Acquired kidney disease glenda

Acquired Kidney Disease By: Glenda A. Estorba

Diabetic Nephropathy ,[object Object]

Prevention ,[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment If you have diabetes with high blood pressure, microalbuminuria or blood test evidence of kidney disease, it is important for you to take a medication from the ACE inhibitor or ARB group.

Glomerulonephritis ,[object Object],Types and Causes of Glomerulonephritis : ,[object Object],[object Object]

Antibody-mediated - The most common type is called IgA nephropathy. While this can be associated with liver disease, celiac disease or HIV infection, many cases are of unknown cause. ,[object Object],If glomerulonephritis is mild, it may not cause any symptoms. If symptoms appear, they can include swelling around the feet, ankles, lower legs, and eyes, reduced urination and dark urine (due to the presence of red blood cells in the urine).

Expected Duration How long glomerulonephritis lasts depends on its cause and on the severity of kidney damage. When glomerulonephritis follows an infection, the problem usually goes away within weeks to months. In other cases, glomerulonephritis becomes a chronic (long-lasting) condition that lasts for years and eventually can lead to renal failure .

Prevention Most forms of glomerulonephritis cannot be prevented. Once kidney disease, such as glomerulonephritis is present, avoiding certain medications (such as ibuprofen, naproxen or other anti-inflammatory drugs) can prevent sudden worsening.

Hydronephrosis : Hydronephrosis Classification and external resources Specimen of a kidney that has undergone extensive dilation due to hydronephrosis. Note the extensive atrophy and thinning of the renal cortex. Hydronephrosis is distension and dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces , usually caused by obstruction of the free flow of urine from the kidney , leading to progressive atrophy of the kidney. [1] In case of hydroureteronephrosis , there is distention of both the ureter and the renal pelvis and calices.

Signs and Symptoms The signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis depend upon whether the obstruction is acute or chronic , partial or complete, unilateral or bilateral . Unilateral hydronephrosis may occur without any symptoms, while acute obstruction can cause intense pain.

Treatment Treatment of hydronephrosis focuses upon the removal of the obstruction and drainage of the urine that has accumulated behind the obstruction. Therefore, the specific treatment depends upon where the obstruction lies, and whether it is acute or chronic .

Interstitial Nephritis : ,[object Object],Alternative Names : ,[object Object],[object Object]

Causes, incidence, and risk factors ,[object Object],The acute form of interstitial nephritis is common. It is most often caused by side effects of certain drugs. This disorder may be more severe and more likely to lead to chronic or permanent kidney damage in elderly people.

Symptoms : ,[object Object],Treatment : Treatment focuses on the cause of the problem. Avoiding medications that lead to this condition may relieve the symptoms quickly. Limiting salt (sodium) and fluid in the diet can control swelling and high blood pressure . Also limiting protein can help control the buildup of waste products in the blood ( azotemia ) that can lead to acute kidney failure.

Prevention ,[object Object],What are kidney stones? Kidney stones are made of salts and minerals in the urine that stick together, creating small "pebbles" formed within the kidney or urinary tract. They can be as small as grains of sand or as large as golf balls. Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and often severe pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. One in every 20 people develops a kidney stone at some point in their life.

Kidney Stones Causes: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Medications- People taking diuretics (or "water pills") and those who consume excess calcium-containing antacids can increase the amount of calcium in their urine and potentially increase their risk of forming stones. ,[object Object]

Kidney Stones in Children : ,[object Object],Symptoms of stones are similar to that of an adult, although the younger the child or infant, the harder it may be to initially understand the complaint. The initial finding in an infant may be a crying and inconsolable baby. Kidney Stones Symptoms and Signs: ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Prevention: While kidney stones and renal colic probably cannot be prevented, the risk of forming a stone can be minimized by avoiding dehydration . Keeping the urine dilute will not allow the chemical crystals to come out of solution and form the nidus of a stone. Making certain that the urine remains clear and not concentrated (yellow) will help minimize stone formation.

Kidney Tumor : ,[object Object],Signs & Symptoms of a Kidney Tumor The early stages of a kidney tumor may generate no symptoms at all. As the tumor grows and the condition progresses, the tumor may begin to exhibit symptoms that result mostly from pressure put on other organs and the pain associated with the location of the tumor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal cell carcinoma cell carcinoma (clear cell) - on right of the image; non-tumour kidney is on the left of the image. Nephrectomy specimen. Renal cell carcinoma ( RCC , also known as hypernephroma ) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule , the very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products.

Signs and symptoms: ,[object Object]

Wilms' tumor Classification and external resources. Wilms' tumor Cut section showing two halves of a nephroblastoma specimen. Note the prominent septa subdividing the sectioned surface and the protrusion of tumor into the renal pelvis, resembling botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. ternal resources. Wilms' tumor or nephroblastoma is cancer of the kidneys that typically occurs in children , rarely in adults . Its common name is an eponym , referring to Dr. Max Wilms , the German surgeon (1867–1918) who first described this kind of tumor.

Wilms' tumor is a malignant tumor containing metanephric blastema , stromal and epithelial derivatives. Characteristic is the presence of abortive tubules and glomeruli surrounded by a spindled cell stroma. The stroma may include striated muscle , cartilage , bone , fat tissue, fibrous tissue. The tumor is compressing the normal kidney parenchyma Wilms' tumors may be separated into 2 prognostic groups based on pathologic characteristics: ,[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment strategy : Stage I (43% of patients) Stage III (23% of patients) Stage II (23% of patients) Stage IV (10% of patients) Stage V (5% of patients) Stage I-IV Anaplasia

Minimal change disease ,[object Object],Symptoms: The symptoms are proteinuria (leakage of protein into the urine) and edema ( water retention ). Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a general term that refers to the loss of protein in the urine, hypercholesterolemia, and edema. Many conditions are categorized as nephrotic syndromes—minimal change disease is unique, because it is the only one lacking any evidence of pathology on light microscopy.

Kidney failure ,[object Object],Acute renal failure — Kidney function stops or is abruptly reduced because of a sudden illness Chronic renal failure — Kidney function gradually declines, usually over a period of years. It is most commonly caused by illnesses such as diabetes, uncontrolled high blood pressure or chronic kidney inflammation.

End-stage renal disease — This also is called end-stage renal failure. This occurs when kidney function has deteriorated to the point that if dialysis treatments do not begin, the person will die Symptoms : Chronic renal failure and end stage renal disease Acute renal failure

Treatment : ,[object Object],Chronic renal failure — People with chronic renal failure are monitored closely with frequent physical examinations, blood pressure checks and blood testing.

Acquired kidney disease glenda

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

Similaire à Acquired kidney disease glenda

Similaire à Acquired kidney disease glenda (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

Acquired kidney disease glenda