5. Treatment If you have diabetes with high blood pressure, microalbuminuria or blood test evidence of kidney disease, it is important for you to take a medication from the ACE inhibitor or ARB group.
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8. Expected Duration How long glomerulonephritis lasts depends on its cause and on the severity of kidney damage. When glomerulonephritis follows an infection, the problem usually goes away within weeks to months. In other cases, glomerulonephritis becomes a chronic (long-lasting) condition that lasts for years and eventually can lead to renal failure .
9. Prevention Most forms of glomerulonephritis cannot be prevented. Once kidney disease, such as glomerulonephritis is present, avoiding certain medications (such as ibuprofen, naproxen or other anti-inflammatory drugs) can prevent sudden worsening.
10. Hydronephrosis : Hydronephrosis Classification and external resources Specimen of a kidney that has undergone extensive dilation due to hydronephrosis. Note the extensive atrophy and thinning of the renal cortex. Hydronephrosis is distension and dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces , usually caused by obstruction of the free flow of urine from the kidney , leading to progressive atrophy of the kidney. [1] In case of hydroureteronephrosis , there is distention of both the ureter and the renal pelvis and calices.
11. Signs and Symptoms The signs and symptoms of hydronephrosis depend upon whether the obstruction is acute or chronic , partial or complete, unilateral or bilateral . Unilateral hydronephrosis may occur without any symptoms, while acute obstruction can cause intense pain.
12. Treatment Treatment of hydronephrosis focuses upon the removal of the obstruction and drainage of the urine that has accumulated behind the obstruction. Therefore, the specific treatment depends upon where the obstruction lies, and whether it is acute or chronic .
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22. Renal cell carcinoma cell carcinoma (clear cell) - on right of the image; non-tumour kidney is on the left of the image. Nephrectomy specimen. Renal cell carcinoma ( RCC , also known as hypernephroma ) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule , the very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products.
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24. Wilms' tumor Classification and external resources. Wilms' tumor Cut section showing two halves of a nephroblastoma specimen. Note the prominent septa subdividing the sectioned surface and the protrusion of tumor into the renal pelvis, resembling botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. ternal resources. Wilms' tumor or nephroblastoma is cancer of the kidneys that typically occurs in children , rarely in adults . Its common name is an eponym , referring to Dr. Max Wilms , the German surgeon (1867–1918) who first described this kind of tumor.
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26. Treatment strategy : Stage I (43% of patients) Stage III (23% of patients) Stage II (23% of patients) Stage IV (10% of patients) Stage V (5% of patients) Stage I-IV Anaplasia
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31. End-stage renal disease — This also is called end-stage renal failure. This occurs when kidney function has deteriorated to the point that if dialysis treatments do not begin, the person will die Symptoms : Chronic renal failure and end stage renal disease Acute renal failure
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