Social Psychology Report

Presented by:
Monica Renee G. Policarpio
MSPSYCP
June 21, 2012

HOW DOES IT DIFFER WITH
SOCIOLOGY?
 The scientific study of how a person‟s
thoughts, behavior and feelings are influenced
by real, imagined, or implied presence of
others is called Social Psychology
 While Sociology, on the other hand is the
study and classification of human societies

THREE MAIN AREAS
 SOCIAL COGNITION
 SOCIAL INTERACTION
 SOCIAL INFLUENCE

SOCIAL COGNITION
 How we perceive our social worlds and how we
attend to, store, remember, and use information
about other people and the social world

SOCIAL COGNITION
 Attitude
 Impression Formation
 Attribution

ATTITUDE
 A tendency to respond positively or
negatively toward a certain
idea, person, object, or situation
idea/ person/
object/
situation
Your
perception
Response

THREE COMPONENTS OF
ATTITUDE
Affect
• Distrustful
to
politicians
Behavior
• Does not
practice
voting
Cognition
• Politicians
are all the
same

ATTITUDE FORMATION
Experiences
Mom and
Teacher
Friends Observation
Attitude

ATTITUDE FORMATION
Direct
Contact
Direct
Instruction
Interaction
with others
Vicarious
Conditioning
Attitude

ATTITUDE CHANGE
 Persuasion is the process by which one
person tries to change the
belief, opinion, position, or course of
action of another person through
argument, pleading or explanation

FACTORS OF PERSUASION
 SOURCE
 MESSAGE
 TARGET AUDIENCE

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
Boring task
“Did you
enjoy the task?”
$1
$20 “No”
“Yes”
Received

HOW DO WE REDUCE THE
DISCOMFORT?
 1) Change the conflicting behavior
 2) Change the conflicting cognition
 3) Form new cognition
WHY???

IMPRESSION FORMATION
 PRIMACY EFFECT
 persistent impression made toward a
person even though they may later have
a contradicting information regarding
their original impression

STEREOTYPES
A belief or set of beliefs about people in
a particular social category

ATTRIBUTION
 The process of explaining one‟s own
and others‟ behavior
 ATTRIBUTION THEORY
 Developed by Fritz Heider
 Situational / External
 Dispositional / Internal

ATTRIBUTION BIASES
 Fundamental Attribution Error
 Overestimation of internal characteristics and
underestimation of the influence of situation
 Self-serving bias = situational attribution
 Belief in a Just World = dispositional attribution

SOCIAL INFLUENCE
 The process through which the real or
implied presence of others can directly or
indirectly influence the
thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an
individual

SOCIAL INFLUENCE
 CONFORMITY
 COMPLIANCE
 OBEDIENCE
 GROUP BEHAVIOR

CONFORMITY
 Is changing one‟s own behavior to
match that of other people
1 2 3Find the matching line
Asch‟s Experiment

COMPLIANCE
 Changing one‟s behavior as a result of other
people directing or asking for a change

4 TECHNIQUES TO GAIN
COMPLIANCE
 Foot-in-the-Door Technique
 Door-in-the-Face Technique
 Lowball Technique
 That‟s-not-all-Technique

OBEDIENCE
 Changing of one‟s own behavior at the
direct order from an authority figure

GROUP BEHAVIOR
 GROUPTHINK is the kind of thinking that
occurs when people place more importance
on maintaining group cohesiveness than on
assessing the facts of the problem with which
group is concerned

GROUP POLARIZATION
 Tendency for members involved in a group
discussion to take somewhat more extreme
positions than the initial inclination of other
members
 Group tends to intensify opinions

SOCIAL FACILITATION
 The positive influence of others on performance
 Increased arousal in presence of others resulting
to increased performance

SOCIAL IMPAIRMENT
 The negative influence of others on
performance
 Increased arousal in presence of others
resulting to decreased performance

SOCIAL LOAFING
 „loafers‟ tend not to do well as well when other
people are working on the same task, but can
do quite well when working on their own

SOCIAL INTERACTION
 Positive and negative aspects of people
relating to others

SOCIAL INTERCTION
 PREJUDICE
 Negative attitude held by a person about the
members of a particular social group
 In-groups and out-groups
 “us” vs. “them”
 DISCRIMINATION
 Treating people differently because of prejudice
toward the social group to which they belong

REALISTIC CONFLICT
THEORY
 Increasing prejudice and discrimination
between the in-group and the out-group when
those groups in conflict over a limited
resource, such as land and available jobs
 Example:
 “Illustrado” vs. “Indio”

SOCIAL COGNITIVE
THEORY
 Referring to the use of cognitive
processes in relation to understanding
the social world

SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY
 A theory in which the formation of a person‟s
identity within a particular social group is
explained by
 SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION
 SOCIAL IDENTITY
 SOCIAL COMPARISON

SOCIAL INTERACTION
Aggression
• When one has
the intention to
hurt or destroy
another person
whether verbally
or physically
Altruism
• Helping
someone without
expectation of
reward and often
without fear of
own‟s safety
Attraction
• To have a desire
for a relationship
with someone

AGGRESSION
 Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
 As a Human instinct
 As a biological phenomenon (amygdala
and testosterone) / learned behavior
 Alcohol-influenced aggression?

ALTRUISM
 Bystander Effect
 Refers to finding the likelihood of a bystander to
help someone in trouble decreases as the
number of bystander increases.
 Diffusion of Responsibility
 When a person fails to take responsibility for
either action or inaction because of the
presence of other people who are seen to
share the responsibility

ATTRACTION: LIKING AND
LOVING
 RULES OF ATTRACTION
Proximity
Similarity
Physical
Attraction

RECIPROCITY OF LIKING
 Tendency to like people who like them
 Complementary qualities

STERNBERG‟S LOVE
THEORY
LIKING
INTIMACY
INFATUATION
PASSION
CONSUMATE
LOVE
EMPTY
COMMITMENT
FATUOUS
ROMANTIC COMPANIONATE

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