Simultaneously Leveraging Linux and Android in a GENIVI compliant IVI System – Andrew Patterson
It is widely accepted that Linux is the operating system of choice when building a complex, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) system. The ability to support and quickly integrate device drivers for features such as CAN, MOST, graphics accelerators, networking interfaces, and Bluetooth can result in key differentiators for any GENIVI compliant IVI-based system. But what if Android was introduced as a second operating system? This session multiple implementations integrating both Android and Linux on multicore SoCs sharing audio and video resources across both domains while maintaining GENIVI compliance. Implementations with and without hypervisor technology will also be presented.
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Simultaneously Leveraging Linux and Android in a GENIVI compliant IVI System
1. Embedded World Session 22
Simultaneously Leveraging
Linux and Android
in Automotive IVI
Andrew Patterson
Business Development Director mentor.com/embedded
Android is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions.
Mentor Graphics Ltd Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.
2. What goes into an IVI system?
Applications
Middleware/Libraries / Services
Proprietary OS
DeviceDrivers
3. Technology Evolution
Bring in the New, Exit the Old
Hi-Fi Stereo
8-Track Tapes
Circa 1970
• 300,000 new cars and trucks would be
sold in the United States this year with
no CD player Paired Device
2013
• Expected to grow to 15.9 million in
2019.
• Large population of older people who
don’t want to give up their CD players :
Change takes time
John Canali - senior analyst at Strategy Analytics,
4. Where are the influences ?
• Android : Dominant in consumer electronics mobile devices
• Automotive Standardization : Reduce costs, share non-
differentiating technology
• Technology & Value : More innovation for less money
In the first 6 months of 2012
Android downloaded onto
681,900 separate devices in
195 different countries
5. IVI Trends in Telematics : Need Linux & Android
Collision Notification
Insurance
Stolen Vehicle
In-car services, concierge, streaming
Eco-driving services
Real-time Cloud data : Traffic, Weather, Road ahead
Car-Car communication
Driverless car
Diagnostics and servicing
6. Consumer Electronics Influence …
■ The SmartPhone Revolution
■ 3 out of 4 Smart Phones sold are Android
■ Apple & Samsung account for 83% of
market
■ Platform Refresh every 6 months
■ The Car is becoming a Consumer
Electronic Product
■ Lifecycles
— Consumer Electronics : 6 months
— Automotive : 10 years?
7. Choices and Design Options
Consumers demand choice..
Infotainment Design Choices :
• Hardware Platform
• Operating System
• Architecture
• Applications and App management
• Phone / Internet Connectivity
9. Operating Systems
OS For Against
Win CE widely License cost ?
Established
Many open source Development effort
variants / GENIVI /
flexible platform
Widely accepted in Managed by Google,
Mobile / CE, open source adaptation effort
Highly tuned / good Cost of development and
Proprietary OS control over functions by run-time, maintenance,
Commercial OEM/Tier 1 development cycle
10. Platform Options / GENIVI OS Choices
Silicon Available :
• Multi core CPUS
• High performance GPU
• Peripherals : USB, WiFi, etc
GENIVI 3.0 GENIVI 2.0 GENIVI 1.0
Accenture ARM Cortex-A9 (TI OMAP 4460) (Intel® Atom™ ) (Intel® Atom™ )
Intel® Atom™
MontaVista Renesas R-car H1 reference board Renesas R-Car H1 (Marzen) Renesas R-Car M1
(Mentor) Freescale i.MX6q Sabre-lite Freescale SABRE i.MX53
Boundary Devices Freescale i.MX53 Sabre Freescale i.MX6q Sabre-lite
Sabre-lite board Freescale i.MX53 QSB Texas Instruments Jacinto
Intel Atom Crossville Intel Atom Crossville
Wind River (i.MX6 Sabre Lite) Renesas R car M1A BOCK-W (Intel® Atom™ ), (ARM
Texas Instruments Jacinto 5 EVM Cortex-A8)
Freescale i.MX6 Sabre Lite
Renesas R car E1 – Silverstone
Mentor (i.MX6 Sabre Lite) Intel Atom Crossville Intel Atom Crossville
(i.MX6 Sabre Lite) Freescale i.MX6q
Courtesy : GENIVI 2012
11. Driver and Passenger needs
Driver Passengers
• Navigation • Social Media
• Radio / Media Player • Streamed Services
• Concierge Services • Web Browsing
• Phone • Android Apps
• Real-time travel information
Courtesy : Volvo Car
12. The case for Linux in Infotainment
mentor.com/embedded
Android is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions.
Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.
13. Why Move to Linux ?
Proprietary 1st generation automotive IVI
operating systems are getting expensive to
maintain and scale up
Linux is an Industry standard
Facebook, Amazon, Twitter all Linux servers
Android has a Linux Kernel
Wide choice of hardware platforms (SoC)
SoC vendors increasingly ―do Linux first‖
Several Automotive Linux options
GENIVI well established
AGL (Automotive Grade Linux) ?
14. Linux in numbers
Popularity rankings for Linux (by community access)
2010 2011 2012
1 Ubuntu Linux MINT Linux MINT
2 Fedora Ubuntu Mageia
3 Linux MINT Fedora Ubuntu
4 openSUSE openSUSE Fedora
5 PCLinuxOS Debian openSUSE
6 Debian Arch Linux Debian
7 Mandriva PCLinuxOS Arch Linux
8 Sabayon CentOS PCLinuxOS
9 Arch Linux Puppy Linux CentOS
15. Where does GENIVI fit ?
• Open Source Linux software platform
for Infotainment Systems Developers
• Goals :
– Reduce Costs
– Make Tier 1 development more
transparent
– Contributions from many expert
sources
• 170 Corporate Members
• Many projects underway
16. GENIVI is a partial solution for OEMs
Migration to Linux
Open Source Powerful
SoC
Connected HMI
Car Performance
Function Android Multi-Mode
Consolidation Support User Inputs
Picture : Courtesy GENIVI org
18. Android in IVI
mentor.com/embedded
Android is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions.
Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.
19. In-Vehicle Android
Options
• Native
• Android operating system on
―bare metal‖
• Parallel Domain
• Android running as a parallel
operating system
• Virtual Domain, Container
• Tethered
• Linked in via mobile phone
20. Arguments For Android
Acceptance in CE
850,000 new devices daily
Over 700,000 Apps (Oct 2012)
6 billion total downloads
Car features
Android ―Car Mode‖ routes all audio to speaker
Hands-Free support
Other selling points
Familiar UI for users
Development kits & community
Automotive apps peripheral support
21. Top 6 Automotive Android Apps
App Description
Radaroid Radaroid shows you a map which will provide
locations of places where there might be a
speed camera installed
GPS HUD provide you the exact location and the speed
that you are travelling at. Also, the same will
be reflected in the display which can be
cleverly reflected on the windscreen. Thus
giving you a feel of using an HUD
Carr Matey In case you have forgotten the location where
you have parked your car,
Drive this app and it will read your messages and e-
Carefully mails to you.
Geo Keep yourself and others entertained by some
Reader general knowledge about that place by using
this app.
22. Android Challenges
Roadmap managed by Google
Updates to OS / App compatibility
OS fragmentation and distribution
MultiMedia IVI
Audio Routing
Video Layers
Security ?
23. Beyond Apps
Security Concerns
Apps may provide gateway for
hackers / attacks
May compromise / interfere with
operation of other vehicle functions
Management
Which Apps are authorized?
Some Auto OEMs will set up Apps
Stores
Renault R-Link Apps Store
25. Tethered Smart Phone
―Thin Client‖ on IVI
head unit
Approved Apps only
Internet
Speech Engine
IVI
Networking
Connectivity Navigation Audio
Stack
Entertainment Telephony
Quick Android Mobile Office Cloud
Integration
26. Car Connectivity Consortium
Standard ―recipes‖ for Smart Phone tethering
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP™) is used for controlled
access to applications
Virtual Network Computing (VNC™) replicatesofthe
Only 34%
consumers would
phone's display on the navigation screen and to pay
be willing
communicate user inputs back to the phone. in the car
for Apps
(IMS Jan 2013)
80 members
70% market share in vehicles
60% market share in smart phones.
Built-in support
Samsung Galaxy III, Nokia, …
27. IVI Architectures
mentor.com/embedded
Android is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions.
Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.
28. Linux Container (LXC) Architecture
Common HMI
Graphics Layer Management
Android Apps
Networking
Navigation
IVI Android OS
Entertainment
Stack
Mobile Office
Linux Container
Mentor IVI Linux OS / LXC Resource Management
Hardware Layer Multi-Core CPU GPU
29. Overview of LXC
• OS-level virtualization method
• Used to run multiple isolated Linux systems
– Can be different distributions
• A single kernel is shared
• LXC does not provide a virtual machine
– provides a virtual environment that has its own process and network
space
• The LXC project is hosted on SourceForge
– http://sourceforge.net/projects/lxc/
• Userspace control tools are provided for Linux containers
• LXC has been integrated into Mentor ATP
30. Overview of LXC (Cont…)
Linux cgroups provide:
• Resource limiting: groups can be set to not exceed a set memory limit
• Prioritization: some groups may get a larger share of CPU or disk I/O
throughput
• Accounting: to measure how much resources certain systems use for
e.g. billing purposes
• Isolation: separate namespaces for groups, so they don't see each
other's processes, network connections or files
• Control: freezing groups or checkpointing and restarting
31. Android Guest OS via Hypervisor
Common HMI
Graphics Layer Management
Networking
Android
Navigation
IVI Apps.
Stack Entertainment
Mobile Office
Linux OS Android OS
HyperVisor Hypervisor Virtualization
ARM Multi-core CPU
SoC
GPU, Peripherals
32. Features of a Hypervisor solution
■ SoC Hardware resources shared between two or
more operating systems
■ Multi-core CPU, GPU, Audio, Network, USB
■ Independent reboot / fast boot options
■ ADAS, system start-up
■ Low Overhead ( 1-4 % CPU)
■ Privileges Management / Security
(General Dynamics) (Thales) (OpenSynergy)
33. Virtualization or Containers?
■ Option Comparison :
Hypervisor Virtualization Linux Container
For - Scalable to multiple domains on - Available as part of Mentor
a single hardware platform GENIVI Linux
- Faster boot-up time - Lower Cost
- HMI Integration easier to
manage
- Solutions in place for Android
and AUTOSAR
Against - Cost / proprietary licensed - Boot-up time : Need to wait for
software solution Linux host
- Substantial porting effort for - Less domain isolation
device drivers
34. AUTOSAR Co-Host
■ HostAUTOSAR environment on IVI or Cluster hardware
■ Mentor (or partner) AUTOSAR V4 Application
Software
(e.g. ABS
Algorithm)
IVI
SWC 1 ECU 1 SWC 3 RTE Interface
Cluster Application and
HMI BSW
RTE
Communication
Stack
Communication
IVI LIN, CAN, FR Microcontroller
OS BSW
Linux OS AVB/Ethernet Abstraction Layer
(MCAL)
MCAL
Virtualization Layer
SoC
ECU 2 ECU n
Bus : CAN, LIN, FlexRay, AVB, MOST
35. Summary : Integrated Solutions
IVI
Hardware
Flexible architectures allowing
co-existence of Android and Linux are needed
Notes de l'éditeur
Infotainment systems are become key decision points by customers, more and more influenced by the SmartPhone lifecycle. Users no longer wish to maintain multiple user-interfaces, and contact lists. OEMs and Tier 1s are under pressure to reduce development costs, so this has driven the formation of industry standards and alliances in the area of IVI and Instrument Clusters
Many OEMs and TIer1s have recognized that they cannot stay on a proprietary or first generation platform. The QNX operating system has been widely used in the past, but does not offer the open-source path and GENIVI compliance needed to keep future cost base low. Other proprietary solutions for IVI, such as Microsoft or Google, are risky because of potential future license restrictions
Agenda for this presentation.
Automotive OEMs and Tier 1s are facing a wide range of new challenges demanded by customers, increasingly influenced by Smart Phone technology. A second generation, linux-based platform capable of handling the complexity is needed
Many OEMs and TIer1s have recognized that they cannot stay on a proprietary or first generation platform. The QNX operating system has been widely used in the past, but does not offer the open-source path and GENIVI compliance needed to keep future cost base low. Other proprietary solutions for IVI, such as Microsoft or Google, are risky because of potential future license restrictions
Many OEMs and TIer1s have recognized that they cannot stay on a proprietary or first generation platform. The QNX operating system has been widely used in the past, but does not offer the open-source path and GENIVI compliance needed to keep future cost base low. Other proprietary solutions for IVI, such as Microsoft or Google, are risky because of potential future license restrictions
Many OEMs and TIer1s have recognized that they cannot stay on a proprietary or first generation platform. The QNX operating system has been widely used in the past, but does not offer the open-source path and GENIVI compliance needed to keep future cost base low. Other proprietary solutions for IVI, such as Microsoft or Google, are risky because of potential future license restrictions
Because of the success of Android in the SmartPhone market, many IVI users expect similar apps in their cars. There are several ways to include Android in an IVI solution, and one increasingly popular solution is the Linux Container. Here Android sits as a Guest OS on top if the Linux Kernel. Priveliges and permissions may be tightly controlled
An alternative way to implement Android is by using a Hypervisor, provided by specialist partners. Mentor has close relationships with Hypervisor providers, such as Open Kernel Labs and SysGo
Users often worry that a Hypervisor will be a performance overhead, but this is not typically the case. As platforms get more and more powerful, a Hypervisor is a good way to offer support for multiple operating systems and functions in IVI and Instrument Cluster
This slide shows the four key elements to Mentor’s IVI strategy