany 105:
689-696
Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Pautasso M & Jeger MJ (2009) Disease spread in small-size directed networks: epidemic
threshold, correlation between links to and from nodes, and clustering. Journal of Theoretical Biology 260: 402-411
Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Finley A, Dorigatti I, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Harwood T, Jeger MJ, Xu XM, Holdenrieder O &
Pautasso M (2011) Networks in plant epidemiology: from genes to landscapes, countries and continents.
Phytopathology 101: 392-403
Pautasso M (2009) Geographical genetics and the conservation of forest trees. Perspectives in Plant Ecology,
Systematics and Evolution 11: 157-189
Pautasso M & Parmentier I (2007) Are the living collections of the world’s botanical gardens following species-richness
patterns observed in natural ecosystems? Botanica Helvetica 117: 15-28
Pautasso M, Moslonka-Lefebvre M & Jeger MJ (2010) The number of links to and from the starting node as a predictor
of epidemic size in small-size directed networks. Ecological Complexity 7: 424-432
Pecher C, Fritz S, Marini L, Fontaneto D & Pautasso M (2010) Scale-dependence of the correlation between human
population and the species richness of stream macroinvertebrates. Basic Applied Ecology 11: 272-280