Philippine gods and goddesses

PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY
Pantheon of the Gods and Goddesses
Mythological Creatures

Philippine mythology is derived from
Philippine folk literature, which is the
traditional oral literature of the Filipino
people. This refers to a wide range of
material due to the ethnic mix of the
Philippines. Each unique ethnic group
has its own stories and myths to tell.
Introduction

PHILIPPINE PANTHEON. The stories of ancient
Philippine mythology include deities, creation
stories, mythical creatures, and beliefs.
Ancient Philippine mythology varies among
the many indigenous tribes of the Philippines.
Some groups during the pre-Spanish conquest
era believed in a single Supreme Being who
created the world and everything in it, while
others chose to worship a multitude of tree
and forest deities (diwatas). Diwatas came
from the Sanskrit word devata which means
"deity", one of the several
significant Hindu influences in the Pre-
Hispanic religion of the ancient Filipinos.
Introduction…

Because the country has many islands and is
inhabited by different ethnic groups,
Philippine Mythology and superstitions
are very diverse. However, certain
similarities exist among these groups, such
as the belief in Heaven (Kaluwalhatian or
Kalangitan), Hell (Impiyerno), and human
soul (kaluluwa).
Introduction…

The prevalence of belief in the figures of
Filipino mythology is strong in the
provinces. Many common folk attribute
psychological problems to these
superstitions and considered significant
for psychologists in understanding the
Filipino psyche.
Introduction…

Before the arrival of the Spaniards and the
introduction of Roman Catholicism in the 1500's,
the indigenous inhabitants of the Philippines were
adherents of a mixture of animism, Hinduism, and
Vajrayana Buddhism. Bathala was the supreme God
of the Filipinos, represented by the langit, or sky,
but not all Filipinos believed in it. The Ninuno, or
the ancient ancestors, were the people who taught
Filipinos/Tagalogs who will be in the future; they
believed in the supreme God. For the Bikolanos,
the supreme God was Gugurang.
Introduction…

Other Filipino gods and goddesses include araw (sun),
buwan (the moon), tala (the stars), and natural
objects (such as trees, shrubs, mountains, or rocks).
However, they were not the Western kinds of gods
and goddesses; they were representations for some
Filipinos/Tagalogs; or they were representations as
gifts. As the Abrahamic religions began to sweep
the islands, most Filipinos became Christians,
consequently believing in only one God. Other
Filipinos became Muslims, especially in the
southern islands of the country such as Mindanao.
Introduction…

The famous gods and goddesses of Greek,
Roman, Norse, Egyptian, Chinese, and Japanese
mythology are the most widespread popular
mythology in the world today. These different
countries contain different gods and goddesses.
Even if Filipino Mythology is not as well-known
as the others, they still contain similar
elements, such as gods, goddesses, creation
stories, mythical creatures and beliefs.
Filipino mythology gods and goddesses

PANTHEON of Philippine
gods and goddesses
(in Alphabetical order)

god of fire; brother of Agwe
AGUI

god of the sea, fishing, and
seafaring
AMAN
SINAYA

The ill-tempered god of the sea
because among of the first
generation gods (aside from
Bathala), he was never married after
his love was spurned by a beautiful
mortal maiden, Maganda. In
frustration, he swore vengeance
against the humans by sending
turbulent waves and horrible
tempests in order to wreck boats
and to drown men
AMANIKABLE

the bird who stirred up the
waters and the heavens
AMIHAN

GODDESS OF LOST THINGS
ANAGOLAY

Anagolay• The goddess of
lost things and the
only offspring of
Lakapati and
Mapulon.
• She was married
to Dumakulem.

goddess of the wind and the rain
ANITUN
TABU

Anitun Tabu• The fickle-minded
goddess of wind
and rain.
• She was the
daughter of
Idiyanale and
Dumangan and the
sister of
Dumakulem.

The fickle-minded goddess of wind and rain. She
was the daughter of Idiyanale and Dimangan
and the sister of Dumakulem
ANITUN
TABU

god of the sun, lord of war, son of
Bathala, patron of warriors
APOLAKI

Apolaki• The god of sun
and was chiefly
the patron of
warriors.
•He was the son
of Anagolay
and
Dumakulem.

king of the gods, ruler of the
heavens, creator of humanity
BATHALA

Bathala
• The supreme god of the
Tagalogs; creator of man and
earth and addressed
sometimes as Bathalang
Maykapal.
• He dwells in Kaluwalhatian
together with the lesser gods
and goddesses.
• Aside from the lesser gods and
goddesses, he sent his anitos
in order to assist the daily lives
of every human.
• When most of the natives
were converted
to Christianity during
the Spanish Era, he was
referred to the Christian God.

god of evil; enemy of Bathala
DETINOS

Diyan Masalanta• The goddess of love,
conception and childbirth
and the protector of
lovers.
• She was the daughter of
Anagolay and Dumakulem
and youngest of all the
deities.
• After the conversion of
the natives to Christianity
during the Spanish Era,
she was then referred
as Maria Makiling.

goddess of love, pregnancy, childbirth,
became known as "Maria Makiling"
post-Spanish
DIYAN
MASALANTA

The goddess of love, conception and
childbirth and the protector of lovers.
She was the daughter of Anagolay and
Dumakulem and youngest of all the
deities. After the conversion of the
natives to Christianity during the
Spanish Era, she was then referred as
Maria Makiling.
DIYAN MASALANTA

goddess of medicinal herbs
DIHAS

Dimangan•The goddess
of good
harvest.
•She was
married to
Idiyanale and
had two
offspring.

Dumakulem• The strong, agile
guardian of
mountains and the
son of Idiyanale
and Dumangan.
• His sister was
Anitun Tabu.
• He later married
Anagolay.

Hanan• The goddess of
morning;
• sister of Mayari
and Tala and one
of the three
daughters of
Bathala by a
mortal woman.

god of the sea and the ocean
HAYO

HUKLOBAN
The last agent of Sitan could change herself into any
form she desired. She could kill someone by simply
raising her hand and could heal without any difficulty
as she wished. Her name literally means "crone" or
"hag."

GODDESS OF LABOR AND GOOD
DEEDS
IDIYANALE

IDEANALE
• The goddess of labor and
good deeds. Natives used to
call for her guidance in
order to make their works
successful. She married
Dimangan and had two
offspring.

Although he is not a God, he is still considered as a
high power. He has the power to change destiny at
his will.
KAPALARAN

god of gluttony, food, and
eating
LAKAMBUWI

deity of fertility and
cultivated fields
LAKAPATI

LAKAPATI
• The goddess of fertility and the most
understanding and kind of all the deities. Also
known as Ikapati, she was the giver of food and
prosperity. Her best gift to mankind was
agriculture (cultivated fields). Through this, she
was respected and loved by the people. Later,
she was married to Mapulon and had a
daughter.

god of disease, although
unlike Manggagaway, he
cures them
LINGA

ferryboat god, ferries souls to
hell
MAGUAYEN

god of strength and bravery
MALYARI

goddess of disease, poses as a healer and
inflicts terror by inducing maladies
instead; one of Sitan's helper
MANGGAGAWAY

She was the first agent of Sitan and was
primarily blamed as the cause of
diseases. Sometimes, she would change
herself into a human form, appearing as
a false healer. If she wished to kill
someone, she employed a magic wand
MANGGAGAWAY

The only male agent of Sitan, he was to
emit fire at night and when there was
bad weather. Like his fellow agents, he
could change his form to that of a
healer and then induce fire at his
victim's house. If the fire were
extinguished immediately, the victim
would eventually die. His name remains
today as witch
MANGKUKULAM

god of broken families
MANISILAT

The second agent of Sitan, she
was tasked to destroy and
break every happy and
united family that she could
find
MANISILAT

The god of seasons and
husband of Lakapati of
whom they had a daughter
MAPULON

one-eyed, beautiful goddess and
ruler of the moon, daughter of
Bathala
MAYARI

MAYARI
The goddess of the moon and one
of the three daughters of Bathala
by a mortal woman. She was the
most charming of all the goddesses.
She had two sisters, Tala and Hanan

god of mountains and hills
OGHEP

the king of the Dwendes of
the North
PUGHE

god of the afterlife, guardian
of the realm of the spirits
SITAN

The guardian of Kasamaan
and the keeper of all souls
therein, the counterpart of
Satan. He had four agents
whose task was to lead man
to sin and destruction.
SITAN

goddess of magic, queen of
witchery
SOMILGE

goddess of the stars;
daughter of Bathala
TALA

Tala• The goddess of
the stars;
• sister of Mayari
and Hanan and
one of the three
daughters of
Bathala by a
mortal woman.

FAMOUS PHILIPPINE
DIWATAS
1.Mariang Makiling
2.Mariang Sinukuan
3.Maria Cacao
4.Diwata ng Kagubatan

Mariang Makiling
• The most famous of
all the enchantress in
the Philippine
mythology and folkl
ore.
• She was the
protector and
guardian of Mount
Makiling located
in Los Baños, Laguna.
Thus, modern sightings
of her were even
reported.
• Maria Makiling is a

Mariang
Sinukuan
• She was the
resident
and
protector
of Mount
Arayat loc
ated

Maria Cacao
• She dwells
in Mount
Lantoy, Argao,
Cebu where she
had cacao trees,
hence a
plantation
outside her own
cave.
• After harvest,

Diwata ng
Kagubatan• Also known as Virgen
Del Monte, she was
worshiped by the
ancient Cuyunon of Cuyo
Island, Palawan.
• She is honored in a
celebrated feast,
periodically held atop
of Mount Caimana in the
mentioned island.
• When most of the
natives were converted
to Christianity during
the Spanish Era, about

Resources:
F. Landa Jocano, Outline of Philippine Mythology (Centro
Escolar University Research and Development Center,
1969)
Angelfire Editors. (n.d.). Mysterio delas Felipinas.
Retrieved November 10, 2011, from Angelfire:
http://www.angelfire.com/realm2/mdf/Gods.htm
Philippine mythology. (2006, June 01). Retrieved
November 10, 2011, from Michael Bourne's Book of
Thoth: http://www.book-of-
thoth.com/thebook/index.php/Philippine_mythology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_mythology

Philippine gods and goddesses

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